Training Study Material

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Major Components of a Common PLC

POWER SUPPLY
POWER
SUPPLY
From
SENSORS
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
PROCESSOR
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
PROGRAM MING
DEVICE
O
U
T
P
U
T
M
O
D
U
L
E
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC

components
I/O MODULES
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.
Provides signal conversion and isolation between the

internal logichigh level signal.
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Programming Device
Also known as:
PROCESSOR
Industrial Terminal ( Allen Bradley )
Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities

of the entire PLC systems.
Program Development Terminal ( General Electric )

Programming Panel ( Gould Modicon )
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
Programmer ( Square D )
used to enter the desired program that will determine the

sequence of operation and control of process equipment or
driven machine.
Program Loader ( Idec-Izumi )

Programming Console ( Keyence / Omron )
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1
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I/O Module
Programming Device
The I/O interface section of a PLC connects it to

external field devices.
Types:
Hand held unit with LED / LCD display
The main purpose of the I/O interface is to condition the

various signals received from or sent to the external input
and output devices.
Desktop type with a CRT display

Compatible computer terminal
Input modules converts signals from discrete or analog
Output modules converts signal from the processor to

levels capable of driving the connected discrete or analog
output devices.
23
I/O Module
I/O Module
DC INPUT MODULE
AC INPUT MODULE
IS NEEDED TO:
Prevent voltage
transients from
damaging the
processor.
Helps reduce the
effects of
electrical noise
USE TO
DROP THE
VOLTAGE
TO LOGIC
LEVEL
FROM
INPUT
DEVICE
24
Current
Limiting
Resistor
OPTO ISOLATOR
Buffer,
Filter,
hysteresis
Circuits
IS NEEDED TO:
Prevent voltage
transients from
damaging the
processor.
Helps reduce the
effects of electrical
noise
CONVERTS THE AC
INPUT TO DC AND
DROPS THE VOLTAGE
TO LOGIC LEVEL
TO
PROCESSOR
FROM
INPUT
DEVICE
25
Rectifier,
Resistor
Network
OPTO ISOLATOR
Buffer,
Filter,
Hysteresis
Circuits
TO
PROCESSOR
26
2
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28
I/O Module
DC / AC OUTPUT MODULE
IS NEEDED TO:
Prevent voltage
transients from damaging the
processor.
Helps reduce the effects of
electrical noise
FROM
PROCESSOR
29
TTL
Circuits
OPTO
ISOLATOR
Amplifier
RELAY
TRIAC
TO
OUTPUT
DEVICE
30
3
I/O Circuits
DIFFERENT TYPES OF I/O CIRCUITS
1. Pilot Duty Outputs
Outputs of this type typically are used to drive high-current
electromagnetic loads such as solenoids, relays, valves, and
motor starters.
These loads are highly inductive and exhibit a large inrush
current.
Pilot duty outputs should be capable of withstanding an
inrush current of 10 times the rated load for a short period of
time without failure.
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32
I/O Circuits
I/O Circuits
2. General - Purpose Outputs

These are usually low- voltage and low-current and are used
to drive indicating lights and other non-inductive loads. Noise
suppression may or may not be included on this types of
modules.
4. Analog I/O
Circuits of this type sense or drive analog signals.
Analog inputs come from devices, such as thermocouples,
strain gages, or pressure sensors, that provide a signal
voltage or current that is derived from the process variable.
Standard Analog Input signals: 4-20mA; 0-10V
3. Discrete Inputs
Circuits of this type are used to sense the status of limit
switches, push buttons, and other discrete sensors. Noise
suppression is of great importance in preventing false
indication of inputs turning on or off because of noise.
Analog outputs can be used to drive devices such as

voltmeters, X-Y recorders, servomotor drives, and valves
through the use of transducers.
Standard Analog Output signals: 4-20mA; 0-5V; 0-10V
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4
I/O Circuits
OUTPUTS
5. Special - Purpose I/O

