Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Instituto Ludwig Von Mises Brasil
Instituto Ludwig Von Mises Brasil
http://www.mises.org.br
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1RLQtFLRGHVWDVHPDQD
IRPRVEULQGDGRVFRP
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DILUPDQGRHQWUHRXWUDV
FRLVDVTXHSHVVRDV
GRPXQGRSRVVXHPD
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PHWDGHGDSRSXODomR
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UHODWyULR
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QmRpGLItFLOLPDJLQDUFRPRXPFLGDGmRPpGLRUHDJLULDDWDOQRWtFLDSURYDYHOPHQWH
FRQGHQDQGRDFKDPDGDGHVLJXDOGDGHVHPHQWHQGHURXGLIHUHQFLDURVGLYHUVRVIDWRUHVTXHFRQWULEXHP
SDUDDPHVPDRXVHTXHUVHSHUJXQWDUVHHODpDOJRUHOHYDQWHSDUDTXDOTXHUDVSHFWRGHVXDTXDOLGDGH
GHYLGD
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GHVLJXDOGDGHHFRQ{PLFDDWUDSDOKDRSUySULRFUHVFLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFR$VHQKRUD%\DQ\LPD
SURYDYHOPHQWHWHPVDXGDGHGDVDOWDVWD[DVGHFUHVFLPHQWRTXHD8QLmR6RYLpWLFDUHJLVWUDYDWRGRVRV
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UHWXPEDQWHVXFHVVRHFRQ{PLFRQDPRELOLGDGHVRFLDOGRVPDLVSREUHV
(QTXDQWRLVVRQRPXQGRUHDOHVWDPRVSHUWRGHHUUDGLFDUDSREUH]DPXQGLDOSHODSULPHLUDYH]QD
KLVWyULDGDKXPDQLGDGH:DOWHU:LOOLDPVQRVUHFRUGDTXHDSREUH]DpIiFLOGHVHUH[SOLFDGDGLItFLO
PDVQmRSDUDXPDXVWUtDFRpHQWHQGHUDVFDXVDVGDSURVSHULGDGHHFRPRRVHUKXPDQRDRDJLU
SRVLWLYDPHQWHHPEXVFDGHVHXVSUySULRVREMHWLYRVEHQHILFLDWRGRVRVRXWURV
3RUTXHSXQLUDTXHOHVTXHFRQVHJXLUDPID]HUVXDVIRUWXQDVSHORWUDEDOKRGHVXDVSUySULDVPmRV"
&RPRPRVWUDHVWHKLOiULRLQIRJUiILFRGRVLWHSRSJDJEDVHDGRHPGDGRVGD%ORRPEHUJQDGDPHQRV
TXHGDVSHVVRDVPDLVULFDVGRPXQGRVmRVHOIPDGHELOOLRQDLUHVRXVHMDVRPHQWHGRV
PDLVULFRVGRPXQGRDVVLPRVmRSRUTXHKHUGDUDPXPDIRUWXQD2VGHPDLVWUDEDOKDUDPSRUFRQWD
SUySULDSDUDFKHJDURQGHFKHJDUDP
$LQGDPDLVLQWHUHVVDQWHGHOHVHUDPILOKRVGHSDLVTXHYLYLDPQDSREUH]DHVHTXHUWLYHUDPXP
GLSORPDQD8QLYHUVLGDGH
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H[LVWH3DUDWRGRVRVSODQHMDGRUHVFHQWUDLVGRVSRVLWLYLVWDVDRVFRPXQLVWDVQD]LVWDVVRFLDOLVWDVH
DPELHQWDOLVWDVH[LVWHVHPSUHXPDIyUPXOD~QLFDGHDFRUGRFRPDTXDODVRFLHGDGHGHYHVHU
GHVHQKDGD(RPHOKRUWDOIyUPXODGDUiFHUWRPHVPRTXHWHQKDTXHVHULPSODQWDGDjIRUoD&RPR
