P TuoTORIAL 4 | 2 The ar o Erappnd ok We inslenk showe : hue Bnelly WE Gn tgerehon bw bhuen: ; Z| Ie Lok * be ME finak preven of WO DTT Wrapped ar. e k— 5 SESS SSS Daaat % 4 Sgh = Sgnrbh + Ix 0.76 he & cadycoges: ume ne ee i We innkenk oyu Frappe Swe WREM a PEWS benches alte | ov Bs Sgn0-Tbx Oph 84 CoRR K Sebaltinhag CARR OUR TL a ash ae Fh 0.164- 6 = 33 Or tb ye 2TH + ora5y h- KY a 23 (0254 rH) leewangery he B55 bhs Oo C4TIG =O Ws 3.3600 ey eine weTn (WE Bak configureion, ar a Pe 4 010g Me, Pag tet oe ae wren { 48) Ys. ank g ape Vie 465 ean 67605 ( > v fh 4 Upon Gentry hoe tachows, othe O45 oR ORS ogy h 64-h ov toa a yp gn GOH h o.4-h ww Geb hor curqen (oth) & 7. 0. 92 Ww - 2.26316 heot 2 0 k 2 ee o.42™ Meveary falls ly 3 om.y >) he PWV (0) AP ays 2 Oe eee 7 w ce J pay eu 4) oS = , rt a Pav ? 2, a4) re ° 3 ii 4 fase : geo § PAY X hss ie : ah \B oh ae bia sai tare “i Vv 7 a eee Si 5 ya wie ne 2( 2) 2 (ce Ww wh Ww ; eae =, MEL wy 54? ig 2 ae yr? / ibfercotiot , ey oe Ll @ ° QT "4) Nouires \50 x10 X (29 = VR KI Nwoley 2 703 a3ox 20x60, nex WD” : bo tow ei e WTR HR 2 58 ea W poist = 173-42 4 Bue x A. HK Y oy Ww vw ev be FTN = =t6.0% 43 Wore = TT WI s) Db fore patana on HE psn A cupncerbly, yids a] | a—& an Ny a Patun Ne * 5nd 1 LL = a (Ae M) \\\ s walt 5 Ge oO: Re ee oxo 4780 [An | t conan S 4 10X10 = \. 4408 re Pa W setae! mR OT = -\2-2625 3 % fideo 5¥4 °) Watm > Ring, (er Aa) Be? 2-253 BR) Marr 2 pte 7 Nake * 5 37-268 JA ol sts The prope af te me yemes Gnntenk dave} me prow + Fe 1494.05 | WT HGITK MW Ht Vif TiLK 6) a) nak prone 2 We Efe x May of tke psbn = su wien Ao NE 3 fabs te au, Bnet vedere “fF SPT na eee See Oa ct 3 . ao vio ve (96667 - 24) ¢ 9) Wagan = Warm wlan = ee a W piston zemgh = - serio xh ¥ 5% 0.26667 9 A = -333R 3Tikal Woyt inkernulen eCCwre 18 trek part f we pyskew bemndary ww WE ako Line by vives of UC feck trek Ty wndeagees deformation, Ment fw We aye phew $ we (trav = Tie Cig Yoaie, tial) « tia © gine inten % That jane & > Lee ble. oom 3 = = OER ADDessrou 2 ote Vi 2 Ey as x 0d \ 4 37 i ANTE KW ow 3 e Bos "esha 3 > (iromted) XW Tx HIS & > pishon 2 36.027 Wy Pisen vines WRwnyh wane Vcon 2 Cm Weschn g = piston ® 9% oll = 738-876 J Spang o Gurpreet by 1: 2 = -05 7 et feax O-bt Wepuieg sucks taiebe tbh; when UX piston o ee | wo ye hh AT8bx tet 2 \ When i pisten heaidkun Meese é ia 6 Ny > ee ott K (0.254 00) 2 bh Xe au ‘. Gaal vaume, Wy 2 Exon x (0.25 401") 4 mag = &36t} ate= Pakm (Yq Mee Skt SF = z wn ~ (Wadyn + Wap ving * W piston) ” yes = 233.766 J Note ak % 2 tno KPa, % 2 28 kPa ae Ol Rm 2 Met Reo Ol ya. 658 be Tt - Ry 0.06 ryGy Sine UE prema 4 I few ts pwperbunek fo Ne Kamba, We ten ogiten Pe a Pe Few to show (Be we oven Ve Rovian adnan | Un tang Re Rew ny Pr dD De De a Wao = Stay ie { [tbo n} ep >, , ‘ af ape eee ave ec eae © pth) Eom (]-2,) 6 Bi De = 1 3 Warn 2 - $ Pate AV --E G3) DyTOTOR\AL 2 ) Renotana & 2 Relr+ uct) Ree = FT = Had sae - TH) Qe, FoI! * Rafra x (nto) RY hs ae | nl | wl | __| 1 14+ ars te Ve T en a s.brbxw Tot 34 | Upon mapas wih R2 Roa T * Ry hho a we er Rx 2 3626 KO ank Ro MT) = 5(. 