INPUTS
Circuits of this type are used to interface PLCs to very specific
types of circuits such as servomotors, stepping motors PID
(proportional plus integral plus derivative) loops, high-speed
pulse counting, resolver and decoder inputs, multiplexed
displays, and keyboards.
MOTOR
CONTACTOR
LAMP
PUSHBUTTONS
PLC
This module allows for limited access to timer and counter

presets and other PLC variables without requiring a program
loader.
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35
Discrete Input
I= Input
I0.0
A discrete input also referred as digital input is an input that is

either ON or OFF are connected to the PLC digital input. In the
ON condition it is referred to as logic 1 or a logic high and in the
OFF condition maybe referred to as logic o or logic low.
Q= Output
Byte
Bit
Q0.0
IB= Input Byte

IW= Input Word
QB= Output Byte
QW= Output Word
Normally Open Pushbutton

Normally Closed Pushbutton
Address I0.0, Q0.0

Normally Open switch
Normally Closed switch
LADDER PROGRAM
Normally Open contact
37
Normally closed contact
38
5
Analog Input
An analog input is an input signal that has a continuous
signal. Typical inputs may vary from 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA
or 0 to10V. Below, a level transmitter monitors the level of
liquid in the tank. Depending on the level Tx, the signal to the
PLC can either increase or decrease as the level increases
or decreases.
IN
OFF
Logic 0
PLC
Input
Module
24 V dc
Level Transmitter
IN
OFF
Logic 1
IN
PLC
Analog
Input
Module
PLC
Tank
Input
Module
24 V dc
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Digital Output
Analog Output
A discrete output is either in an ON or OFF condition. Solenoids,

contactors coils, lamps are example of devices connected to the
Discrete or digital outputs. Below, the lamp can be turned ON or
OFF by the PLC output it is connected to.
An analog output is an output signal that has a continuous

signal. Typical outputs may vary from 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA
or 0 to10V.
Electric to pneumatic transducer
OUT
OUT
PLC
PLC
0 to 10V
E
P
Supply air
Lamp
Digital
Output
Module
Analog
Output
Module
41
Pneumatic control valve
42
6
Memory Map Organization
Processor
microprocessor,
its supporting circuitry, and its memory system.
SYSTEM
System memory includes an area called the EXECUTIVE,

composed of permanently-stored programs that direct all system
activities, such as execution of the users control program,
communication with peripheral devices, and other system
activities.
The system memory also contains the routines that implement the
functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and
arithmetic.
System memory is generally built from read-only memory devices.
The main function of the microprocessor is to analyze data

coming from field sensors through input modules, make
APPLICATION
return signal back through output modules to the field

devices. Field sensors: switches, flow, level, pressure, temp.
transmitters, etc. Field output devices: motors, valves,
solenoids, lamps, or audible devices.
Data Table
User Program
The memory system in the processor module has two parts:

a system memory and an application memory.
The application memory is divided into the data table area and
user program area.
program, such as system input and output status data, and any
stored constants, variables, or preset values. The data table is
where data is monitored, manipulated, and changed for control
purposes.
The user program area is where the programmed instructions
entered by the user are stored as an application control program.
43
Memory Designs
44
Memory Designs
VOLATILE
A volatile memory is one that loses its stored information
when power is removed.
The words random access refer to the ability of any

location (address) in the memory to be accessed or used.
Ram memory is used for both the user memory (ladder
Even momentary losses of power will erase any information

stored or programmed on a volatile memory chip.
RAM memory must have battery backup to retain or protect

the stored program.
Common Type of Volatile Memory

RAM. Random Access Memory(Read/Write)
Read/write indicates that the information stored in the
memory can be retrieved or read, while write indicates that
the user can program or write information into the memory.
45
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7
Memory Designs
Memory Designs
Several Types of RAM Memory:
NON-VOLATILE
Has the ability to retain stored information when power is
removed, accidentally or intentionally. These memories do not
require battery back-up.
1. MOS
2. HMOS
3. CMOS
Common Type of Non-Volatile Memory

