SPE 163128

Improvement of Cementing in Deep Wells

Muhammad Ilyas1, Nauman Sadiq2, Muhammad Ali Mughal1, Hassan Pardawalla2, Sameer Mustafa
Noor2
1

Mari Gas Company Limited, Pakistan; Dowell Schlumberger Western S.A., Pakistan

Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE/PAPG Annual Technical Conference held in Islamabad, Pakistan, 3-5 December 2012
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper
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conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright.

ABSTRACT
This research work Improvement of Cementing in Deep Wells" was carried out with the collaboration of Mari Gas
Company Limited (MGCL), Pakistan and Schlumberger Pakistan, to recommend the designs and practices by which
future cementing operations for zonal isolation in deep Wells may be improved.
Mari Gas Company Limited had successfully drilled, tested and completed Halini Well - 1 (Total Depth = 5350 m)
in the Karak Block. The Karak Block is located in Northern Region of Pakistan which is known for its challenges,
such as high pressure water influxes and weak zones, which led to a number of cementing challenges in this Well.
The Cementing related problems that were faced on this Well were:
1- Sustained Casing Annulus Pressure in 13 3/8" x 9 5/8" Casing Annulus
2- Poor CBL-VDL results in 13 3/8" and 9 5/8" Casing
The scope of the project was to investigate the root cause of cementing challenges faced at Halini Well-1 and to
propose recommendations for improving future cementing in deep Wells.
In regards to the above, the cementing of Halini Well- 1 was thoroughly analyzed along with similar case histories
and problems in offset fields. On the basis of observations made, various recommendations have been proposed,
mostly related to areas of fluid rheology, fluid contamination, fluid channeling, density and friction pressure
hierarchy between fluids, fluid loss, temperature differential, and setting of casing slips etc. The idea for this project
is to serve as a guideline for cementing the future deep Wells.

INTRODUCTION
Primary Cementing is the process of placing cement between casing and the formations exposed to wellbore [1].
The objective is to provide Zonal Isolation by creating a hydraulic seal thereby preventing the flow of wellbore
fluids like oil, water or gas between formationsor to surface. The life of the Well is directly dependent on the quality
of this hydraulic seal, making cementing job a vital operation.
Incomplete zonal isolation can prevent either the Well from being completed at all to a loss of a producing well.
The importance of cementing operation can be magnified by the fact that the cement has to survive the complete life
of the Well that could vary anywhere between a year to fifty or more years.

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Successful cementing operation would include a good casing to cement bond, good cement to formation bond and
the ability of the cement placed itself to prevent any flow through it. In the event of this hydraulic seal being
ineffective, it can allow fluids to migrate and channel through in the annulus and potentially even flow to the
surface. This destroys the integrity of the Well. Any remedial job is extremely difficult to plan, execute and usually
carries very low chances of success.
Production optimization begins with a good completion, and a good completion depends on the integrity of the
primary cement job. About 15% of primary cement jobs fail, costing the oil and gas industry an estimated USD 450
million annually in remedial cementing work [2]. Figure 1 shows the percentage of Wells experiencing sustained
casing pressure (SCP) versus age for the 22,000 Wells in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico [3]. This means that there are
8,000 to 11,000 Wells in the Gulf of Mexico with sustained SCP. In 1999, there were 3,810 Wells with surface
casing vent flows and 814 Wells with gas migration problems in Alberta, Canada [4].
Cementing deep Wells uses same procedures as those used for cementing shallower Wells but due to extreme Well
conditions and complex architecture, such Wells are considered more critical [1]. Well conditioning and Well
preparation for the cement job play a vital role. Achieving Effective Mud removal and designing fluids for higher
temperatures and pressures becomes a challenging task.
BACKGROUND
Drilling a Well in Northern Pakistan in the Kohat-Potowar Plateau of Upper Indus-Basin presents its unique set of
challenges. It is a harsh and complex environment where the challenges vary from long drilling times, to high
pressure water zones to lost circulation. Cementing such Wells, ensuring zonal isolation, is a challenging task that
requires proper Job Designing and Job Execution.
It can take anywhere between 180 to 270 days to drill a Well in this region which implies long drilling times. This
leads to the development of thick filter cake on the walls of the Well. This filter cake development prevents cement
to formation bond and can provide a path for the channeling of fluids at any time during the life of the Well.
Removing such a filter cake that has been deposited over such a long period of time for cementing is a difficult task
for which a number of techniques are employed varying from Pre-flushes to Casing hardware components that aid
in mud removal.
Lost Circulation or (lost returns) is defined as the total or partial loss of drilling fluids or cement slurries into highly
permeable zones, cavernous formations, and fractures, or fractures induced during drilling or cementing operations
[5]. This is a common issue encountered in this region. Lost circulation can cause a number of issues in a Well from
loss of mud, stuckpipe, reduced annular cement coverage, to complete blow out of the Well.
Similarly, presence of high pressure water or gas zone needs special cement designs to prevent annular fluid
migration during placement as well as during setting of cement. Job design becomes very critical in such a scenario
and the properties of the systems need to be optimized to avoid water or gas migration.
KARAK BLOCK
The Karak Block is located at the boundaries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provinces, between the districts
of Karak and Mianwali, in the Northern Region of Pakistan. Mari Gas Company Limited has made a significant
Crude Oil Discovery with additional potential of associated gas in this block by drilling an exploratory Well by the
name Halini Well-1.
HALINI WELL-1
MGCL has successfully drilled, tested and completed an exploratory Well Halini Well-1. The Well was spud on
January 07, 2011 with a planned Well TD of 5750m. The Well was completed by July 26, 2011 to a Well depth of
5350 m with Datta formation encountered at TD. The Well was declared a commercial discovery.