DOJXpPFRQVHJXHILFDUVHTXHUHPG~YLGDDRGHVFREULUTXHWRGRVRVUHJLPHVVRFLDOLVWDV
LQHYLWDYHOPHQWHWrPGHVHUWRWDOLWiULRV"
(QWUHWDQWRDLQGDTXHSDUDXPDQDOLVWDQDWUDGLomRGD(VFROD$XVWUtDFDDVVXJHVW}HVHDVFRQFOXV}HVGD
2[IDPSDUHoDPWmRHFRQRPLFDPHQWHLQFRHUHQWHVUHVROYLFRQYHUVDUFRPXPHFRQRPLVWDFRPIRFRHP
SUHSDUHPVHHFRQRPHWULD
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+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\SHVTXLVDGRUFKHIHGR,QVWLWXWR0HUFDGR3RSXODUHDQDOLVWDGHLQVWLWXLo}HV
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9DPRVDREDWHSDSR
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SHOD2[IDP
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WHPGDGRVVREUHRVHVWRTXHVGHULTXH]DXPDYH]TXHRTXHVHWD[DQRUPDOPHQWHpDUHQGDHQmRD
ULTXH]D(VVHIDWROLPLWDDFRQILDELOLGDGHGDVHVWDWtVWLFDVVREUHDULTXH]D
6HJXQGRRUHODWyULRGD&UHGLW6XLVVHVRPHQWHSDtVHVWrPHVWLPDWLYDVFRPSOHWDVGHULTXH]DGRVHWRU
SULYDGRFRQKHFLGDVFRPRKRXVHKROGEDODQFHVKHHWV2XWURVSDtVHVWrPGDGRVSDUFLDLV
GHWDOKDQGRDULTXH]DILQDQFHLUDPDVQmRDULTXH]DQmRILQDQFHLUDGRVHWRUSULYDGRQRV(8$D
ULTXH]DQmRILQDQFHLUDLPyYHLVPDTXLQiULRVHWFpGHFHUFDGHGDULTXH]DWRWDORTXHVLJQLILFD
TXHLJQRUDUDSDUWHQmRILQDQFHLUDpLJQRUDUERDSDUWHGDUHDOLGDGH
3DUDRVRXWURVSDtVHVGRHVWXGRRVHFRQRPLVWDVGD&UHGLW6XLVVHIL]HUDPH[WUDSRODo}HVTXHQmR
VmRLQ~WHLVPDVWrPVXDVOLPLWDo}HVMiTXHQmRWUD]HPLQIRUPDo}HVFRPSOHWDV
2UHODWyULRRULJLQDOGD&UHGLW6XLVVHWHPYiULRVSUREOHPDVDOpPGRPHQFLRQDGRDFLPD(QWUHHOHV
DQmRLQFOXLULTXH]DLQIRUPDODVFDVDVQDVIDYHODVHEDLUURVSREUHVEUDVLOHLURVSRUH[HPSORTXH
PXLWDVYH]HVYDOHPGH]HQDVGHPLOKDUHVGHUHDLVDSHVDUGHQmRVHUHPIRUPDOL]DGRVFRPXPWtWXOR
HVWDWDOULTXH]DHVWDTXHRHFRQRPLVWD+HUQDQGRGH6RWRHVWLPDHPFHUFDGHWULOK}HVGHGyODUHV
HEQmRLQFOXLULTXH]DLPSOtFLWDFRPRDTXHODSUHYLVWDSRUVLVWHPDVGHVHJXULGDGHVRFLDOGRVSDtVHV
ULFRVTXHVHIRVVHPDGPLQLVWUDGRVSULYDGDPHQWHVHULDPSDUWHGHSRXSDQoDGRVFLGDGmRV
2SUySULRUHODWyULRGD&UHGLW6XLVVHGL]TXHRHVWXGRVREUHDULTXH]DJOREDOHVWiHPVXDLQIkQFLD1D
PHOKRUGDVKLSyWHVHVHVVDVHVWLPDWLYDVVmRSRXFRFRQILiYHLVHGHYHPVHUWRPDGDVFRPEDVWDQWH
FXLGDGR
2VHJXQGRSUREOHPDpGHRUGHPFRQFHLWXDO(OHVXWLOL]DPRFRQFHLWRGHULTXH]DOtTXLGDRXVHMD
SDWULP{QLRPHQRVGtYLGDV6HJXQGRHVVDPHWRGRORJLDVHYRFrWLUDUXPUHDOGREROVRHGHUSDUDVHX
