Analytical Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Modified

Anisotropic Nonquadratic with Exponential Potential Using

Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
Miftahul Maarif1, Suparmi1, Cari1
1

Physics Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret

University, Surakarta, Indonesia
E-mail: miftahulmaarif15@student.uns.ac.id
Abstract. Schrodinger equation for an anisotropic nonquadratic potential that modified by
exponential form in axial part is investigated using supersymmetric approach. The three
dimensional Schrodinger equation for an anisotropic nonquadratic potential in cylindrical
coordinate is separated into three parts that contain one dimensional Schrdinger type equation
which are solved using supersymmetric operator and the idea of shape invariant potential. The
energy spectrum and the total wave functions are obtained.
Keywords : Schrodinger equation, Anisotropic Nonquadratic, Supersymmetry

1. Introduction
Exact analytical solutions of the Schrodinger equation for some physical potential are
important to obtain the wave function and the energy spectrum. More recently, efforts have paid
considerably to explore potential solutions right from the central and non-central. There are only few
potentials the Schrodinger equation can be solved exactly in the scheme of centrifugal approach.
In recent years, many studies have analysed a bound state of a charged particle moving in a
potential vector and scalar potential non-central location, such as an electron moves in the Coulomb
field with the same field presence Aharonov-Bohm [1-2], or monopole magnet [3], Makarov potential
[4] or potential-shaped ring oscillator [9/5]. Most of these research, the eigen values and eigen functions
are determined using variable separation method in the spherical coordinate system. More recently, with
the idea of supersymmetric quantum mechanics invariance form [10/9], factorization method [11-12],
and Nikiforov-Uvarov method [13-14] are widely used to obtain the energy spectrum and the wave
function of the charged particle moved in the non-central potential.
In this paper the anisotropic nonquadratic potential which has been investigated using path
integral method [15], the method of algebraic solutions [16], the semmiclassical treatment [17] and now
will be investigated by using supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSY QM) [18] and the idea of the
invariance form [19]. SUSY QM is a powerful tool for determining the energy spectrum and the wave
functions of the form class invariance potentials [18-22].
Anisotropic nonquadratic potential given as [15-17]

x
'
(1)
V (r ) V (r , , z )
2
' z2 2
z
x2 y 2 y
y 2 x2 y 2
Modified anisotropic nonquadratic potential with exponential potential in axial part is

V r V r , , z

V0
x2 y 2

V3e z
V1
V2 y

x2 x x2 y 2
1 e z

V4

1 e z
1 e z

(2)

Schrodinger equation in Eq. (2) is expressed in the three-dimensional type of the Schrodinger equation
in cylindrical coordinate and it is solved exactly using variable separation method. Schrodinger equation
of radial, angular, and axial parts are solved using SUSY operator and the idea of shape invariant.
2. Schrodinger Equation for Modified Anisotropic Nonquadratic Potential
Schrdinger equation is defined by
2 2
(3)
r V r r E r
2m
Modified anisotropic nonquadratic potential in Eq.(2) is changed by applying cylindrical coordinates,
and apply the operator 2 for cylindrical coordinate, with the wave function r R(r ) P( )( z ) . The
wave function which have variable r , , and z can be separated with ordinary algebra method.
So the Schrodinger equation that has been separated may be written by
Axial part

V3
2Z
z

V4 coth
Z 1Z
2m z 2 4sinh z
2
2

(4)

Angular part
2
2 P V1

V2 tan P 2 P
2
2
2m
cos

Radial part
2
R
V0 2

r r
E 1 r R 2 R

2m r r
r

(5)

(6)

