THE UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

FINAL ASSESSMENT/EXAMINATIONS APRIL 2014

Course Code and Title: FLUD 2008 FLUID POWER
Programme:

National Engineering Technician Diploma Mechanical Engineering

Date and Time

16th April, 2014

1:00 4:00 pm

Duration: 3 Hours

PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN THIS

EXAMINATION
Instructions to Candidates
1.
2.
3.
4.

This paper has fifteen (15) pages and six (6) questions
You are required to answer ALL questions.
Your time allowed is 3 hours.
You must return the question paper along with your answer booklet to and other
writing paper to the Invigilator at the end of the examination.

Key Examination Protocol

1. Students please note that academic dishonesty (or cheating) includes but is not limited to
plagiarism, collusion, falsification, replication, taking unauthorised notes or devices into an
examination, obtaining an unauthorised copy of the examination paper, communicating or
trying to communicate with another candidate during the examination, and being a party to
impersonation in relation to an examination.
2. The above mentioned and any other actions which compromise the integrity of the academic
evaluation process will be fully investigated and addressed in accordance with UTTs
academic regulations.
3. Please be reminded that speaking without the Invigilators permission is NOT allowed.

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 1 of 15

1. Water at 80oC flows in the duct around the pipes at a rate of 6000 L/min. Heavy fuel oil at
25 oC flows in each pipe at a velocity of 1.5 m/s. Calculate:
a. The hydraulic radius for the water flow
b. The relative roughness of the duct, assuming steel construction
c. The friction factor for the pipes

(20marks)

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 2 of 15

2. Calculate the power supplied to the pump shown in the diagram below if its efficiency is 75
percent. Methyl alcohol at 25 oC is flowing at the rate of 72.0 m 3/ hr. The suction line is a
standard 4-in schedule 40 steel pipe, 20m long. The total length of 2-in schedule 40 steel
pipe in the discharge line is 300m. Assume that the entrance from reservoir 1 is through a
square-edged inlet and that the elbows are standard. The valve is fully open globe valve.
(20marks)
Take all friction factors as f = 0.020

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 3 of 15

3. Draw, using standard symbols, a diagram to show how the following items would be
connected in a hydraulic circuit
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Electric motor
Reservoir
Pressure gauge
Pressure relief valve
Hydraulic pump
3 position, 4 way, closed centre, spring centered solenoid operated DCV
Hydraulic motor.
(10 marks)

4. A hydrostatic transmission, operating at 70 bars pressure, has the following

characteristics:
Pump
VD = 82 cm3
v = 82%
m = 88%
N = 500 rpm

Motor
VD = ?
v = 92%
m = 90%
N = 400 rpm

Find the
a. Displacement of the motor
b. Motor output torque
(20 marks)

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 4 of 15

5.

The clamp and press operation below uses two Sequence Valves to ensure that
The clamp cylinder extends fully before the press cylinder moves
The press cylinder retracts fully before the clamp retracts

Analyze the circuit above and answer the following

(a) What would happen if a dent in the press cylinder prevented complete retraction?
Assume the sequence valves are functioning properly
(b) The clamp cylinder extends and clamps the work-piece in place, but the press cylinder
will not move. What is probably wrong?
(c) How would you expect this system to behave if a large piece of contamination caused the
relief valve to stick wide open?
(10 marks)

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 5 of 15

6. A pump supplied oil at 0.0016m3/s to a 40-mm-diameter double-acting hydraulic cylinder. If

the total load is 5000N (extending and retracting) and the rod diameter is 20 mm, find
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

The hydraulic pressure during the extending stroke

The piston velocity during the extending stroke
The cylinder kW power during the extending stroke
The hydraulic pressure during the retraction stroke
The piston velocity during the retraction stroke
The cylinder kW power during the retraction stroke.
(20 marks)