VREULQKRGHGH]DQRVHOHYDLWHUXPDULTXH]DPDLRUGRTXHELOK}HVGHSHVVRDVVRPDGDV6LPVHX
VREULQKRLQVWDQWDQHDPHQWHSDVVDDVHUXPPDJQDWDFRPPDLVULTXH]DTXHELOK}HVGHSHVVRDVMXQWDV
&RPRLVVRpSRVVtYHO"3RUTXHDPHWRGRORJLDFRQVLGHUDDULTXH]DOtTXLGDRXVHMDSDWULP{QLRPHQRV
GtYLGDVGDVSHVVRDV(ELOK}HVGHSHVVRDVWHQGRGtYLGDWrPULTXH]DQHJDWLYD
$OJXpPTXHVHIRUPRXHP+DUYDUGYLYHQXPDSDUWDPHQWRGHFREHUWXUDHP1RYD<RUNHJDQKD
PLOGyODUHVSRUDQRPDVWHPPLOGyODUHVHPGtYLGDVHVWXGDQWLVpPDLVSREUHGRTXHXPFDPSRQrV
LQGLDQRTXHWHPXPDELFLFOHWDYLYHFRPXPGyODUSRUGLDHQmRWHPGtYLGD
1mRLPSRUWDVHRFDUDGH+DUYDUGJDVWDFHQWHQDVGHGyODUHVWRPDQGR0F&DOODKDQ
VDQRVWRGDVDV
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$LQGDVHJXQGRHVVDPHWRGRORJLDTXDQGRYRFrFRPSUDXPMDWLQKRYRFrVHWRUQDLPHGLDWDPHQWHPDLV
SREUH&RPR"9RFrDFDEDGHDVVXPLUXPDGtYLGDGHPLOK}HVGHGyODUHVLQFOXLQGRMXURVH
DGTXLULXXPSDWULP{QLRGHYDORUGHPHUFDGRGHXQVPLOK}HVGHGyODUHV/RJRYRFrHVWiPLOK}HV
GHGyODUHVPDLVSREUH
3DUDD2[IDPTXHPYLDMDGHMDWLQKRXVDQGRILQDQFLDPHQWRpPDLVSREUHGRTXHTXHPYLDMDGH{QLEXV
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$9RFrDFUHGLWDTXHRHVWDGRFDXVDGHVLJXDOGDGHGHUHQGD"
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%UDVLODHVWUXWXUDWULEXWiULDSRUVHUH[FHVVLYDPHQWHSUHYDOHQWHHPLPSRVWRVVREUHRFRQVXPRTXH
LQFLGHPGHVSURSRUFLRQDOPHQWHVREUHRVPDLVSREUHVMiTXHHVWHVHPJHUDOFRQVRPHPXPDSDUWH
PDLRUGHVXDUHQGDFRQWULEXLSDUDDXPHQWDUDGHVLJXDOGDGH$OpPGLVVRGLYHUVDVSROtWLFDV
HVSHFtILFDVEHQHILFLDPGLUHWDPHQWHRVPDLVULFRV
2%1'(6FRQFHGHHPSUpVWLPRVDMXURVVXEVLGLDGRVHHPVHXSRUWIyOLRDLPHQVDPDLRULDGHVHXV
EHQHILFLiULRVVmRDTXHODVHPSUHVDVFRPIDWXUDPHQWRPDLRUTXHPLOK}HVGHUHDLVSRUDQR$OpP
GLVVRSROtWLFDVFRPRXQLYHUVLGDGHVHVWDWDLVILQDQFLDGDVSRULPSRVWRVIXQFLRQDPFRPRWUDQVIHUrQFLD
GHUHQGDSDUDRVPDLVULFRVHDMXGDPDSHUSHWXDUDVGHVLJXDOGDGHV+LVWRULFDPHQWHQmRpPXLWRGLItFLO
YHUFRPRRJRYHUQRHPGLYHUVDVLQVWkQFLDVWUDQVIHULXGLQKHLURGHSREUHVSDUDULFRVeVySHQVDUQR
FDVRPDLVH[SOtFLWRGHVVHFRPSRUWDPHQWRTXDQGRRJRYHUQRHPSOHQD*UDQGH'HSUHVVmRFRPSURX
FDIpGRVJUDQGHVDJULFXOWRUHVHTXHLPRXRVJUmRVPDQWHURSUHoRGRFDIpDOWRQRVPHUFDGRV
HFRQ{PLFDVFRRSHUHPSDUDPDQWHUVHXVSULYLOpJLRVpUHWLUDQGRRSRGHUSROtWLFRGDVPmRVGHODVH
GHVFHQWUDOL]DQGRDVGHFLV}HVQDVPmRVGDVRFLHGDGHSRUPHLRGRVLVWHPDGHSUHoRV6HPSUHTXH
SROtWLFRVWLYHUHPPXLWRSRGHURVULFRVWHUmRLQFHQWLYRVSDUDFRPSUiORV(QDPHGLGDHPTXH
