Richmond

Natural Science 2 is a collective work, conceived, designed

and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.

WRITER
Caroline Cooke

PRIMARY

Natural Science

MANAGING EDITOR
Sheila Tourle
PROJECT EDITOR
Geona Edwards
EDITOR
Vassilia Katte
PROOFREADING
Jane Drummond
James Price
ILLUSTRATIONS
Juanjo Barco
Mercedes Rodrguez-Piero

Contents
Natural Science Syllabus

Unit

1 We are all different

People and health

Parts of the body

Everybody is different

People and health

The five senses

Bones and joints

People and health

What we need to live

Respiration

Living things

Living things and non-living things

Parts of a plant

Living things

Vertebrates and invertebrates

Mammals and birds

Living things

Living things are different

What is an ecosystem?
Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

Matter and energy

Natural and man-made materials

Properties of materials

Matter and energy

Forces
Types of forces
Gravity

Technology, objects and machines

Types of machines
Machines and jobs
Machines: past and present

2 The senses

and movement

3 Nutrition
4 Plants
5 Animals

12

22

32

42

6 Ecosystems
52

7 Materials

62

8 Forces and
energy

72

9 Machines
82
FINAL REVISION

Project: A medicinal plant book

Atlas of the human body
The three Rs

two

Topics

Topics
We grow, we change

Songs

Know how to
Resolve a conflict

Expressing feelings

Muscles

Plan an exercise routine

Whats inside your body?

Whats good to eat?

A healthy diet

Complete a healthy diet

questionnaire

Types of plants

Describe a plant

Everywhere you look

Identify animal tracks

The wonderful world of animals

Looking after your body

Digestion

How plants reproduce

Reptiles, amphibians and fish

Life cycle

Invertebrates and insects

Life in ecosystems

Study an ecosystem

People and ecosystems

Weight and volume

Do a scientific experiment

Lets make something

Identify forces

How does it work?

Materials change
Energy and energy sources
Sound

Computers

Explain how a torch works

The Internet

three

Ecosystems
forest

beach

rocks

seabed

What animals can you see in the forest?

KNOW HOW TO

What animals can you see in the water?

How many seagulls are flying?

FINAL TASK

Where is the coral, on the land or in the sea?

Study an ecosystem.

SPEAKING. Tell your partner about a seaside

place you know. What animals live there?

52

fifty-two

Living things are different

1

Look at the picture and classify the living things.

rabbit

pine trees
seagulls

lynx
jellyfish

dolphin
fish

in the forest
on the beach and rocks
in the sea
2

What do all living things need? Choose and complete the sentence.

food

ice

water

salt

sunlight

fire

air

Al livin@ thing >e

.
3

Different living things live in different places. Where do these

animals live? Write.

a river

a desert

A
A
A
A

a forest

the sea

dolphi> li i>
lyn
cae
crocodi

.
.
.
.

Living things are different and have different needs because they live
in different places.

fifty-three

53

What is an ecosystem?
ecosystem

There are many different natural

areas on our planet, for example
forests, deserts and lakes. Each
different area is an ecosystem.
An ecosystem is made up of:

Living things. These include all
the animals and plants.

non-living things

living things

Non-living things. These include

the soil, the air, the rocks and
water.

Some ecosystems, such as jungles, are very big. Other ecosystems,

such as ponds, are small.
jungle

54

pond

WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Look at the jungle and the pond. What living
things can you see? What non-living things can you see?

fifty-four

6
2

Look at this ecosystem and write.

living things

non-living things

Write T (true) or F (false).

6.1

An ecosystem is made up of living things and non-living things.

An ecosystem only includes animals and plants.
Plants are part of the non-living things in an ecosystem.
There are many different ecosystems on Earth.
4

Which animals live in this ecosystem? Look and circle.

North Pole

An ecosystem is made up of living things and non-living things.

fifty-five

55

Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

There are two types of ecosystems: terrestrial ecosystems
and aquatic ecosystems.

Terrestrial ecosystems

In forests, trees provide

shelter and food for the
animals.

Grasslands are big, flat

grassy areas. Many
herbivores live there.

In deserts there is little

rain, so not many living
things live there.

Aquatic ecosystems

Saltwater ecosystems are

in seas and oceans.

56

Freshwater ecosystems are

in rivers and lakes.

WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Choose one of the ecosystems. What living
things live there? What non-living things can you see?

fifty-six

6
2

What type of ecosystem is it? Write terrestrial or aquatic.

Which ecosystem do these animals live in? Write.

whale

dromedary

water buffalo

6.2

octopus

wildebeest

desert

sea

grassland

scorpion

IN YOUR NOTEBOOK. What ecosystems are there near where you live?
Write the living and non-living things you can find there.

There are two types of ecosystems: terrestrial ecosystems, such as forests

and deserts, and aquatic ecosystems, such as seas and rivers.

fifty-seven

57

Life in ecosystems
Living things in ecosystems depend on each other for food. For example,
rabbits eat grass and foxes eat rabbits. These living things form
a food chain.

grass

rabbit

fox

Living things in an ecosystem join

together to help each other.
For example, wildebeest travel
together in a group to protect each
other from lion attacks.

People and ecosystems

Some people can damage
ecosystems. They cut down trees.
They leave rubbish on the ground.
They pollute the air and water.
Some people look after ecosystems.
They protect animals in danger
ofextinction. They plant trees
and recycle rubbish.

58

GROUP WORK. Which animals are in danger of extinction in your region?

Make a poster to show the class.

fifty-eight

6
2

Look at the food chain and answer the questions.

What does the eagle eat?

What does the snake eat?

What does the mouse eat?

Are these animals carnivores or herbivores? Write.

snake

mouse
eagle
3

How can we protect ecosystems? Tick () the good actions

and cross out () the bad actions.

We can cut down the trees.

We can look after the animals living there.
We can light fires.
We can take away our rubbish.
We can plant trees.
We can build houses.

Living things in an ecosystem depend on each other. People should

protect and look after ecosystems.

fifty-nine

59

KNOW HOW TO

Study an ecosystem

Look at this ecosystem and write.

living things

non-living things
2

What kind of ecosystem is it? Tick ().

a forest

a desert

grassland

Look at the picture and write an example of a food chain.

What problem is there in this ecosystem? Read and circle.

There is not much water / sunlight. The animals and plants

can / cannot live without it.

60

sixty

6
REVISION
1

What do all living things need? Write.

Read and complete the text.

food

living

shelter

An ecosystem is made up of

non-living

and

things. The living things depend on each other for

and
3

Name these ecosystems.

SHOW YOUR SKILLS

4

Choose one of these activities:

A.
Make a poster about
a protected natural area
where you live.

B.
Search the Internet for information
about savannahs. What type of
ecosystem are they?

sixty-one

61