39, KR XR 2 5.5 Rar, 2 Ro ~X TeA — 7 Pc node Oc ( loo ¢ 5 - 160 3oo- 150 oo - 0 T 2 2 (5-150) 15d ° ° bye Sets, T 2 — 3333 C 8s hoo S T° uct -\o-TuToRiar 3 bu a w V-2 Gro nes -Gio 2-3 610 400 230 3-k -420 } quo - 360 -360 3 For preus 2-3, fv 2 Q-W > @e Yoo WI Fev preun 3-k, SU > aw BU ae WJ > 8 2 -360K3 Pov prow &-!, hU>Q-w Wc ankve cycle, Sian AU eo by 5 + Bilger) bu = 7 (50, ge 28k = bro Wd Fv wow tt, Avance Aas ‘3 Ohede § a-w 20 We de & pve pedeeyy Sint Wak 29,4 2) ) 3 2 6.25 ™ me 2 y ta Too Pa, Mie . , i" 3 - wi T 2 Pe Ng . Joo wto x O29 os 2256 wm ¥ 286 Vv, Cee ae Rue. S808 er ct \ c cement 2 ma a we % 286 2 186 = eu wk Bok yp r Wh canapane re ° W 2 & ioe Ne Soy fe a fale = - Whee mey (1, 7 '4 ae tex (#4 306) = Wha fF 3 > 0. 25 mw 2 2 2000 LPa , \n,.e ? Mid 306 s74 1 ~ 81s WI256 1 4 t > TLD. BREE nang Ng 0-75 Wp KFT L ‘ Va : Num 2297 390 a Pe Fox? Ve = mee 0 REAM. BAK wal Fe 120 x08 i reaentn 304 2 104.34, Who q.08 Gan deg NA 8 bogelher orn a hypkewn, ° bY, * Rua = whee 7. T+ mag ly T) heat (my 4 Q) Cv > 1, - (mW tin yoy kd -13-4) * ‘ wu 2 2709.9 Wa] ty , Up > 2699.6 )y Bu? m-du > mw (u, -4,) = -251.5 «7 Ou. 2 + WLI yaaale * -1¢.5 bY Considusey WE pte om US ppkem, bY, > Qa. He Mek 2 en - CMRF Wyre ) Wan > Ritch (tee bUeL yo rise 7 (-ast5) Gers te wa 9 Natu 2 babe (2.005 -° piesa): a ees ~ 0.002 1 Wyisom 2 Wpshe * 9% 9-005 - 00025. ipp.628 J 6-08 - 372,625 J -\4-syAo = (372-625) Sy eA Th ee ou ee BUR ge WET, <294. 34 |9/ w 4 4286. 68 7, Fam WS yven dake, Me 2 | . 3 _ rt 6exK 313 ce aabe of 3 5 Loo x10 Te f0-%0u at aie aa aan > 0.904 313 y, xt 2 288.68 Te - \ = 15HG mt 2 Vite a) To (9-46 2313) We yee K ) mp (285-68) WA ote EBC E FE Via oe ? Pe loo Ie > 0.090& i? v wr O8668) TA gy x ASF ORK WOEF Lh? A ee ¥ 300 x10 2,8 3 = 0.0412 i Wg sre) Tg =e GX 43 ; ne ne or x 34 3 ae foo 0 3 > 6-404 Vig © te (8868) Te | eee bee Tae ho Boo x103 Vat Vig - Vaya eb OTGh +O. 404 — O-OMIZ > 0-4832 wns ov q 6227 RW. Tas, 2 04532 9, Gg 3. Te K Qandev'ng WK tnkive Cylinder os & aytem, We er Q by, > &a* Who a e AU. a bY 6 Veo 1-2, = | ALN - T w. (Tae ‘Ae . Cy. Ma Caan Tun) * 8 v 6-313) aya [ ore Cee 38) * ve G85 ) v son. 15 LD a - % ah emety of Nole (Har ke chanyt ww We han lx pisbow has bun veplectsdMoy = LEEK ier > 2 fing KO-Ot 2a eBeI5 Ny 28H % 413 Wy Piney Nie : iN ee see Mw, 3 ty , imexmx eet 2 ove rep x &T3 2 yy Ga, 2 ta, any ee ie re 2. Vane arn ere tee ne _ rN Na = hie sO 5 AGG 1x0 Ta ev * Vays, eee ue on WK ayptewn, = = Tas) 2Ny ba, * a ODL xX TA? Cie = 47a) + 2042 5 -\3-Onidevey ey © NE rgnkew Moy * Bay - Way - On - Wav 2 Wav 2 = (Say * &y,) aa ( may Ny Gy ew fa (av) * &w, ) > = 0.0367 x TAZ (498 - 473) + 2042 J - -2722-4 9an 9 Talirg Ove Co, We oaprown, oO ° nto. ves tus Sof > bus ae =, > mov TO) wee | > aa ( Tye 358) + 9R TPF (7 - am) >e 7 5 » 1, 2 he | 7. ‘ | Wasy % VEECER CH wie | No | Rav | j | We % oN % Wo, Vow, ? o, Og ol Piet : Mere x P8EEK Te No tey * pe ae I e, veg (SK Ce Sig ase ee v we have . Maver * Bytes 5 c a we 2 as, Ml Ve GEIS BRUT R ASD (hx 2b. KET) XA 5 >. Be thsi berIT Madras ME110 Thermodynamics 1Sem Mech, Engg. Dept Tutorial 1 ‘Aug-Nov 2012 Consider the J-shaped tube in the figure of uniform cross-section, in which the left limb is closed and the right limb is open to the atmosphere. Mercury is now added slowly to the open limb, thereby trapping the air in the closed limb, unt the mercury Just spills over. At this point, what is the height of the mercury column ih the closed limb? Assume that any changes in the pressure and Volume of the trapped air in the closed limb follow the relationship Pv = constant. Take the atmospheric pressure to be 76 cm of o mercury. [19.2 em] up $52 Consider a thin horizontal tube 