The CMOS-RAM (Complimentary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor) is probably one of the most popular. CMOSRAM is popular because it has a very low current drain when
not being accessed (15microamps.), and the information
stored in memory can be retained by as little as 2Vdc.
ROM, Read Only Memory

Read only indicates that the information stored in memory
can be read only and cannot be changed. Information in ROM
is placed there by the manufacturer for the internal use and
operation of the PLC.
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48
Memory Designs
Memory Designs
Other Types of Non-Volatile Memory
EPROM, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
PROM, Programmable Read Only Memory

Allows initial and/or additional information to be written into
the chip.
Ideally suited when program storage is to be semipermanent or additional security is needed to prevent
unauthorized program changes.
PROM may be written into only once after being received

from the PLC manufacturer; programming is accomplish by
pulses of current.
The EPROM chip has a quartz window over a silicon

material that contains the electronic integrated circuits. This
window normally is covered by an opaque material, but
when the opaque material is removed and the circuitry
exposed to ultra violet light, the memory content can be
erased.
The current melts the fusible links in the device, preventing it

from being reprogrammed. This type of memory is used to
prevent unauthorized program changes.
The EPROM chip is also referred to as UVPROM.

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8
Memory Designs
PLC Operation
EEPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read

Only Memory
Basic Function of a Typical PLC
Also referred to as E2PROM, is a chip that can be

programmed using a standard programming device and can
be erased by the proper signal being applied to the erase pin.
Read all field input devices via the input interfaces, execute
the user program stored in application memory, then, based
on whatever control scheme has been programmed by the
user, turn the field output devices on or off, or perform
whatever control is necessary for the process application.
EEPROM is used primarily as a non-volatile backup for the

normal RAM memory. If the program in RAM is lost or erased,
a copy of the program stored on an EEPROM chip can be
down loaded into the RAM.
This process of sequentially reading the inputs, executing

the program in memory, and updating the outputs is known
as scanning.
51
While the PLC is running, the scanning process includes the

following four phases, which are repeated continuously as
individual cycles of operation:
52
PHASE 1
Input Status scan
A PLC scan cycle begins with the CPU reading the status
of its inputs.
PHASE 1
Read Inputs
Scan
PHASE 2 Logic Solve/Program Execution
PHASE 2
Program
Execution
The application program is executed using the status of

the inputs
PHASE 3
Diagnostics/
Comm
PHASE 3 Logic Solve/Program Execution

Once the program is executed, the CPU performs
diagnostics and communication tasks
PHASE 4
Output
Scan
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PHASE 4 - Output Status Scan
As soon as Phase 4 are completed, the entire cycle begins

again with Phase 1 input scan.
An output status scan is then performed, whereby the

stored output values are sent to actuators and other field
output devices. The cycle ends by updating the outputs.
The time it takes to implement a scan cycle is called SCAN

TIME. The scan time composed of the program scan time,
which is the time required for solving the control program, and
the I/O update time, or time required to read inputs and
update outputs. The program scan time generally depends on
the amount of memory taken by the control program and type
of instructions used in the program. The time to make a single
scan can vary from 1 ms to 100 ms.
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PLC Communications
PLC Communications
Common Uses of PLC Communications Ports
Serial Communications
Changing resident PLC programs - uploading/downloading

from a supervisory controller (Laptop or desktop computer).
PLC communications facilities normally provides serial

transmission of information.
Forcing I/O points and memory elements from a remote

terminal.
Common Standards
RS 232
Linking a PLC into a control hierarchy containing several

sizes of PLC and computer.
Used in short-distance computer communications, with the

majority of computer hardware and peripherals.
Has a maximum effective distance of approx. 30 m at
9600 baud.
Monitoring data and alarms, etc. via printers or Operator

Interface Units (OIUs).
57
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10
PLC Communications
PLC Communications
Local Area Network (LAN)
RS 422 / RS 485
Local Area Network provides a physical link between all

devices plus providing overall data exchange management or
Used for longer-distance links, often between several PCs

in a distributed system. RS 485 can have a maximum
distance of about 1000 meters.
machines and understand data received from them.

