Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Signature
of
Head
Signature of External Examiner
School
Stamp
Of
Department
Acknowled
gement
I would like to expressmy sincere gratitudeto my
Chemistry mentor and Mrs.Bhartiforhervitalsupport
guidanceandencouragementwithoutwhichthisproject
wouldnothavecomeforthfrommyside.
Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartygratitudetothelab
assistantforhissupportduringthemakingofthisproject.
Iwouldliketothankmyparentsandfriendswhohave
helpedmewiththeirvaluablesuggestionsandguidance
hasbeenhelpfulinvariousphasesofthecompletionof
theproject.
Index
INTRODUCTION
ELECTROCHEMICAL MECHANISM
(Rusting) METHODS OF
PREVENTION OF CORROSION AIM
MATERIALS
REQUIRED
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
ASSOCIATED
REACTIONS
CONCLUSI
ON
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Metalsandalloysundergorustingand
corrosion.Theprocessbywhichsomemetals
whenexposedtoatmosphericconditioni.e.,
moistair,carbondioxideformundesirable
compoundsonthesurfaceisknownas
corrosion,Thecompoundsformedareusually
oxides.Rustingisalsoatypeofcorrosionbut
thetermisrestrictedtoironorproductsmade
fromit.Ironiseasilypronetorustingmaking
itssurfacerough.Chemically,rustisahydrated
ferricoxide.
Titanicsbowexhibitingmicrobialcorrosion
damageintheformofrusticles
Rusting an Electrochemical
Mechanism
Rustingmaybeexplainedbyanelectrochemicalmechanism.Inthe
presenceofmoistaircontainingdissolvedoxygenorcarbondioxide,the
commercialironbehaveasifcomposedofsmallelectricalcells.Atanode
ofcell,ironpassesintosolutionasferrousions.Theelectronmoves
towardsthecathodeandformhydroxylions.Undertheinfluenceof
dissolvedoxygentheferrousionsandhydroxylionsinteracttoformrust,
i.e.,hydratedferricoxide.
Methods of
BarrierProtection
Inthemethod,abarrierfilmisintroducedbetweenironsurfaceand
atmosphericair.Thefilmisobtainedbypainting,varnishingetc.
SacrificialProtection
Themetallicironiscoveredbyalayerofmorereactivemetalsuchas
zinc.Theactivemetallosseselectronsinpreferenceofiron.Thus,
protectingfromrustingandcorrosion.
ElectricalProtection
Themetallicironisconnectedwithmoreactivemetalslike
magnesiumorzinc.Theactivemetalhaslowerreductionpotential
thanironandwillloseelectroninpreferencetoiron,
Thismethodisusedforprotectingironarticleswhichareincontact
withwater.
AntiRustSolution
Toretardthecorrosionofiron,certainantirust solutionsareused.
examplealkalinephosphateandalkalinechromates.
Aim
In this project the aim is to
investigate effect of the metals
coupling on the rusting of iron.
Metalcouplingaffectstherustingofiron.If
thenailiscoupledwithamoreelectro
positivemetallikezinc,magnesiumor
aluminum rustingispreventedbutifonthe
otherhand,itiscoupledwithlesselectro
positivemetalslikecopper,therustingis
facilitated.
Materials Required
1)TwoPetridishes
2)Fourironnails
3)Beaker
4)Sandpaper
5)Wiregauge
6)Gelatin
7)Copper,zinc&magnesiumstrips
8)Potassiumferricyanidesolution
9)Phenolphthalein
10)BunsenBurner
PROCEDURE
1)Atfirstwehavetocleanthesurfaceofironnails
withthehelpofsandpaper.
2)Afterthatwehavetowindzincstriparoundone
nail,acleancopperwirearoundthesecond&clean
magnesiumstriparoundthethirdnail.Thentoput
allthesethreeandafourthnailinPetridishessothat
theyarenotincontactwitheachother.
3)ThentofillthePetridisheswithhotagaragar
solutioninsuchawaythatonlylowerhalfofthe
nailsarecoveredwiththeliquids.CoveredPetri
dishesforonedayorso.
4)Theliquidssettoageloncooling.Twotypesof
patchesareobservedaroundtherustednail,oneisblue
andtheotherpink.Bluepatchisduetotheformationof
potassiumferroferricyanide[()]wherepink
patchisduetotheformationofhydroxylionswhich
turnscolourlessphenolphthaleintopink.
Observation
S.No.
Metal Pair
Colour
of
the
Pink
Nails
Rust
No
Iron-Zinc
Iron-Magnesium
Pink
No
Iron-Copper
Blue
Yes
Iron-Nail
Blue
Yes
Associatedreactions
Therustingofironisanelectrochemicalprocessthatbeginswiththe
transferofelectronsfromirontooxygen.Theironisthereducingagent
(givesupelectrons)whiletheoxygenistheoxidisingagent(gains
electrons).Therateofcorrosionisaffectedbywaterandacceleratedby
electrolytes,asillustratedbytheeffectsofroadsaltonthecorrosionof
automobiles.
Thekeyreactionisthereductionofoxygen
+ +
Becauseitformshydroxideions,thisprocessisstronglyaffectedbythe
presenceofacid.Indeed,thecorrosionofmostmetalsbyoxygenis
acceleratedatlowpH.
Providingtheelectronsfortheabovereactionistheoxidationofironthat
maybedescribedasfollows:
+
Thefollowingredoxreactionalsooccursinthepresenceofwaterandis
crucialtotheformationofrust:
+
+ +
Inaddition,thefollowingmultistepacidbasereactionsaffectthecourse
ofrustformation:
+
+()+ +()+
asdothefollowingdehydrationequilibria:
()+()()+
()+
Fromtheaboveequations,itisalsoseenthatthecorrosionproductsare
dictatedbytheavailabilityofwaterandoxygen.Withlimiteddissolved
oxygen,iron(II)containingmaterialsarefavoured,includingFeOand
blacklodestoneormagnetite().Highoxygenconcentrationsfavour
ferricmaterialswiththenominalformulae()/.Thenatureof
rustchangeswithtime,reflectingtheslowratesofthereactionsofsolids.
Furthermore,thesecomplexprocessesareaffectedbythepresenceof
+
otherions,suchas ,bothofwhichserveasanelectrolyte,andthus
acceleraterustformation,orcombinewiththehydroxidesandoxidesof
irontoprecipitateavarietyofCaFeOOHspecies.
Onsetofrustingcanalsobedetectedinlaboratorywiththeuseofferroxyl
+
indicatorsolution.Thesolutiondetectsboth ionsandhydroxylions.
FormationofFe2+ionsandhydroxylionsareindicatedbyblueandpink
patchesrespectively.
CONCLUSION
Itisclearfromtheobservationthatcouplingofiron
withmoreelectropositivemetalssuchaszincand
magnesiumresistscorrosionandrustingofiron.
Couplingofironwithlesselectropositivemetals
suchascopperincreasesrusting.
Bibliography
1. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust
2. www.class12guide.wordpress.com
3. www.academia.edu/Metal_Coupling
4. NCERTChemistryTextbookforXII
5. Comprehensive(PracticalChemistryXII)
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