1 m long sealed at both ends, The ‘riddle 10 cm of the tube contains mercury and the rest of the {ube contains air at atmospheric pressure (= 76 cm of mercury), The tube is Now brought to a vertical postion. How far will the mercury fall? Assume that changes in the pressure and volume of the air are related by PV = constant. [3 em] Determine whether the following differentials are exact or not in PV coordinates by meas of partial differentiation as well as integration along appropriately chosen paths (1) Pav Gi) (P/mR) V+ (V/mR) dP (ill) (MR/P) AT ~ (mRT/P*) dP. ADC electrical motor is used to operate the hoist mechanism in a crane. The motor supplied Ae eal 10 amp from @ DC source fora period of 2 minutes. The torque provided by tne vivor to the hoist shaft is 230 Nm at 60 rpm. The hoist mechanism lifts a mass of 3 tore through Tei of 5 m, Calculate the work interaction for the DC source, moter, ost and the mass. [+180 10, -6.58 10, -26.27 19, -147.15 10] Consider the frictionless piston-cylinder arrangement shown in the tes figure, in which two pistons are connected by a thin rod of negligible mass and volume. A certain amount of air is enclosed in the space between the pistons such that the piston assembly is inWally in equiliium. The cross-sectional area of the upper piston te io een? greater than the lower one. The combined mass of the = Q———-* pistons is 5 kg. A very slow heating process now takes place 25 2 Fesult of which the piston assembly moves upward by 25 cm. 4 rc Determine (a) the initial pressure of the air, (b) the. work interaction for the piston assembly, (c) the work interaction for the mosphere and (4) the work interaction for air. Take Pam = 10° Pa. Sketch the process undergone by the air on a PV diagram. [1.4905x10° Pa, -12.2625 J, -25 J, +37.2625 3] P. Air “Tank A shown in the figure has a volume of 0.4 m? and contains argon gas at 250 kPa, Cylinder B contains a frictionless piston of arse such that a pressure of 150 kPa is required to lift it, The Tonnecting valve is opened allowing the argon gas to flow slowly into the ¢vlinder. Eventually the argon gas reaches uniformstate, Determine (a) the final pressure (b) the work interaction for the argon 9, piston and the Stencsphere. Take the atmospheric pressure to be 100 kPa. The initia ‘and final states of the argon are related as PAV: = PiVz. The volume of the connecting line may be neglected. [150 kPa, +40 kd, -26.667 10, -13.3335 10] 7. Aisteam line carries steam at a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 250°C. A rigid vessel A steining steam at a pressure of 0.4 MPa is connected via a valve to the ling. Over & period of time, 0.1 kg of steam from the line leaks into the vessel thereby raising the pressure of the contents of the vessel to 0.5 MPa. Determine the work interaction for this process considering the Roser finally in the vessel. The speci volume of the steam inthe line ts 0.152 mifkg. (-228 a] 8, A gas Is contained in a piston cylinder mechanism at an intial pressure of 100 kPa. The piston diameter is 15 cm and it rests 0” tops initially as shown in the figure. The piston weight is such that it requires a pressure of 120 kPa to be lifted from the stops. “The gas is now heated which causes the piston to rise slowly. After a rise of 10 cm, the piston touches a linear spring with a stiffness Galue of 10 N/mm. The heating