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 6 of 15

FLUID POWER
FLUD 2008
FORMULAE SHEET
PUMPS
QT (gpm) = {VD (in3/rev) x N (rpm)}/ 231
QT (m3/min) = VD (m3/rev) x N (rpm)
TT (in.lb) = {VD (in3) x p (psi)}/2
TT (Nm) = {VD (m3) x p (Pa)}/2
TA (in.lb) = {Actual HP delivered to pump x 63000}/ N (rpm)
TA (Nm) = {Actual power delivered to pump (W)}/ N (rad/s)
m= { p(psi) x QT(gpm)} /1714
{TA (in.lb) x N (rpm)} /63000
m= p(Pa) x QT(m3/s)
TA (Nm) x N (rad/s)
o= actual power delivered by pump (hydraulic power)
actual power delivered to pump (brake power)
o= p(psi) QA(gpm) /1714
TA(in.lb)N(rpm) /63000
o= p(Pa) QA(m3/s)
TA(Nm)N(rad/s)
v= QA/QT

m= TT/TA

o = m x v

MOTORS
QT (gpm) = {VD (in3/rev) x N (rpm)}/ 231
QT (m3/s) = VD (m3/rev) x N (rps)
TT (in.lb) = {VD (in3) x p (psi)}/2
TT (Nm) = {VD (m3) x p (Pa)}/2
TA (in.lb) = {Actual HP delivered by motor x 63000}/ N (rpm)
TA (Nm) = {Actual power delivered by motor (W)}/ N (rad/s)
The University of Trinidad & Tobago
April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 7 of 15

HPT = {TT (in.lb) x N (rpm)}/ 63000

MOTORS (Contd)
Power (W) = TT (Nm) x N (rad/s)
v= QT /QA

m= TA/TT

o = m v

o= actual power delivered by motor (brake power)

actual power delivered to motor (hydraulic power)
o= TA(in.lb)N(rpm) /63000
p(psi) QA(gpm) /1714
o= TA(Nm)N(rad/s)
p(Pa) QA(m3/s)

CYLINDERS
Vp ext (ft/s) = Qin (ft3/s) /Ap (ft2)
Vp ext (m/s) = Qin (m3/s) /Ap (m2)
Fext (lb) = p (psi) x Ap (in2)
Fext (N) = p (Pa) x Ap (m2)
Vp ret (ft/s) = Qin (ft3/s) / (Ap Ar) (ft2)
Vp ret (m/s) = Qin (m3/s) / (Ap Ar) (m2)
Fret (lb) = p (psi) x (Ap Ar)( in2)
Fret (N) = p (Pa) x (Ap Ar) (m2)
HP = {Vp (ft/s) x F (lb)}/ 550
Power (kW) = Vp (m/s) x F (kN)

CONVERSIONS
1 rpm = 2/60 rad/s
1 hp = 746 W
1 hp = 550 ft.lb/s
1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa
The University of Trinidad & Tobago
April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 8 of 15

1 ft3/s = 449 gpm

FORMULA SHEET
Fluid flow & Bernoullis equation
Volume flow rate Q = A x V
Bernoullis Equation in terms of head (m): p1/ + v12/2g + z1 = p2/ + v22/2g + z2
General Energy equation
General energy equation: p1/ + v12/2g + z1 + hA hR - hL= p2/ + v22/2g + z2
Power added to fluid by pump = PA = hAQ
Mechanical efficiency eM = power required by pump/Power input to pump eM = PA/PI
Reynolds Number, Laminar & Turbulent flow
Reynolds number, NR= VD/ or NR= VD/, where D is diameter
For non-circular sections, Hydraulic Radius, R = Area/Wetted Perimeter
Where D 4R
Laminar flow in pipes, friction factor f= 64/NR
0.25
Turbulent flow in pipes, friction factor f=
1
5.74 2
[log(

)]
3.7( D / ) N R 0.9
Relative roughness = D/
Darcys equation hL= f (Lv2/2Dg)
Minor losses
Exit loss : From a pipe to a large tank:
hL= 1.0(v12/2g)
Entrance loss: From a large tank into a pipe:
hL= K(v22/2g)
(see table for K)
Resistance Coefficients for Valves & Fittings
Loss is given by hL = fT x (Le/D) x (v2/ 2g) where K = fT x (Le/D)
(See table for fT, Le/D)

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 9 of 15

 The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

Page 10 of 15

 The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

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 The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

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 The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

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 The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

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Tables and graphs taken from Applied Fluid Mechanics by RL Mott, Sixth Edition

The University of Trinidad & Tobago

April/May 2014 Final Examinations
(FLUD 2008)

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