WLYHUPRVXPDHFRQRPLDGHVFHQWUDOL]DGDHGLQkPLFDDVHYHQWXDLVGHVLJXDOGDGHVGHUHVXOWDGRV
SURYDYHOPHQWHQmRVHUmRSHUFHELGDVFRPRLQMXVWDVSHODPDLRULDGDSRSXODomRSRLVVHULDDWDO
GHVLJXDOGDGHERDPHQFLRQDGDDQWHULRUPHQWH
'XUDQWHWRGDDGpFDGDGHDGHVLJXDOGDGHDXPHQWRXQRV(8$PDVSRXFRVHIDODYDVREUHLVVR
3RUTXr"3RUTXHDPDLRULDGDVSHVVRDVYLDVXDVYLGDVPHOKRUDUHPHODVWLQKDPPDLRUUHQGDH
FRQVXPLDPPDLV(ODVQmRVHVHQWLDPLQMXVWLoDGDVSHORSURFHVVRSROtWLFRHSHODIDOWDGHRSRUWXQLGDGHV
HFRQ{PLFDV
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DSURSULDGRVSRUXPDSDUFHODSHTXHQDGDSRSXODomRHODVVHUHYROWDP
2GHEDWHSRUWDQWRQmRUHVLGHQHFHVVDULDPHQWHHPQHJDUDH[LVWrQFLDGHGHVLJXDOGDGHVHPGLYHUVRV
SDtVHVHODGHIDWRHVWiDXPHQWDQGRPDVHPFRPRFDPLQKDUQDGLUHomRGHXPPRGHORTXHHYLWH
GHVLJXDOGDGHVLQMXVWDV
$9LYHPRVRPHOKRUPRPHQWRGDKXPDQLGDGHHPTXDOLGDGHGHYLGD3RUpP21*VFRPRD
2[IDPHQWUHRXWUDVWHQGHPDSURMHWDUXPDFDWiVWURIHDJLWDQGRSRUXPDPXGDQoDQRVLVWHPD
9RFrDFUHGLWDTXHRVLVWHPDHFRQ{PLFRJHUDOLQWHUQDFLRQDOSUHFLVDPXGDU"(HPFDVRSRVLWLYR
SDUDTXDOGLUHomR"
&*&HUWDPHQWHYLYHPRVQXPDHUDVHQVDFLRQDO$VSHUVSHFWLYDVpTXHWHVWHPXQKHPRVRILPGD
SREUH]DDEVROXWDQRGHFXUVRGDVQRVVDVYLGDV$OpPGLVVRDPRUWDOLGDGHLQIDQWLOHVWiFDLQGRD
H[SHFWDWLYDGHYLGDHVWiDXPHQWDQGRHDHVFRODULGDGHPpGLDGHPHQLQRVHPHQLQDVHVWiVXELQGR
GHQWUHPXLWRVRXWURVLQGLFDGRUHVVRFLDLVQDLPHQVDPDLRULDGRVSDtVHV%LOK}HVGHSHVVRDVVDtUDPGD
SREUH]DHFRPRRDXPHQWRQDUHQGDGHODVIRLPDLRUGRTXHQRVSDtVHVULFRVDGHVLJXDOGDGHWRWDOQR
PXQGRWHPFDtGR
0XLWDVGHVVDVPXGDQoDVVHLQWHQVLILFDUDPQRV~OWLPRVDQRVTXDQGRSDUWHVDQWHVUHPRWDVGR
PXQGRFRPRGLYHUVDVSDUWHVGDQGLDHGD&KLQDIRUDPLQWHJUDGDVjHFRQRPLDJOREDO$PXGDQoD
QHFHVViULDpXPDH[SDQVmRGHVVDLQWHJUDomRSDUDiUHDVTXHDLQGDHVWmRQRJpUPHQGHVVHSURFHVVR
FRPRDIULFD6XEVDDULDQD
([LVWHPGLYHUVRVSUREOHPDVUHFHQWHVGHH[DFHUEDomRGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVQRVSDtVHVGHVHQYROYLGRVH
pSRULVVRTXHHVWXGRVFRPRRVGD2[IDPWrPWDQWDUHSHUFXVVmR0DVQXPDSHUVSHFWLYDJOREDOQmR
KiG~YLGDVRPXQGRHVWiVHWRUQDQGRPDLVULFRPDLVMXVWRHPDLVLJXDO
ILPGDHQWUHYLVWD
$RVDEHUTXHQmRHUDPVyRVDXVWUtDFRVTXHFRQVLGHUDYDPRUHODWyULRXPGLVSDUDWHIXLGRUPLU
WUDQTXLOR$ILQDOGHFRQWDVDPDQKmSRVVRHQULTXHFHUXPDFULDQoDGRDQGRDHODDSHQDUXPGyODU
$HVTXHUGDFRQVHJXLXVHXREMHWLYRQXQFDVHUXPVDOYDGRUGDKXPDQLGDGHIRLWmRIiFLO