SPE 163128

Table-1
Hole Dia (in)

Hole Depth (m)

Mud (SG)

Csg OD (in)

Csg
Depth
(m)

24

600

1.03-1.11

20

0-591

17

2342

1.08-1.45

13 3/8

0-2338

12

4708

1.28-1.66

9 5/8

0-4704

5350

1.25-1.35

45555265

PROBLEMS FACED
Some of the problems that were faced during drilling of this Well include,

Lost Circulation
High Pressure Water Influx
Poor CBL/VDL Results
Soft Cement Plugs
No Cement across Casing Shoe
PoorCement in Shoe-Track

SUMMARY OF CEMENT JOBS

Below can be found the summary of the cement jobs that were executed at this Well,
13 3/8 Casing Cementation
Two Stage Cementing Table-2
Hole Diameter(in)
Casing OD(in)
Casing Shoe Depth(m)

17.5
13 3/8
2338
40mabove
DVTool
Surface

Top of Cement(m)1stStage
Top of Cement(m)2ndStage
Mean Open Hole Excess (%age)

40%

BHCT (F)1stStage /2ndStage

122 / 115

BHST(F)1st Stage/2ndStage
Mud SG/ PPG

1.4 / 11.66

145 / 132

Annular Volume (bbl)

Annular Volume with Excess(bbl)
Total Cement Volume (bbl)
Displacement Volume(bbl)1stStage
Displacement Volume(bbl)2nd Stage

1058
1349
1360
1,125.3
858.6

Spacer Table-3
Stage
Fluid
Volume (bbl)
SG/ PPG

1st Stage
Tuned Spacer
100
1.44 /12

2nd Stage
Tuned Spacer
100
1.44 / 12

Fluids 1st Stage Table-4

Slurry Type
Slurry Density(PPG)
Slurry Volume (bbl)
Slurry Yield(Cu.Ft/sk)

Lead Slurry
12.50
260
2.07

Tail Slurry
15.80
100
1.15

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Thickening Time(hrs:min)

6:20

3:50

Lead Slurry
12.50
900
5:45

Tail Slurry
15.80
100
3:40

Fluids 2nd Stage Table-5

Slurry Type
Slurry Density(PPG)
Slurry Volume (bbl)
Thickening Time(hrs:min)

9 5/8 Cement Job

Single Stage Cementing Table-6
Hole Diameter(in)
Hole Diameter with Caliper Log (in)
Casing OD(in)
Casing Shoe Depth(m)
Top of Cement(m)
Mean Open Hole Excess (%age)
BHCT (F)
BHST(F)
Mud SG/ PPG
Annular Volume with Excess(bbl)
Total Cement Volume (bbl)
Displacement Volume(bbl)

12.25
13.8
9.625
4706
2038
20%
192
238
1.65 / 13.75
944
950
1,086.9

Spacer Table-7
Fluid
Volume (bbl)
SG/ PPG

Tuned Spacer
110
1.72 / 14.30

Fluids Table-8
Slurry Type
Slurry Density(PPG)
Slurry Volume (bbl)
Slurry Yield(Cu.Ft/sk)
Thickening Time(hrs:min)