of the gas is finaly stopped when the spring is compressed by 1 om. Determine the work interaction for the atmosphere, piston, spring and the gas. Also sketch the 25cm process undergone by the gas on a PY diagram and show the four Frork interactions mentioned above by hatching the appropriate Hor aece the atmospheric pressure to be 100 kPa. [-1944 J, -38.876 2, -0.5 3 +233,766 a 9, A spherical balloon has a diameter Dy, when the pressure of the gas inside is P, and the esoteric pressure is Po. A process now occurs in which the palloon dlameter inerrant to Dr ar the pressure of the gas Is proportional to the balloon diameter. Derive expressibo® for the work done by the gas and the work done on the atmosphere. (a AE ot)-Zr(ot-¥ En(os-03) Tutorial 2 1. The relation between the resistance R and the temperature T of a resistance: thermometer is Gen as R = Ro [1-F0(T-To)], where Ro is the resistance measured in ohns at temperature To (in SO) and a is @ material constant. The thermometer reads temperanives ‘of 0°C and 91°C Corresponding to resistance values of 51.39 and 51.72 ohms respectively ‘What would be the carne corresponding to a temperature of 50° inthis thermometer? [53.573 ohms] 2. Anew absolute temperature scale is proposed, in which the ice point of watey ee 150°S and the fisom point is 300°S, Determine the temperatures in °C that correspond to 100°S and 400°S. [- 33.33°S, 166.67°S) 3, Determine whether the heat and the work interactions for the following. cases are positive, negative, zero or indeterminate. The system to be considered is shown In italics: 2) The air in a tyre and connected pump. The pump plunger is pushed don, forcing air into the Tre. Assume pump, tyre and connecting tube to be non-conducting. [= wW<0] 1) Steam in-a closed vessel at 2 temperature of 150°C is left standing In the atmosphere at a temperature of 25°C. [Q<0, W=0] ©) Gasin an insulated ojinder expands asthe piston i slowly moved outwards. [= wo]4) The water and water vapor in a closed rigid container. ‘The container is set on a stove and the temperature and pressure of the contents increase. [0 w=0] ) The system in (@) bursts its container and explodes. into a cold atmosphere. [Q=0, W indeterminate] 1 fg of air flows rapidly from the atmosphere into 2 previously evacuated bottle. [Q=0, W indeterminate] Tutorial 3 1. The following table gives data, in 40, for a system undergoing > thermodynamic cycle. Determine {a) the missing table entries and (b) whether the cycle 's ‘work producing or absorbing. aches ee Process aU Q w Beas ? 2 -610 23 670 ? 230 tsa 2 0 920 41 -360 ? ° (initially evacuated) of volume 0.5 m? and separated by a thin membrane from compartment B of volume 2, Consider the insulated vessel, with compartment A Vitdéllee EEL G_.8 A 0/25 m? which contains 2 kg of a pure substance (Cy = ZY GA Wass 720 3/kg/K and Pv = 286 T) at a pressure of 700 kPa. ‘The pure substance in compartment B is sted By 2 Z fan until the membrane ruptures. The membrane is. designed to rupture at a pressure of 2 MPa. Determine: UMIMtUttd uuiitiiiiill @ the temperature in B when the membrane ruptures, (b) the work done by the fan and (c) the 2) Sauilbrium temperature and pressure when the pure substance fills the entire vessel. [874 K, 818 kJ, 874 K, 666.6 kPa] 3, 2 kg of CO at 370 K, 70 kPa and 8 kg of CO at, 300 Ke 120 kPa are contained in two tanks