LANs provide the common, high-speed data communications
bus which interconnects any or all devices within the local
area.
LANs are commonly used in business applications to allow
several users to share costly software packages and
peripheral equipment such as printers and hard disk storage.
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Selecting a PLC
Specifications
Several factors are used for evaluating the quality and
performance of programmable controllers when selecting a
unit for a particular application. These are listed below.
Criteria
Number of logical inputs and outputs.
Memory Size
Number of special I/O modules
Scan Time
Communications
Software
NUMBER OF I /O PORTS
This specifies the number of I/O devices that can be
connected to the controller. There should be sufficient I/O
ports to meet present requirements with enough spares to
provide for moderate future expansion.
61
11
Specifications
A Detailed Design Process
OUTPUT-PORT POWER RATINGS

1. Understand the process
2. Hardware/software selection
3. Develop ladder logic
4. Determine scan times and memory requirements
Each output port should be capable of supplying sufficient

voltage and current to drive the output peripheral connected
to it.
SCAN TIME
This is the speed at which the controller executes the relayladder logic program. This variable is usually specified as the
scan time per 1000 logic nodes and typically ranges from 1 to
200 milliseconds.
64
PLC Status Indicators
Specifications
Power On
MEMORY CAPACITY
Run Mode
The amount of memory required for a particular application is
related to the length of the program and the complexity of the
control system. Simple applications having just a few relays
do not require significant amount of memory. Program length
tend to expand after the system have been used for a while. It
is advantageous to a acquire a controller that has more
memory than is presently needed.
Programming Mode
Fault
65
12
Troubleshooting
1. Look at the process
2. PLC status lights
HALT - something has stopped the CPU
RUN - the PLC thinks it is OK (and probably is)
ERROR - a physical problem has occurred with the PLC
3. Indicator lights on I/O cards and sensors
4. Consult the manuals, or use software if available.
5. Use programming terminal / laptop.
Examples of PLC Programming Software:

1. Siemens Logo:- Logo Soft Comfort
2. Siemens S7-200:- STEP 7 Microwin
3. Siemens S7-300, S7-400 Simatic Manager
4. Siemens S7-1200, TIA
5. Drives Starter, Drive Monitor
6. HMI Wincc Flexible
7. Scada - WinCC
& So on
List of items required when working with PLCs:

1. Programming Terminal - laptop or desktop PC.
2. PLC Software. PLC manufacturers have
their own specific software and license key.
3. Communication cable for connection from Laptop
to PLC.
4. Backup copy of the ladder program (on diskette, CDROM,
hard disk, flash memory). If none, upload it from the PLC.
5. Documentation- (PLC manual, Software manual, drawings,
ladder program printout, and Seq. of Operations manual.)
PROGRAMMING
Normally Open
(NO)
Normally Closed
(NC)
Power flows through these contacts when they are closed. The
normally open (NO) is true when the input or output status bit
controlling the contact is 1. The normally closed (NC) is true
when the input or output status bit controlling the contact is 0.
70
13
Coils
Boxes
Coils represent relays that are energized when power flows to

them. When a coil is energized it causes a corresponding
output to turn on by changing the state of the status bit controlling
the output to 1. That same output status bit maybe used to control
normally open or normally closed contact anywhere in the program.
Boxes represent various instructions or functions that are

Executed when power flows to the box. Some of these
Functions are timers, counters and math operations.
71
72
AND OPERATION
A
OR OPERATION
Rung
Rung
B
Each rung or network on a ladder program represents

a logic operation. In the rung above, both inputs A and B
must be true (1) in order for the output C to be true (1).
In the rung above, it can be seen that either input A or B
is be true (1), or both are true, then the output C is true (1).
73
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14
NOT OPERATION
A
Rung
In the rung above, it can be seen that if input A is be true (1),

