Introduction:

In this activity we learn about the electronic configuration and its relationship
to the modern periodic table. For example, the atom has both positive and
negative electrical charges to the load zero today elements in the periodic
table are arranged in order to form its mass, electrons, neutrons and protons.
First it is said that hydrogen has the electronic arrangement or electronic
configuration 1s. This will see in this issue and how the ranking works.

Content:
In the early nineteenth century John Dalton studied how the various
elements are combined together to form chemical compounds. Although
many other scientists, starting with the ancient Greeks, had claimed as the
smallest units of a substance were atoms, is considered to Dalton as one of
the most significant figures of atomic theory because it became something
quantitative. Dalton developed a scientific model and made a number of
assumptions concerning the nature of atoms, which highlighted the mass as
a fundamental atomic property.
For scientists in 1900, taking as a basis the experiments with cathode rays,
positive rays and, in general, the relationship between matter and electricity,
it was clear the need to revise the atomic model proposed by Dalton.
The discovery of the electron by John Thomson, British physicist, and
channels called rays or positive rays, which can be observed as a fine beam
of light behind a discharge tube with the perforated cathode, led to the
conclusion that the atom I could not be a rigid sphere of characteristic
material for each element, as Dalton had naively supposed, but should have
a structure.
Although the new atomic model and explained the matter regarding
electricity, missing the fundamentals of chemical combination explained by
Dalton in his atomic theory.
The model proposed by Thomson considered the atom as a sphere of
positively charged mass and on which float the electrons, just as the grapes
are, raisins or prunes on a cake.
To explain the structure of the atom, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr
developed in 1913 known as the Bohr atomic theory hypothesis. Bohr
assumed that electrons are arranged in defined layers or quantum levels, at
a considerable distance from the core. The arrangement of the electron is

called electron configuration. The number of electrons equals the atomic

number of the atom: hydrogen has a single orbital electron
All inert or noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon)
have filled their outer electron shell. Not chemically combined in nature,
although the three noble gases heavier (krypton, xenon and radon) may form
chemical compounds in the laboratory. Furthermore, the outer layers of the
elements as lithium, sodium or potassium contain only one electron. These
elements combine easily with other elements (transferring to its outermost
electron) to form numerous chemical compounds. Equivalently, to elements
such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine lack only an electron so that its outer
layer is complete. also they combine easily with other elements that get
electrons.

Quantum model:
The current model of the atom based on quantum mechanics wave, which is
based on four quantum numbers, which can be described by an electron in
an atom.
The development of this theory during the 1920s is the result of
contributions from leading scientists including Einstein, Planck (1858-1947),
de Broglie, Bohr (1885-1962), Schrdinger (1887-1961) and Heidelberg.

Principal quantum number (n)

It represents the energy levels. It is designated positive integers from n = 1
to n = 7 for known elements.
To calculate the maximum number of electrons that accepts each level is
calculated using the formula 2n where "n" is the level. The value of "n"
determines the effective volume.

Specifically, it is also considered quantum mechanics, the part of herself that

does not incorporate relativity in its formalism, just as added by
perturbaciones.1 The theory of quantum mechanics that does incorporate
elements of formal relativistic and various problems, relativistic quantum or
as mechanics, more accurate and powerful way, quantum field theory (which
includes turn to quantum electrodynamics, chromium dynamics and
quantum theory electro weak in the standard model) 2 and more generally,
the quantum field theory in curved space-time. The only interaction that has
not been able to quantify the gravitational interaction.
Quantum mechanics is the basis of studies of the atom, its nucleus and
elementary particles (the relativistic approach being necessary). Also in
information theory, cryptography and chemistry. Techniques derived from the
application of quantum mechanics imply greater or lesser extent, 30 percent
of US GDP.

Conclusion:
It has evolved a lot quantum or atomic science from the first atomic model
that was thought to be like a raisin cake electrons and protons were random
mind scattered by the atom like a cake of raisins, evolved the way we see
the electron as it was being more credible and easier to understand, since
after they created the atomic model as an energy sphere where positively
charged electrons float.
They are assumed that atoms had floated layers in which the electrons.
In the periodic table it is observed in an atomic order defined ordered family
mass material etc. Where as they are arranged is not random since each has
an atomic number and atomic mass, with these characteristics is where
electrons, neutrons and protons these are what help to classify the elements
in the periodic table are obtained.

BIBLIOGRAFIAS:
Sherman, A., Sherman, S. J., y Russikoff L. Modelos
Atomicos
(http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/93_iniciacion_inter
activa_materia/curso/materiales/atomo/modelos.htm)(2006)
Chang, R., y Collegue, W. Modelos cunticos
(http://www.portaleducativo.net/primero-medio/29/numerocuantico) (2002). Colombia: McGraw-Hill
Spencer, J. N., Bodner, G. M., y Rickard, L. H. Numeros
Cuanticos (http://quimica1m.blogspot.mx/p/configuracionelectronica.html) (2000). Mxico: CECSA.