Training of Trainers on Earthquake Resistant Construction

Technology

Site Selection & Building

Configuration

We can be safe against

earthquake by following the
given 3 Cs PRINCIPALS.

Configuration
Connections
Construction quality
2

CONNECTION

CONTENTS

SITE SELECTION
BUILDING CONFIGURATION

SITE SELECTION

Landslide & Rock Fall

RECENT LANDSLIDE IN NEPAL

RECENT LANDSLIDE IN
NEPAL

10

11

12

13

POUNDING EFFECT

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

FAULT LINES IN NEPAL

22

FAULT

23

ARMALA KASKI

24

25

26

27

28

29

LOCATION OF SLOPING
TERRAIN

30

BUILDING CONFIGURATION

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

Building Configuration

Symmetrical buildings in plan

and elevation are better than
asymmetrical ones.

Irregularity and Seismic Joints

Asymmetry (false symmetry) due to the location of

structural elements

Some Appropriate Shapes

Square

Rectangular

Circular

Building Configuration (contd....)

The appropriate choice of the building configuration can lead to

stable behavior during earthquakes
L >3b

Long narrow building

Building Configuration (contd....)

Division to a number of rectangular or symmetrical units:
in order to make unsuitable building plans seismically
acceptable
Unsuitable plan Suitable plan

Pounding Effect

Building Configuration (contd....)

The same principle can be

applied to the elevations of
the buildings

Building Configuration (contd....)

Height of the building should be less than 3b

Height of a Building

Ideal Earthquake Resistant Building

Small mass
Low Height-to-base ratio
Low center of mass relative to the
ground
Balanced lateral resistance
Direct load paths
Symmetrical Plan
Uniform section and elevation
Uniform floor heights, and
Maximum rotational resistance
Short spans

Asymmetry of
building in Plan

Seismic Joints
Or
Strengthening of
Connection

Abrupt Stiffness
change in building
in Plan

Seismic
Joints

No

Yes

Seismic Joint

Interaction of Structural
Elements of Different
Stiffness

Proper Design or
Strengthening of Flexible
Element

51

52

BEAM ORIENTATION

53

54

No

Significant difference between

stiffness in x and y

Asymmetric arrangement of
Vertical element (Torsional
Vibration)

Yes

Balanced stiffness in x and y

symmetric arrangement of
Vertical element

No

Small contribution of Shear wall

in Torsional resistance

Incorrectly supported columns

Yes

Increase of Torsional
resistance

Uniform Column

No

Unclear Frame Behavior

Strong beam-weak
Column (column Failure
mechanism)

Yes

Good Frame Behavior

in x and y

Weak (comparatively) beamstrong Column (Beam Failure

mechanism)

58

59

60

61

62

Thank You !!!