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S t e a m
B o i l e r
F e e d w a t e r
S t o r a g e
Contents
1.0
Executive Summary
2.0
3.0
The need to remove dissolved oxygen and other gases from feedwater
4.0
4.1
Feedtank construction
4.2
Feedtank capacity
4.3
Make-up water
4.4
4.5
Feedtank connections
4.6
Sparge pipes
4.7
Steam injectors
5.0
Deaerator systems
5.1
5.2
6.0
7.0
Conclusion: Deaerators are critical for efficient and reliable steam systems
T e c h n o l o g y
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pressurised system.
steam supply.
much as 75%.
supply fails.
thermally efficient.
Safety legislation.
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F e e d w a t e r
S t o r a g e
T e c h n o l o g y
technologies.
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3.0 T
he need to remove dissolved oxygen and other gases
from feedwater
As well as providing a reservoir of water for the boiler,
equipment.
of treatment chemicals.
under it.
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S t e a m
B o i l e r
F e e d w a t e r
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T e c h n o l o g y
4.0 T
he components of an effective feedwater system
The design of a feedwater system should focus on
be re-applied.
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water alarm.
temperature
treatment chemicals.
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T e c h n o l o g y
holes along the length of each pipe and with the end
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A crackling noise
This indicates that the steam pressure at the inlet to the steam injector is too low. Steam is travelling
at a lower velocity than during normal operation. Steam bubbles collapse on the injector body and
in the connecting pipework, inducing cavitation. This noise can indicate the steam injector system
is oversized.
A vibrating noise
This can indicate a poor steam injector installation in a rectangular tank made from relatively flexible
panels. An injector fitted in the centre of such a panel may induce vibration and noise; better is to
mount the injector nearer the corner of the tank where the structure is stiffer.
Note: If excessive noise, vibration or movement of pipework is experienced then it is essential that
the feedtank is not operated until the problem has been identified and rectified.
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is called deaeration.
storage capacity.
the vessel.
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Figure 3: A pressurised deaerator comprises a pressurised tank fitted with a deaerating head and various control systems
Vent condenser
Make-up
Drain
Condensate
return
Live
steam
Live
steam
Chemical dosing
Flash
steam
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F e e d w a t e r
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T e c h n o l o g y
in BS EN 12953):
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feedwater system.
White Paper.
Spirax Sarco surveys help identify cost-effective updates to existing feedwater installations
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7.0 C
onclusion: Deaerators are critical for efficient
and reliable steam systems
The deaerator plays a far more significant role in the
steam system.
operating benefits
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