Lead Slurry
14.80
757
1.75
7:50

Tail Slurry
15.80
193
1.54
5:35

7 Liner Cement Job

Well Data Table-9
Hole Diameter(in)
Hole Diameter with Caliper Log (in)
Casing OD (in)
Casing IDs (in)
Liner Shoe Depth(m)
Last Casing ID (in)
Last Casing Shoe Depth(m)
Shoe Joint Length(m)
Top of Cement(m)
Mean Open Hole Excess(%age)
BHCT (F)

8.5
10.2
7
6.094
5265
8.535
4704
36.32
4555
20%
191

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BHST (F)
Mud SG/ PPG
Annular Volume (bbl)
Annular Volume with Excess(bbl)
Shoe Joint Volume (bbl)
Cement Rise Above TOL (bbl)
Total Cement Volume (bbl)
Displacement Volume(bbl)
Displacement Rate (bpm)

232
1.28 / 10.66
110
129
4
11
145
332.0
5.00

Spacer Table-10
Fluid
Volume (bbl)
SG/ PPG

KCL Water
40
1.03/8.60

Table-11
Fluid
Volume (bbl)
SG/ PPG

Tuned Spacer
50
1.34 / 11.16

Fluid Systems Table-12

Slurry Type
Slurry Density (PPG)
Slurry Volume (bbl)
Annular Length(m)
Mix Water (Gal/sk)
Slurry Yield(Cu.Ft/sk)
Slurry Pump Rate(bpm)
Thickening Time(hrs:min)

Lightweight Cement System

11.66
145
710
9.56
3.24
5.00
6:25

POSSIBLE CAUSES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of the possible causes of the above mentioned problems, that have been identified as a result of this study
are:

Density Hierarchy
Friction Pressure Hierarchy
Fluid Contamination
Mechanical Separation of Fluids inside Casing
Pre-Job Mud Circulation
Time Between Stages of Cementing
Temperature Differential in Long Columns
Casing Run In Hole Time
Long Drilling Time of Sections
High Pressure Water Zone
Weak Formations

Density Hierarchy
Single Slurry System in First Stage Cementing for 13 3/8 Casing:
It was deliberated to utilize lead slurry in both stages of 13 3/8 Casing Job to avoid possible losses during
cementing operation. However, a single conventional slurry system of 15.8 ppg may be a preferred choice in first
stage cementing. Since an extended system, with decreased amount of solids, not only is ineffective in displacing

SPE 163128

fluids ahead but the strength development is slower as compared to conventional system. With the job split up in
two stages and due to the reduced column of cement, a single slurry conventional 15.8 ppg system in first stage may
give a better compressive strength development leading to a better casing/cement and cement/formation bond.
Increasing Lead Slurry Density to 14.5 ppg in Second Stage Cementing:
The density hierarchy is defined as the density differential between fluids to be pumped in a cement job. The present
hierarchy that was followed in Second Stage Cementing of 13 3/8 Casing was:
Mud Density
Spacer Density
Lead Density
Tail Density

11.6 ppg
12.0 ppg
12.5 ppg
15.8 ppg

This density hierarchy can be improved by increasing the lead slurry density:
Mud Density
Spacer Density
Lead Density
Tail Density

