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Multiaxis Toolpaths
April 2016
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iii
Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................... 5
Tutorial Goals................................................................................................. 5
Introduction to Multiaxis Toolpath Requirements ..................................... 5
General Tutorial Requirements ....................................................................... 5
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13
21
iv MASTERCAM 2017
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39
Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 49
Introduction
This tutorial introduces the concepts of multiaxis machining, beginning with the
machine architecture and ending with multiaxis toolpath creation. Multiaxis toolpaths
are basically the familiar contour, pocket, and surface toolpaths in X,Y, and Z, with
rotational motion added in A, B, and C. The available axes vary based on your particular machine setup.
The workflow is consistent regardless of the multiaxis toolpath selected. Mastercams
Multiaxis interface follows a uniform structure through the toolpathing process. Select
the toolpath family, select a toolpath type, progress from top to bottom through the
tree-style interface, enter parameters on the necessary pages, and generate the toolpath. Additional tools such as Mastercam Simulator and Machine Simulation allow you
to review your toolpath before cutting begins on the machine.
By completing this tutorial, you gain a general understanding of the multiaxis process.
The information contained in these pages gives you the knowledge and confidence to
work with Mastercams multiaxis toolpaths.
Tutorial Goals
Understand the basic architecture of a multiaxis machine
Review the controls of a multiaxis toolpath: cut pattern, tool axis control, and
tool tip control
(HLE). The Demo/HLE file format (emcam) is different from the Mastercam file
format (mcam), and basic Mastercam functions, such as file conversions and
posting, are unavailable.
Each lesson in the tutorial builds on the mastery of preceding lessons skills.
We recommend that you complete them in order.
Additional files may accompany a tutorial. Unless the tutorial provides specific
instructions on where to place these files, store them in a folder that can be
accessed from the Mastercam workstation, either with the tutorial or in any
location that you prefer.
You will need an internet connection to view videos that are referenced in the
tutorials. All videos can be found on our YouTube channel:
www.youtube.com/user/MastercamTechDocs.
L ES S O N 1
1
With a multiaxis machine, instead of a straightforward machine with XYZ axes capabilities, you have a machine that can handle five or more axes of motion. Typically, the
axes are defined as XYZ/ABC/UVW as shown below.
The axes may be in a different orientation or have different relationships. The point is
that your machine now has a much greater range of motion than a standard 3-axis
vertical or horizontal machine.
The added motion of a multiaxis machine enhances the capabilities of your shop, as
well as expands the variety of parts that you can machine. However, due to the
enhanced power of the machine, there is no standard 5-axis machine. Nearly every
machine is unique in its axes combination, orientation, travel and rotation limits, and
controller.
Common terms for multiaxis machines are table/table, head/table, and head/head.
These terms describe the relationship of the rotary components on the machine. The
configuration of the rotaries determines the zero location of the machine and how you
need to locate the part within Mastercam. The part must be located in Mastercam
where it will be sitting on the machine. The only exception is for a head/head arrangement.
IMPORTANT: Improper location of your geometry will cause the part to
be cut incorrectly.
Table/Table Machine
A table/table machine has both rotary axes connected to the table. Typically this is a
trunnion carrying a rotary table. The machine axes zero position is located at the intersection of rotary axes. Your part is located in Mastercam relative to the machine zero
position. The rotary components are shown in red in the following images.
Table/Table configuration
HEAD/TABLE MACHINE 9
Head/Table Machine
A head/table machine has one rotary on the table and the other on the spindle. They
operate independently of each other. The table could be comprised of a trunnion or
simply a rotary attached to the table. The machine axis zero is located at the intersection of the rotary axes. Your part is located in Mastercam relative to the machine zero
position, as in the table/table configuration. The rotary components are shown in red
in the following images.
Head/Table configuration
HEAD/HEAD MACHINE 11
Head/Head Machine
A head/head machine has both rotary axes connected and attached to the spindle.
The machine axis zero is typically located on the face of the spindle. The origin is
shown on the table in the second image as this is where the spindle face lies when all
axes are set to zero. The rotary components are shown in red in the following images.
Head/Head configuration
These are the basic arrangements of multiaxis machines. Be aware that multiaxis
machines may be as simple as a single rotary for 4-axis work, or as complex as having
five axes and a nutating head. No matter how the machine is configured, the inputs for
a good toolpath follow the same pattern from machine to machine. Continue on to
Lesson 2 to learn about the necessary controls for creating an efficient multiaxis toolpath.
L ES S O N 2
2
Cut Pattern
Tool Axis Control
Tool Tip Control
Effective use of these controls is the deciding factor in your ability to create efficient
toolpaths for your particular machine. This tutorial starts you on the path to becoming
a more effective programmer. However, there is no substitute for experience and
knowing your machines capabilities.