a nvected by a valve. Initially the valve is closed. The valve is nom opened and the contents of cone tees are alowed to mix. The final temperature is 319 K. Deternir the final pressure tre the heat transfer forthe process. Assume CO to be a pure subSenee governed by Pv = 297 T with C, = 745 J/kg.K, where P is the pressure in a, v is the specific volume in m:/kg and T is the temperature in Kelvin. [104.34 kPa, 50 10 supplied] 44, 5kg of steam is contained within 2 piston-cyinder assemb'y- “The steam undergoes an expansion Frovess from state 1, where the speciic internal energy 's 2709.9 ki/kg to state 2, where the Specific internal energy 1s 2659.6 KY/kg. During this process {20 KJ of heat is transferred to the seer and a paddle wheel transfers 18.5 K) of work. Determine the work done by the steam on the piston. [350 kJ] 5, 4 kg of air is contained in a vertical piston cylinder ‘assembly with the top open to the atmosphere. The piston weighs 50 kg and has a face area of 0.01 m?, The air initially occupies @1g of air, intially at § bar, 350 K and 3 kg of COn YYALUUL/ MIU pir and Ny are contained in an insulated piston cylinder apparatus 25 show” in volume of 0.005 m?. The air now undergoes a process wherein its volume decreases to 0.0025 a ot Ad of heat is lst to the surroundings. Determine the change in ihe specific internal nergy of the air Take the atmospheric pressure to be 100 KP2- [-259.343/ko] intially at 2 bar, 450 K are confined to opposite sides ‘of 2 rigid, well insulated container as shown in the figure. The partition which Is iiially held in place by @ pin s thermally conducting and free to move. The pin Ie now removed and the gases are allowed to come to tequiibrium. Determine the final temperature and the frat pressure. Assume ar and CO2 to be pure Vitilll WLLL substances governed by PV = 288.68 T, C, = 733 Sfka.k and Pv = 189 T, C, = 750 J/kg.K respectively, where © fe Oi Poo in Pa, v is the “specific volume in m?/kg and T is the temperature in Kelvin. [425 K, 246.3 kPa] air O, ABW WWW ‘cylinder is divided into two compartments A and B by 2 frictionless, thermally insulated piston that is free to move. The cylinder is well insulated except for the right end. Initially compartment A yoni contains 0.1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 40°C and Compartment B contains 1 kg of air at the same temperature and pressure. Heat is now slowly transferred to B until the final pressure is 300 kPa, Determine (a) the final temperature in A and (>) the amount of heat transferred. Assume air to be a pure substance governed by Pv = 268.68 T with Cy “i MIMLITIILLLLLLLLL LULL 79733 /kg.K, where P is the pressure in Pa, vis the specific volume in m?/kg and T is the temperature in Kelvin, [428 K, 505.15 J] S®QBVy the figure. The thin rigid wall that separates the two chambers 's perfectly tre rot conducting. Infally the air is at 500 KPa and 473 and fh is eg Po and they each occupy 0.01 mm, The air is now compressed Slowly srothe pressure of Nz reaches 1580 kPa. Determine the work and neat ne ere peethe air and is final temperature. For air and Nz, Pv = 288 T, Cx aero Wvkg K, where P is the pressure in N/m*, v is the specific volun © miskg, and T is the temperature in Kelvin, Neglect any internal energy Changes in the partition wall [-2722.8 3, -20423, 498 K] Sox Air OOMNQQNy x) Ne YLLLLLLLLLL: Own Sremsiawny