11.6 ppg
13.0 ppg
14.5 ppg
15.8 ppg

The improved hierarchy would not only help in mud removal but also the lead slurry system would have better
compressive strength. This could lead to better placement of cement systems and improved log results.
Friction Pressure Hierarchy
Apart from maintaining the density hierarchy, between fluids, Friction Pressure hierarchy, defines as a critical
rheological parameter for fluids during cementing as it describes the stability of the fluids interface. The ideal case
would include:
Friction Pressure (Mud) < Friction Pressure (Spacer) < Friction Pressure (Lead) < Friction Pressure (Tail)
However, it can be observed in the figures 4, 5 and 6, that even though the density hierarchy is respected, friction
pressure hierarchy is completely opposite to above mentioned criteria. This leads to fluid channeling and
contamination of fluids. These graphs were generated using the rheological values of the fluids that were pumped.
Fluid Contamination
During 1st stage cementing of 13 3/8 casing, the casing volume alone was 1125 bbl, implying a long duration for
the fluids to be travelling inside the casing. Moreover, following the previous, placement of 1st stage cementing was
undertaken without using a bottom plug, i.e. a plug ahead of 1st stage lead slurry. This meant a long duration for the
cement slurry to be in direct contact with the spacer ahead. Along with the reversed rheological behavior of fluid
systems, it contributed to large volume of contamination of the cement system. A qualitative demonstration of it can
be found in figures 7 and 8. These figures were generated through software to see the amount of contamination (only
qualitative) by simulating the rheologies of the fluids that were pumped.
Mechanical Separation Of Fluids Inside Casing
Use of Bottom Plug in 1st Stage Cementing:
The use of bottom plug while cementing, especially in first stage, is necessary, as shown fluid contamination
simulations, as due to the large volume inside the casing, a good amount of contamination takes place within the

SPE 163128

casing. The bottom plug would not only act as a buffer between 1st Stage Lead Slurry and Spacer but will also wipe
the casing wall clean.
Pre-Job Mud Circulation
Importance of pre-job circulation in cement jobs is always understated. A 2-cycle circulation along with casing
reciprocation and rotation helps considerably in mobilizing the static mud inside the hole. Furthermore, the dropping
of rheologies is effective when you have at least circulated the mud through a complete cycle, preventing the lighter
mud channeling through the old viscous mud ahead.
At least 2 complete cycles are recommended because the cuttings are removed and the hole cleaned with the first
cycle of circulation while the rheologies of mud are dropped in the second cycle and making the hole uniform
throughout. Moreover, this helps in cooling down the Well, which is vital for a cement job as well. This aspect of
the job can go a long way in contributing to the success of a cement job and good log results, if carried out in proper
way, especially in large annular volumes.
Time Between Stages of Cementing
It was observed that less time gap was given between both 1st and 2nd Stage cementing of 13 3/8 Casing Job. This
is not a recommended practice as the first stage slurry systems have not gained strength, while the cementing of 2nd
stage is carried out. This could result in increased hydrostatic pressure being applied on the formations below and
could potentially lead to losses, if the fracture pressure is exceeded. The recommended practice would be to wait on
cement of 1st stage to at least gain initial compressive strength before carrying out the 2nd stage cementing.
Temperature Differential in Long Columns
Due to a long open hole section, there is a large temperature differential between the top and bottom of cement
column:
BHST at 9 5/8 Casing shoe 238 F
BHST at Top of lead (2200 m) 152F
Temperature Differential 86F
BHCT Considered at 9 5/8 Casing shoe 190F
Due to this large temperature differential, it is a very challenging task to design a system that is retarded enough at
BHCT for slurry placement and is also able to set at the low temperatures at the top. This is even more critical in
cases where the water influx zone is present near the previous casing shoe. The objective of the cement is to set
quickly across the water influx zone, which is very difficult to achieve with the designed system for higher
temperature. In these scenarios, it is required to use additives that will get the cement to set even at lower
temperatures or the cement job can be executed in a 2-Stage configuration.
Casing Run In Hole Time
9 5/8 Casing Run in hole was started on May 31, 2011 at 2330 hrs and the casing reached bottom on morning of
June 02, 2011 at 1130 hrs, a total duration of 1.5 days. During Run in hole of casing, 02 bottom up circulations were
performed which could lead to static mud for long periods of time and development of gel strength. This makes the
mud immobile and circulation efficiency of the hole is reduced. The Circulation Efficiency is defined as the volume
of mud in circulation at given time. Reduced circulation efficiency leads to poor mud removal and bad log results. In
such cases, break circulation after certain interval will keep the mud mobile and circulate out the old mud.
Long Drilling Time of Sections

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It took a total of 86 days (nearly 03 months) to drill 12 open hole section from 2338 m to 4708 m. Long drilling
times lead to the buildup of thick filter cake on the walls of the Well. The removal of this filter cake is the biggest
challenge for cementing such sections as it prevents cement bonding with the formation. This can also leave a
channel in the annulus which can be easily penetrated by gas/water/wellbore fluid and loss of integrity of the Well.
All the measures for effective mud removal from Pre-Job mud circulation, dropping of rheologies, use of pre-flushes
to use of casing hardware like scratchers, need to be utilized to aid removal of this filter cake.
High Pressure Water Zone
Two Stage Cementing:
Because of the water influx zone close to the previous casing shoe as well as a lengthy open hole section (2370 m),
it would be recommended to do two stage cementing for 9 5/8 Casing. This would enable to deal with the water
influx zone in a more effective manner. There are two major observations concerning the single stage cementing:
-

The high contamination of the lead slurry system coming across the water influx zone.
Low density cement system (slow compressive strength development) coming across water zone.
High temperature differential for the cement column resulting in long thickening times close to surface.