Cut Pattern
What do you want the tool to follow? The answer is the cut pattern. Selecting a toolpath family is the initial phase of establishing the cut pattern. Different toolpath families vary the type of geometry allowed for the cut pattern. Geometry selection can
range from a contour or chain, to a surface edge or edges, and on through single or
multiple surfaces or solids. Below are two examples of cut pattern selections.
Curve
Surface
In addition to the geometry selected for the toolpath, cut pattern includes such
parameters as:
Subsequent lessons and tutorials cover cut pattern options in more detail.
From point
Toolpath family and toolpath type determine which tool axis controls you can access.
Some examples of the controls available include:
Click the Help button in Mastercam to find further details on the available options and
their function.
2 Tool axis vectors are created at each position based on the tool axis control
settings.
3 Depth along the tool axis is applied based on the tip compensation method.
TIP: Use the method depicted above when you have very complicated,
or less than perfect, part geometry. The clean core geometry is used to
generate the cut pattern and tool axis control vectors. Tip control is then
used to cut the outer surfaces with much cleaner motion.
The three controls described above form the core of all your multiaxis toolpaths. Additional refinement is added through collision control, linking, tool selection, and more.
Building confidence with these controls will greatly ease and enhance your ability to
generate efficient multiaxis toolpaths. Continue on to Lesson 3 to see how these
controls are an integral part of the multiaxis workflow within Mastercam.
L ES S O N 3
3
Mastercams Multiaxis toolpath interface follows the familiar tree-style layout. You
progress through the pages of the tree, make the necessary selections, enter appropriate parameters, and generate your toolpath. Viewing the process in simplified terms
helps to lessen the complexity of creating a multiaxis toolpath.
Begin the toolpath creation process by selecting an appropriate machine definition.
This applies to all toolpath types in Mastercam. After selecting a machine definition
that supports multiaxis movement, choose a Multiaxis toolpath. The following image
shows the starting point for a Curve toolpath.
Multiaxis toolpaths are divided into two toolpath families, Pattern and Application.
Each toolpath family contains different toolpath types. Selecting the most efficient
type will come from experience and usage. For now, you focus on the general workflow rather than specific applications.
Complete the remaining pages in the tree if necessary. Additional parameters include
linking information (how the tool moves when not in contact with material) and
roughing options. The Additional Settings branch provides pages that generally do not
need to be touched for multiaxis programming. Review them, and click Help if you
want to know details about these pages. Continue on to Lesson 4 to begin creating a
multiaxis Curve toolpath.
L ES S O N 4
4
Experience with design and toolpath creation is assumed at this point of the tutorial.
Detailed steps on such actions as selecting a machine definition, changing the
graphics view or construction plane, or making levels visible, are not provided. Please
review the Introduction to Mastercam tutorial before continuing if you are not familiar
with these concepts.
Lesson Goals
Open a part file and assign a machine definition.
Create a Multiaxis Curve toolpath.
Backplot the toolpath.
preferred method:
Double-click Mastercams
desktop icon.
Or
d Click OK.
3 Open the part file Curve_Toolpath, which was provided with the tutorial.
4 If not already loaded, select the default Mill metric machine definition.
NOTE: The default machine definition has rotary axes defined that allow
multiaxis toolpaths. Load the machine definition of your choice as long
as it supports 5-axis motion.
5 Set your graphics view to Isometric.
6 Activate shading if necessary.
7 Fit the geometry to the screen using [Alt+F1] or the Fit button on the View
tab.
8 Choose File, Save As, and save the part under a different file name. This
NC file name.
9 Click the Select points button next to 3D Curves to return to the graphics
10 Select the chain on the edge of the part as shown. The start position is not
important for the purpose of the tutorial. The chain should go in a clockwise
direction, regardless of the start point.
11 Click OK in the Chaining dialog box to return to the Cut Pattern page.
TIP: The radial offset value for this particular operation should equal the
tool radius. Use this field in a similar manner as a stock to leave. A value
equal to the tool radius is equivalent to zero stock to leave. Take advantage of this functionality for trimming operations.
13 Select Tool Axis Control from the tree view pane.
14 Choose To point from the Tool axis control drop-down selection.
15 Click the Select button to return to the graphics window for point selection.
TIP: Click in a field to see a progressive image on the right side of the
page. The image depicts what the field controls. Click Help for detailed
information on each field.
18 Select Collision Control from the tree view pane.
19 Set Vector depth to -10.0. The value allows the curve operation to trim the
part with the side of the tool, avoiding the ball portion at the tip.
The images below show how the difference between vector depth values
affects the toolpath.
Vector depth = 0.0
deselected.
box.
motion.
MACHINE SIMULATION 31
4 Use the simulation playback buttons to review the tool motion contained in
your operations. (If you do not see the part, click the Workpiece button,
which is located in the Simulation tabs Visibility drop-down.).)
