CE142-Construction Methods & Project Management

PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT
1. Owner / Client

Private or public
Conceives the construction project
Increasing level of sophistication

Classification of Clients Sector:

1. Public owners consist of national and local government
agencies or units tasked to implement construction
projects intended either for public use (roads, bridges,
ports, dams, parks, and similar works) or for public
service(government buildings and other facilities or
structures for the development of the national wealth).
2. Private owners, on the other hand, are non- governmental
entities requiring services for residential,
commercial, and/or industrial construction.

Participants in the Construction Process

Designer

2.

Architects

Size of firms ranging form single

practitioner to large integrated firms
Mostly building and residential
construction

Engineers

Civil, mechanical, structural,

electrical,chemical, environmental,
geotechechnical, and multidiscipline

Participants in the Construction Process

3. General Contractor

General contractor also called Prime contractor

Specialty contractors working as subcontractors
Organization ranges from small, one-person
company to large, integrated A/E/C firms
Part of a design-build team

Participants in the Construction Process

4. Construction Manager

Two principle divisions of CM

CM for Fee (management services only)

CM At Risk
Operates similarly to a GC with no labor or
capital equipment
Can encompass the management of the design
process as well as construction
CM services including inspection and overall
project or program management

Participants in the Construction Process

5.

Suppliers

6.

Fabricators

7.

Manufactures, distributors, research, promotions

Materials and equipment sales
Equipment Rental
Structural steel, pre-castors, wood products

Labor/Trade Unions

8.0 Government
Infrastructure Agencies - are those
whose primary function is to provide
(either by contract or by direct
administration) the necessary public
works or facilities within their areas of
responsibility.

The bulk of public construction projects are

implemented by three major infrastructure agencies:

1. Department of Public Works and

Highways (DPWH),
2. Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC), and
3. Department of Energy (DOE).

Under these three agencies are several offices and

government corporations also classified as
infrastructure agencies. These include the:
National Power Corporation (NPC)
National Irrigation Administration(NIA)
National Electrification Administration (NEA)
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Local Water and Utilities Administration (LWUA)
Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT),

Philippine National Railways (PNR), Light

Railways Transit Authority (LRTA).
National Housing Authority (NHA).
Most of these agencies have decentralized
organizational structures which allow for infrastructure
planning and delivery at the regional and district levels.

Participants in the Construction Process

9.

Utility Companies

Electric, communications, water, gas,sanitary

sewer
Private petroleum pipelines
Owner or service provider
Integral part of the process
Existing facilities in conflict with new
construction
Interruption of service can be very costly

Participants in the Construction Process

10.

Industry Associations

Organizations of construction contractors

Organizations of the design and management
professions
Construction material and equipment
suppliers and product research
Construction labor organizations
Coordination and arbitration
Inspection, specifications, and costs

10.

Industry Associations

Functions and services

Industry information and communication

Development and maintenance of standards
Industry coordination
Collective bargaining
Statistics (market & industry)
Meetings and conventions

Project Delivery Organization

Construction by owners forces
Owner-managed construction

Construction by general contractor

Design-build team

CM Contract

Construction employing owner forces

Usually small in-house construction or renovations
Industrial projects or institutional (such as hospitals or

schools

Owner-managed construction
Residential/commercial building developers
Industrial or institutional

 Construction by General Contractor

Also referred to as Prime Contractor
Most common method of delivery
Contractor bears substantial risks and financial
responsibility
Facility designed by in-house architect/engineer or by
design consultants
Often requires specialty subcontractors

Specialty contractors might include those

specializing in one of the following:
Excavation

Clearing and grubbing

Steel erection

Blasting/demolition

Concrete
Cast-in-place
Prestressed/Precast

Electrical

Masonry

Environmental

Timber/wood framing

remediation
Many, many others

Piping/plumbing

Painting
HVAC

 Design-Build (Turnkey)
Single firm or team responsible for design and

construction minimizes coordination problems

More efficient designs with the interjection of
constructibility and innovation
Often employs fast-track construction
Benefits include reduced overall delivery time and onestop shopping for the owner
Disadvantages include complexity of evaluating proposals

 CM Contract -- Fee (management services

also referred to as Agency

only)

Specialized construction skills through all project stages

including preconstruction
Provides close coordination between design and
construction
Eliminates impact of conflicts of interest
Independent and objective evaluation of costs, schedules,
and performance
Potential saving in time and cost
Disadvantages include no risks associated with costs
increase

 CM Contract At-Risk
CM assumes financial risks similar to a GC
CM manages all phases of the work without performing
any actual work tasks
CMs only resources are management personnel
Contractors/subcontractors have a direct contract with
CM
Contract form is often a negotiated guaranteed
maximum price arrangement
Disadvantages includes lack of impartiality