The idea would be to cement the first stage with conventional single slurry density system. The critical part, though,
would be second stage cement job containing the water influx zone. Second stage cement slurries could then be split
into the Lead and Tail Slurries such that the Tail Slurry is placed in the open hole, containing the water influx zone,
whereas the Lead Slurry would cover the cased hole remaining above. Secondly, the designed top of cement would
be to bring the cement returns to surface, so that the hydrostatic pressure of the lead slurry can be maintained above
the tail slurry column. Thirdly, the shorter pumping volumes would reduce job times and corresponding thickening
times. The requirement of the thickening time of Tail System would be to keep as short as possible, thereby,
providing less time for the water influx to penetrate the cement in the annulus. The thickening time of Lead System
would be kept longer than the Tail system so that the hydrostatic of the Lead System on top prevents the water
influx to penetrate while the Tail System sets.
Moreover, the additives can be added in the Tail System to make the system less prone to water influx penetrating
into the annulus. Furthermore, the transition time would be kept as short as possible, meaning the time between
when the hydrostatic pressure of the Tail Slurry column falls below the water influx zone pressure and when the tail
slurry sets. This would not only enable to deal with the water influx problem more effectively but also pump cement
systems that have optimized design, shorter thickening times and better compressive strength development. The
reduced annular volumes would make mud removal more effective, thereby, leading to better log results.
Weak Formations
LCM in Slurry System:
Apart from using lightweight cement system with improved mechanical properties in the presence of weak
formation, addition of Loss Circulation Materials (LCM) into the slurry system needs to be carried out to prevent
losses during cement job. This would ensure top of cements to be achieved and better coverage of cement in the
annulus, thereby achieving the good cement bond.
CONCLUSION
The criteria for successful cementing of deep Wells are mostly the same as those required for cementing for
shallower Wells. However, some of the key points that need to be taken into consideration are summarized as
below:

SPE 163128

Improving Density and Friction Pressure Hierarchy

Effective Mud Removal
o Mud Properties
o Pre-Job Circulation
o Improving Circulation Efficiency
o Casing Reciprocation/Rotation
Casing Centralization
Designing Top of Cement
Use of Plugs in large Casing Volumes
Defining Temperature Gradient

These recommendations have been followed to achieve desirable results in the Wells that have already been
completed. In Well-A, while drilling 8 OH, the client encountered losses of more than 550 bbl in formation-1
and losses of more than 1500 bbl in formation-2. During this scenario, the drilling was stalled for up to 7 days with
losses severity varying from severe to total losses. With all conventional loss circulation solutions being
unsuccessful, a New Fiber Technology loss circulation solution was pumped to not only curse the losses in first
attempt but also consolidate the loss zone. This enabled the client to complete the section and ran 7 liner to a
depth of nearly 5250 m and cement it by adding loss circulation material in the slurry. The close collaboration
between the client and the contractor technical teams allowed to execute a successful liner cementation and excellent
CBL/VDL results were obtained, as evident in Figure-9.
Similarly, in an offset field, 13 3/8 2-Stage Cement Job was executed at Well-B in a 17 OH where the major
challenge was channeling of fluids. The reason attributed was large annular, casing volumes and poor mud removal
efficiency. The long drilling times and quality of mud used resulted in thick filter cake on the walls of the Well,
making it a very challenging task to place good quality cement in the annulus. Furthermore, long openhole section
and 2-Stage cementing only added to the challenges of cementing the well. The emphasis was placed on density and
friction pressure hierarchy which needed to be respected for a stable and uniform fluid interface. Mud properties
were optimized according to software recommendations before the cement job to aid in the mud removal. Tracers
were run to calculate the mud circulation efficiency. Moreover, the Spacer and Slurry systems rheological behaviors
were optimized to ensure effective placement in the annulus. The casing centralization and pre-job mud circulation
recommendations were implemented.
With the help of close collaboration between the Client and the contractor teams, offset well data, lesson learned and
following the recommendations mentioned above, a successful cement job was executed with more than 95% of
volume in circulation in second stage and zero channeling of fluids.
REFERENCES
[1] Nelson, E. B. and Guillot, D. Well Cementing. 2nd Edition: Schlumberger; 2006.
[2] Newman, K., Wojtanowicx, A., and Gahan, B. Improving Gas Well Cement Jobs with Cement Pulsation:
GasTIPS; 2001.
[3] Levine, D.C. et al. Annular Gas Flow After Cementing A Look at Practical Solutions:SPE;1979.
[4] Statistical Series 57, Field Surveillance, Provincial Summaries:Alberta Energy and Utilities Board; 2005.
[5] Goins, W. C. Jr. How to Combat Circulation Loss: Oil & Gas Journal; 1952.