3. Solution to The Three Dimensional Schrodinger Equations with SUSY QM Method

Supersymmetry quantum mechanics is used to solve one dimensional Schrdinger equation
with any shape invariance potentials. After has been separated into three parts, each part of Schrodinger
equation would be solved using SUSY QM to find the wave functions and energy spectra .
3.1. Solution of Axial Part
The Schrdinger equation for axial part (Eq. 23) is changed into hyperbolic function. Assume
2
2

that , and suppose that V3 2 1 , V4 q , and E ' 1 so Eq.(4) can be resolved into
2
2m
m
Schrdinger equation with the effective potential is Manning Rosen-like potential
2
2
2 1

2Z
(7)

2q coth z Z E ' Z

2
2
2m z
2m sinh z

We hypothesize that the superpotential is given by o ( z, a0 ) A coth z B , by applying

A

V ( z ) V ( z; a0 ) E0 ( z; a0 )
2

2m

'( z; a0 ) E0

(8)
'( z );
V ( z , a0 ) 2 ( z )
'( z )
2m
2m
Where V ( z ) is the effective potential. So we get the superpotential, super-partner potentials and ground
state energy are
V ( z , a0 ) 2 ( z )

o ( , a0 )

1 coth z

2m

2m 1

V , a0

2 1

q2
2
2q coth z
2 v 1 2

2
2
2m sinh z
v 1
2m

V , a0

2 v 2 1

q2
2
2q coth z
2 v 1 2

2
2
2m
sinh z
v 1
2m

E0 '

q2
2
1 2

2
2m

(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)

A pair of potentials V ( z ) in Eqs.(8) are said to be shape invariant if they are similar in shape but
different in the parameters and this condition is given as,
(13)
V ( z; a ) V ( z; a ) R(a )

j 1

j 1

where j = 0,1,2,.., and a is a parameter in our original potential. The energy eigenvalue of the
Hamiltonian H is given by

En ( ) j 1 R(a j )
n

( )

En En E0
and by using Eqs.(14) and (13) we get the energy spectra of the system given as,
Enz '

q2
2
v nz 1 2

2
2m

(14)
(15)

So we get the first separation variable constant is

1 2 v nz 1

2 v nz 1

(16)

q2

The raising and lowering operator for axial part are given by
d
q
A

1 coth z
2m dz
2m
2m 1
d
q
A

1 coth z
2m dz
2m
2m 1
Using the lowering operator Eq.(18) and applying
( )
()
H 0 0 A 0 0
So we get the ground state of wave function is

Z0 C 'sinh

ze

(17)
(18)

(19)

(20)

And applying

n( ) ( z; a0 ) A ( z; a0 ) A ( z; a1 ).... A ( z; an1 ) 0() ( z; an )

The first excited wave function is given by
q
z

q
Z1 z , a0 C sinh z e coth z 2

(21)
(22)

With a0 , a1 1,..., an n so we can get the next excited wave functions of axial part by
using raising Eq.(17) and lowering Eq.(18) operator and applying Eqs.(14) and (21).
3.2. Solution of Angular Part

The potential of Schrodinger equation for angular part is changed by V1

2m

v v 1 and V2

, so the effective potential in angular part becomes Kepler problem in hypersphere potential-like and we
assumed that E " 2 . Then the angular part becomes,
2
2 P
v(v 1)

(23)

2qtan P E " P

2
2
2m
2m cos

To find solution of angular part, we put the same method like in the subsection 4.1. We have to define
the superpotentials, 0 ( ) A tan B , by using Eqs.(8) and (13-14) we get the ground state energy
for angular part and the energy spectra are given by

q2
2
(v 1)

2m
(v 1) 2
2

q2
2
En "
(v n 1)

2m
(v n 1) 2
E0 "

(24)
(25)

So the second variable constant is

q2
(v n 1) 2
2
(v n 1)

(26)

The raising and lowering operator for angular part are given by
A ( , a0 )=

A( , a0 )=

(27)

d
q

(v 1) tan
2m d
2m
2m (v 1)

d
q

(v 1) tan
d

(
v
2m
2m
2m 1)

(28)

Using the lowering operator Eq.(28) and applying Eq.(19) we get the ground state of wave function is

