ECHE 311/SPRING 2015

Problem Set # 4
Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids
1. Estimate the change in enthalpy and entropy when liquid ammonia at 270oK is
compressed from its saturation pressure of 328 kPa to1,200 kPa. For saturated liquid
ammonia at 270oK, Vl=1.551x10-3 m3kg-1, and =2.095x10-3K-1.
Hint: At constant temperature the Eqs. in your textbook are written as:
dS VdP

and

dH (1 T )VdP

2. Liquid water at 25oC and 1 bar fills a rigid vessel. If heat is added to the water until its
temperature reaches 50oC, what pressure is developed? The average value of between
25 and 50oC is 36.2x10-5 K-1. The value of at 1 bar and 50oC is 4.42x10-5 bar-1, and may
be assumed independent of P. The specific volume of liquid water at 25 oC is 1.0030 cm3g1
.
Hint/Suggestion. Use constant volume change equation from your textbook:

(T2 T1 ) ( P2 P1 ) 0
3. Estimate the entropy change of vaporization of benzene at 50oC. The vapor pressure of
benzene is given by the Antoine equation:
ln P sat / kPa 13.8858
d
P (t ) 1.375
dt

2,788.51
t / C 220.79
o

P(50) =36.166 kPa

dPdt=1.375 kPa/K

Use the Clapeyron Eq. dP/dT= Hlv/T Vlv with an estimated value of Vlv.

Use the Clausius/Clapeyron Eq Hlv=- R

d ln P sat
d (1/ T )

Hint/Suggestion: (a) The entropy change of vaporization is equal to the latent heat
divided by the temperature. For the Clapeyron we need the volume change of
vaporization. For this we estimate the liquid volume by Racket equation and
the vapor volume by the generalized virial correlation:

Z 1 Bo
Vvap

Pr
P
B1 r or
Tr
Tr

RT
P
[1 ( Bo B1 ) r
P
Tr

Solve Clapeyron for the latent heat and divide by T to get the entropy change
of vaporization.
RT
dPdt
(b) S=
P
4. A two phase system of liquid and water and water and vapor in equilibrium at 8,000
kPa consists of equal volumes of liquid and vapor. If the total volume Vt=0.15 m3, what
is the total enthalpy Ht and what is the total entropy St. (Data Table F.3)
Hint: Htotal = mliqHliq+ mvapHvap
5. Wet stream at 230 oC has a density of 0.025 g cm -3. Determine x, H and S. (Data Table
F.1 and 230oC.)
Hint:

V Vliq
Vvap Vliq

6. Steam at 2,100 kPa and 260oC expands at constant enthalpy to 125 kPa. What is the
temperature of the steam in its final state and what is the entropy change? If steam were
an ideal gas, what would be its final temperature and entropy change?
Hint/Suggestion: Take Data from the Steam Table at 2,100 kPa and 260oC by
interpolation. Final state is at enthalpy H1 and a pressure of 125 kPa. For steam as an
ideal gas, there would be no temperature change.