FIGURES

Figure-1 Gulf of Mexico wells with SCP

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Figure-2 Karak Block



2

Figure-3 Well Schematic

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3

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Tail Slurry
Lead Slurry
Spacer
Mud

4.4
4.0
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
1.6

2.0

Friction Pressure (psi/1000ft)

4.8

5.2

5.6

Pipe ID : 12.500 in

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4
4.8
5.2
Flow Rate (bbl/min)

5.6

Figure-4 Friction Pressure Hierarchy within Casing w.r.t varying Flow Rates

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.2



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27.5

Annulus ID : 13.375 in - OD : 17.500 in

22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0

Friction Pressure (psi/1000ft)

25.0

Tail Slurry
Lead Slurry
Spacer
Mud

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4
4.8
5.2
Flow Rate (bbl/min)

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.2

Figure-5 Friction Pressure Hierarchy within Annulus w.r.t varying Flow Rates

Tail Slurry
Lead Slurry
Spacer
Mud

45
42
39
36
33
27

30

Friction Pressure (psi/1000ft)

48

51

54

Annulus ID : 9.625 in - OD : 12.250 in

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4
4.8
5.2
Flow Rate (bbl/min)

Figure-6 Friction Pressure Hierarchy in Annulus w.r.t varying Flow Rates

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.2

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Figure-7 Slurry Contamination Risk for 13 3/8 Casing Job First Stage





Figure-8 Slurry Contamination Risk for 9 5/8 Casing Job

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Figure-9 CBL/VDL Log at Well-A





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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Muhammad Ilyas
Muhammad Ilyas is working as Drilling Superintendent with Mari Gas Company Limited since
2006. He holds Degree of MBA (Finance) from AIOU and Post Graduate Diploma in Drilling
and Well Engineering from Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, the UK. He is SPE Certified
Petroleum Engineer. He has twenty six years experience in Oil and Gas Development Company
Limited. He has vast experience of working in deep Wells of Kohat and Potwar area.
Nauman Sadiq
Nauman Sadiq is working as Technical Engineer with Well Integrity Technology in
Schlumberger, Pakistan, since 2009. He holds degree of BE (Mechanical) from Ghulam Ishaq
Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, in 2008. He has been working in North
and South regions of Pakistan, doing Primary Cementing and Remedial Cement Jobs. He has
relevant experience in deep Wells from the Northern region of Pakistan.
Muhammad Ali Mughal
Muhammad Ali Mughal is graduated in Petroleum & Gas Engineering from UET Lahore, in 1976.
He has worked in OGDCL in Drilling Department for four years, in Saudi Aramco in Petroleum
Engineering Department for five years and is currently working with MGCL since 1985. He is
holding the position of GM (Operations) and previously held the positions of Manager (D & AS),
Manager (Operations) and Field Manager.

Hassan Pardawalla
Hassan Pardawalla is working as District Technical engineer with Well Services at
Schlumberger, Islamabad, Pakistan, since 2009. He completed Bachelors in Chemical
Engineering from University of Minnesota, the USA. He has worked in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia
and Iran. In his current role, he is looking after all cementing and fracturing operations specially
in HPHT fracturing compaigns.
Sameer Mustafa Noor
Sameer is PAG GeoMarket Operations Manager for Well Services in Schlumberger. He holds a
degree of Chemical Engineering from University Of Bath, the UK. He has worked in Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, and UAE with Schlumberger. His speciallity is in HPHT Operations.