then the output C is true (0) or when A is (0), output C is 1.
75
15
Basics of PLC
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What is PLC ?
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an
industrial computer control system that continuously monitors
the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a
custom program to control the state of output devices.
Almost any production line, machine function, or process can
be greatly enhanced using this type of control system.
However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to
change and replicate the operation or process while collecting
and communicating vital information.
PLC Systems are Modular. That is, you can merge the types of
Input and Output devices to best suit your application.
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History of PLCs
The first Programmable Logic Controllers were
designed and developed by Modicon as a relay replacer for GM and Landis.
These controllers eliminated the need for rewiring
and adding additional hardware for each new
configuration of logic.
The new system drastically increased the
functionality of the controls while reducing the
cabinet space that housed the logic.
The first PLC, model 084, was invented by Dick
Morley in 1969
The first commercial successful PLC, the 184, was
introduced in 1973 and was designed by Michael
Greenberg.
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Inside PLC
The Central Processing Unit [CPU], contains an internal
program that informs the PLC what to perform, like Execute the Control Instructions contained in the User's
Programs. The program is stored in "nonvolatile" memory,
meaning that the program will not be lost if power is off.
Communicate with other devices like I/O Devices,
Programming Devices, Networks, and even other PLCs.
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INPUT / OUTPUT TO THE PLC
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How Does A PLC Operate?

There are four basic steps in the operation of all PLCs;
Input Scan, Program Scan, Output Scan, and
Housekeeping. These steps continually take place in a
repeating loop.
Four Steps In The PLC Operations
1.Input Scan
Detects the state of all input
2. Program Scan
Executes the user created program logic
3. Output Scan
`
Energizes or de-energize all output devices that are

connected to the PLC.
These steps are continually
processed in a loop.
This step includes communications with programming

terminals,
internal diagnostics, etc...
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An Example
Sequential Logic Control
V2
V1
M
L2
L1
L0
V3
VI OPEN
SENSE LEVEL L1
V2 CLOSE
SENSE LEVEL L2
MOTOR ON
MEASURE TIME
V3 CLOSE
SENSE LEVEL L0
V1 CLOSE
V2 OPEN
MOTOR OFF
V3 OPEN
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Process Control Methods
Option-3
Hard Wired /
Relay Logic
Control
Machine / Process
Control &
Automation
Option - 2
Option-4
Option - 1
(PLC)
Programmable
Controller
Manual Control
Dedicated Electronic
Control
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PLC Capabilities
PLC CAPABILITIES
Logic Control
Timer
Communication
Counter
Analog Signal
Signalling & Listing
PID Control
Real Time Function
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PLC Advantages
Advantages of Using PLC

Reduced Space
Energy Saving
Ease of Maintenance
Economical
Greater Life & Reliability
Tremendous Flexibility
Shorter Project Time
Archiving & Documentation
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CONSTITUENTS OF PLC & WORKING
Power
Supply
Input Module
CPU
Program Memory
Output Module
Field Inputs Control Elements

PROCESS/MACHINE
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Manual Control
Speed Indicator
Pulse generators
Thyristor converter
DC motor
Load
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Electronic Control Using Logic Gates
b5
b6
b7
>1
&
&
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Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC)
Programmer
Program
Memory
Q
Processor
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PLC Basics
PLC Programming
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Programming Methods / Languages

Programme Representation
Electronic
Engineers
Electrical
Engineers
Ladder
Diagram (LAD)
Professionals
Professionals
Function
Block
Diagram (FBD)
Statement
List (STL)
Q4.0
I0.0 I0.1
Q4.0
I0.0
I0.1
A I0.0
A I0.1
= Q4.0
&
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PLC Basics programs