P0 D ' cos

( v 1)

q
( v 1)

(29)

And the first excited wave function for angular part is

q

e ( v 2)
1
1
P1 D
(v 1) tan (v 2) cos q

( v 2)

2m sec
v 1 v 2

(30)

With a0 v, a1 v 1,..., an v n so we can get the next excited wave functions by using raising
Eq.(27) and lowering Eq.(28) operator and applying Eq.(21).
3.3. Solution of Radial Part
Radial part in Eq.(6) must reduce into Schrdinger equation by assumed that R U and then
r

we change the form of the potentials with V0 e , so the effective potential in radial part becomes
2

Coulomb-like potential and we assumed that E ''' E

2m

1 . Then the radial part has been reduced into

Schrdinger equation, given as

1

2U 2 2 4 e2

U E '''U
2m r 2 2m r 2
r

(31)

We hypothesize that the superpotential for the radial part is 0 (r ) A B , by using the same method like
r

subsections 1 and 2 so we get the ground state energy and the energy spectra for radial part are given by

(32)

me4

E0 '''
2

2
2

(33)

me 4

Enr '''
2

2 nr
2

So we get the energy spectra of the system is

E

q2
2
v nz 1 2

2
2m
v nz 1

(34)

me4
2

q2
1
(v n 1) 2 nr

(v n 1) 2
2

The energy spectra of an anisotropic non-quadratic potential expressed in (Eq. 2) is given in (Eq. 57).
There are two parts of the energy spectra, the first part is associated with the axial part of the potential,
and the second part is associated with radial and polar parts of potential. Without the presence of axial
part of potential, the energy spectra reduces to the energy spectra of Coulomb-like potential that is
modified by the presence of the angular potential.
The raising and lowering operator for radial part are given by
1
2 2m
r
2

2m dr
2m

A (r , a0 )=

1
2 2m
r
2

d
A(r , a0 )=

2m dr
2m

(35)

e2
1
2

(36)

e2
1
2
2

Using the lowering operator Eq.(27) and applying Eq.(19) we get the ground state of wave function is
m

U0 F ' r

1
2

e2

1
2

(37)

And the first excited wave function for radial part is given by

U1 C
r
2m

5
2

e2

3
2

2m 2 1
1
e

5
3
2
2 2
2
2

3
2

e2

3
2

(38)

With a0 2 , a1 2 1,..., an 2 n so we can get the next excited wave functions by using
raising Eq.(35) and lowering Eq.(36) operator and applying Eq.(19). The total wave functions, the unnormalized ground state and first excited state ones, are obtained from Eqs.(20,22), Eqs.(29-30) and
Eqs.(37-38) given as

0 (r , , z ) G ' cos( v 1) sinh 1 z r

1 (r , , z)
r
2m

5
2

e2

3
2

1
2
2

e2

1
2

q
q

z
( v 1) 1

2m 2 1
1

r

3
2
2 52
2
2

e ( v 2)
1
1

(v 1) tan (v 2) cos q v 1 v 2
( v 2)
se
c

2m

q
z

q
sinh z e coth z 2

with 2 expressed in (Eq. 26) respectively.

(58)
m

3
2

e2

3
2

(59)

4. Conclusion
By applying a cylindrical coordinate system, the Schrdinger equation for the anisotropic nonquadratic
that modified by exponential form in axial part reduces to a perfectly variable separable Schrdinger
equation. Three dimensional Schrdinger equation reduces to one radial Schrodinger equation, one
angular Schrodinger equation, and one axial Schrodinger equation. These three one dimensional
Schrdinger equation are exactly solvable since each of Schrdinger equation with shape invariant
potential. By using SUSY Quantum Mechanics method and the idea of shape invariance the energy
spectra are calculated and so the total wave functions which are combination of axial, angular and radial
parts.
5. Acknowledgement
This research was partly supported by Higher Education Project Grant with contract number
632/UN27.21/LT/2016.
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