You have now completed a basic multiaxis curve toolpath. Curve is generally used for
trimming operations. The motion is typically straightforward, making it an ideal toolpath for demonstrating some different tool axis control strategies and the effects they
can produce on the tool. Proceed to Lesson 5 to explore these strategies.
L ES S O N 5
5
Tool axis control is what separates multiaxis toolpaths from normal surface, chain, and
point toolpaths. The ability to manipulate the angle of the tool, relative to the cut
pattern, puts a great amount of control in your hands. The cut speed, finish quality,
and tool life can all be affected with tool axis control. Complete this lesson to gain
exposure with two additional tool axis control options for a multiaxis Curve toolpath.
Lesson Goals
Open a previously saved part.
Edit the operations parameters, specifically tool axis control.
Generate the toolpath and observe the tool motion.
The geometry on level 7 is used for tool axis control in this exercise.
6 In Toolpaths Manager, click
12 Select the chain as shown, and click OK in the Chaining dialog box
At this point in the lesson, take a moment to review the two operations created. Operation 1 uses To point for tool axis control. The tool is always pointing at the selected
point. Operation 2 uses Chain for tool axis control. The tool is always pointing from a
point on the chain, in this case, the closest point of the chain. The different options
create drastically different tool and machine motion. The edge of the part will also
have a different taper depending on the tool axis.
Toggle the toolpath display for the two operations so that they are both visible. Notice
the different tool angle around the entire part shown below. Backplot the operations
to see the different tool motion. Select both operations and run Machine Simulation as
in the previous lesson. A collision is reported for operation 2 before you even run the
simulation. This indicates that using the existing chain for tool axis control is not going
to work on this particular machine. This does not indicate a bad toolpath; only the fact
that this toolpath will not run on the selected machine.
5 Use the Levels Manager to make level 8:Tool axis lines visible. Turn off the
11 Click Select to open the Lines Tool Axis Control dialog box.
12 Click the Window select lines
13 Draw a selection window around the entire part. Only lines are selected.
14 Click OK in the Lines Tool Axis Control dialog box. You return to the Tool Axis
Control page.
Review the tool motion for operation 3. Observe how the tool axis lines up with each
line as it approaches that point in the toolpath. The axis transitions from alignment
with one line as it moves to the next. Use as many lines as necessary to achieve the
desired motion.
Use Backplot and Machine Simulation to review the tool and machine motion for all
three operations. The subtle differences in tool axis control put a great deal of power
in your hands for generating complex toolpaths. Tool axis control is a key element to
all multiaxis toolpaths, no matter which options are available on the page. Proceed to
Lesson 6 where you will create two Multiaxis Drill operations using two of the tool axis
control methods available for that toolpath type.
L ES S O N 6
6
Lesson Goals
Open a part file and assign a machine definition.
Create some Multiaxis Drill operations.
Backplot the operations.
NOTE: The default machine definition has rotary axes defined that allow
multiaxis toolpaths. Load the machine definition of your choice as long
as it supports 5-axis motion.
3 Set your graphics view to Isometric.
4 Activate shading if necessary.
5 Fit the geometry to the screen using [Alt+F1] or the Fit button.
6 Choose File, Save As, and save the part under a different file name. This
Multiaxis, Drill.
NC file name.
8 Select Peck Drill for the cycle and set the subsequent parameters.
points.
12 Click OK in the Drill Point Selection dialog box to return to the Cut Pattern
page.
selection.
surface.
Click Help for an explanation of the
different tip control options.
20 Click the Select comp surfaces button next to Compensation surface. The
graphics window.
tool list.
points.
NOTE: It is not necessary to select the lines, even though the entity type
is set to Points/Lines. The lines are automatically selected as long as they
end on the point.
11 Click OK in the Drill Point Selection dialog box to return to the Cut Pattern
page.
box.
motion.
You have now completed a multiaxis drill toolpath. While this is the simplest of the
multiaxis toolpaths, care must be taken when selecting geometry, tool axis control,
and tip control methods. The differences between the control methods are subtle but
can produce drastically different tool motion.
MASTERCAM RESOURCES 49
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have completed the Introduction to Multiaxis Toolpaths tutorial.
Now that you have mastered the skills in this tutorial, explore Mastercams other
features and functions.
You may be interested in other tutorials that we offer. The Mastercam tutorial series is
in continual development, and we will add modules as we complete them. Visit our
website, or select Help, Tutorials from the File tab to see the latest publications.
Mastercam Resources
Enhance your Mastercam experience by using the following resources:
Technical SupportCNC Softwares Technical Support department (860-8755006 or support@mastercam.com) is open Monday through Friday from 8:00
a.m. to 5:30 p.m. USA Eastern Standard Time.
become familiar with basic Mastercam features and functions. The Mastercam
tutorial series is in continual development, with new modules added as we
complete them. Visit our website, or select Tutorials from the Help menu to
see the latest publications.
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