Binary Lo gic Oper ations : AND, O R
LAD
C ircuit Diag.
FBD
STL
S1 (I 0.0)
I0.0
I0.1
Q 8.0
&
I 0.1
S2 (I 0.1)
AND
I 0.0
Q 8.1
=
Q 8.1
L1
(Q 8.0)
A
A
=
=
I0 .0
I0 .1
Q 8.0
Q 8.1
O
O
=
I0 .2
I0 .3
Q 8.2
L2
(Q 8.1)
S3
(I 0.2)
I0.2
S4
(I 0.3)
OR
Q 8.0
=
Q 8.2
I 0.2
I 0.3
I0.3
>=1
Q 8.2
=
L3 (Q 8.2)
SIMATIC S7
S i e men s A G 20 00. A ll rig hts re s erved .
D ate:
Fil e:
SITRAIN
Tra in ing f o r
A uto m a tion a nd D riv e s
11/ 2 0/01
P RO1_ 07 E. 2
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How PLC reads Inputs

Bringing Input Signal To PII
enable
CPU
Input
Module
PII
PIQ
Isolation
P24
PII-Process Image Input

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PLC Processing of Signals

Processing of Signals using Program
User Program
Memory
Internal
Timers
Internal
Counters
CPU
Flags
PII
PIQ
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How PLC writes to the Output

Sending Process Image Output To Output Module
enable
CPU
PII
Output
Module
PIQ
Isolation
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Typical Specifications for a PLC :
a. No : of Digital Inputs and Outputs

Corresponding Signals Levels
- E.g. 24V or 110V etc.
b. No : of Analog Inputs and Outputs
Corresponding Signals Levels
- 4-20mA, 0-10V etc.
c. Are there any PID Loops? If yes How Many ?
( In case there are analog Inputs )
d. Are there any High Speed Encoder Inputs?
e. Is it a centralized or distributed configuration ?

g. Networking requirements if any.
f. What are the HMI / MMI requirements ?

Refer next sheet for HMI specifications
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Typical Specifications for a HMI :
a. Is it a PC based HMI or an operator Panel
If it is an operator panels then the following needs to be checked:

b. Is it alphanumeric or graphic ?
c. What is the size required ?
d. Is it a touch panel or an operator panel?

e. No : recipes if any ?
f. If possible no : of screen?
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Logo
LOGO! in detail overview

Wiring
Hardware assembly
Connecting power supply
Connecting inputs and outputs
Switch-on behaviour
Integrated functions
Connectors
Basic functions
Special functions
Operation on device
Control for operation
First program
LOGO! in run mode
Configuring LOGO!
LOGO! Soft Comfort V6.1

Help functions
Realizing typical tasks step by step
Modem wizard
Other options
OBA6 Series
Application example
Control of bottle filling conveyor
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OBA7 Series
With
Ethernet
Basic
(With Display)
Pure
(without Display)
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1
Identification.
.Logo 12/24 RC
.Logo 24 RCO
Power
supply
. Logo 12/24 RC
. Logo 230v AC/DC
inputs
Power supply for

expansion modules
Switch for electrical

connection
Connection
interface
Wiring for
LOGO-TD
R:-Relay output
C:-Clock/time Switch
O:-without display
E:-Ethernet Interface
Expansion
inputs
Run stop
Display
Communication
interface with PG
outputs
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Expansion
outputs
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Modules & Configuration
Wiring
LOGO with
LOGO with
24 digital inputs + 8 analog inputs+16 digital

outputs + 2 analog outputs
L+
L1
Fuse
Protection by Fuse(Recommended)
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With voltage spikes, use a varistor (MOV) with an

operating voltage at least 20% higher than nominal
voltage.
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2
Connecting LOGO with TD

Connection interface for LOGO! TD Cable
Function keys
Standard
LOGO! keys
Unipolar power supply connector12V DC, 24V

AC/DC Recommended fuse: 0,5A
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HOW TO INITIATE LOGO
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START > PROGRAMS > SIEMENS LOGOSOFT > LOGO!SOFT COMFORT
CREATE NEW FILE/PROJECT
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1. Select
2. Select Programming
Language
1
Software Development
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Program
TOOL
Window
PROGRAMMING WINDOW
INFORMATION/OUTPUT WINDOW
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SAVE PROJECT/FILE
1. Select
2. Select the Destination path
to Store
3. Select
2
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HARDWARE SELECT
1. Select
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EDIT SOFTWARE/LOGIC
1. Select Appropriate Hardware
2. Select
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1. Select
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Test & Verify as per desire logic
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Introduction of Sinamics V20
SINAMICS V20 sets itself apart with its quick commissioning times,
ease of operation, robustness and cost-efficiency.
It has four Frame sizes available for different power ratings.
It covers a power range extending from 0.16 to 20 HP(0.12 KW to 16 KW).
Voltage range
1AC 200 V - 240 V, 10 %;
3AC 380 V - 480 V +10 % / -15 %
Features of Sinamics V20
Easy to install
Push-through and wall mounting side-by-side possible for both
USS and Modbus RTU at terminals
Integrated braking chopper for 7.5 kW to 15 kW (10 hp up to 20 hp)
Easy to use
Parameter loading without power supply
Integrated application and connection macros
Keep Running Mode for uninterrupted operation
Wide voltage range and advanced cooling design
Easy to save money
ECO mode for V/f, V2/f
Hibernation mode
Wiring Diagram
q 4 Nos of Digital Inputs
are available.
q 2 Nos of Digital Outputs
are available.
(one transistorised o/p
and one relay o/p)
q 2 Nos of Analog Inputs
are available.
q 1 No of Analog Output
available.
Drive is not running

because of some
wrongly done
parameterization
Set P010=30
Set P0970=1
The drive is restored

to the last saved
working backup
now
User Reset
Factory Reset
Field of applications
Product
Overview
V20
Page 1
2012-06-29
For internal use only / Siemens AG 2012. All Rights Reserved.

Industry Sector
Field of application
Fields of application and product positioning
V20
Page 2
2012-06-29
For internal use only / Siemens AG 2012. All Rights Reserved.

Industry Sector

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Major Components of a Common PLC

Major Components of a Common PLC

Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC

Provides signal conversion and isolation between the

Major Components of a Common PLC

Also known as:

Industrial Terminal ( Allen Bradley )

Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities

Program Development Terminal ( General Electric )

used to enter the desired program that will determine the

Program Loader ( Idec-Izumi )

The I/O interface section of a PLC connects it to

The main purpose of the I/O interface is to condition the

Desktop type with a CRT display

Input modules converts signals from discrete or analog

Output modules converts signal from the processor to

2. General - Purpose Outputs

Analog outputs can be used to drive devices such as

5. Special - Purpose I/O

This module allows for limited access to timer and counter

A discrete input also referred as digital input is an input that is

IB= Input Byte

Normally Open Pushbutton

Address I0.0, Q0.0

Normally closed contact

A discrete output is either in an ON or OFF condition. Solenoids,

An analog output is an output signal that has a continuous

Pneumatic control valve

Memory Map Organization

System memory includes an area called the EXECUTIVE,

The main function of the microprocessor is to analyze data

return signal back through output modules to the field

The memory system in the processor module has two parts:

The words random access refer to the ability of any

Even momentary losses of power will erase any information

RAM memory must have battery backup to retain or protect

Common Type of Volatile Memory

Several Types of RAM Memory:

Common Type of Non-Volatile Memory

ROM, Read Only Memory

Other Types of Non-Volatile Memory

EPROM, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

PROM, Programmable Read Only Memory

PROM may be written into only once after being received

The EPROM chip has a quartz window over a silicon

The current melts the fusible links in the device, preventing it

The EPROM chip is also referred to as UVPROM.

EEPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read

Basic Function of a Typical PLC

Also referred to as E2PROM, is a chip that can be

EEPROM is used primarily as a non-volatile backup for the

This process of sequentially reading the inputs, executing

While the PLC is running, the scanning process includes the

Input Status scan

PHASE 2 Logic Solve/Program Execution

The application program is executed using the status of

PHASE 3 Logic Solve/Program Execution

PHASE 4 - Output Status Scan

As soon as Phase 4 are completed, the entire cycle begins

An output status scan is then performed, whereby the

The time it takes to implement a scan cycle is called SCAN

Common Uses of PLC Communications Ports

Changing resident PLC programs - uploading/downloading