Answer scheme ( Form 4 Chemistry Paper 2)

1a
i
ii
iii

bi
ii
iii
2ai
ii

bi
ii
iii

3ai
ii

diffusion

molucule
- the water turn red due to movement of particles / diffusion
- Rate of diffusion depend on temperature/ is affected by
temperature
- The rate of diffusion is higher if the temperature of water is
higher
Mass of oxygen in flask X = 2x32=64g
Mass of ammonia in flask Y =4x17= 68g
Volume of gas in flask X= 2x24= 48dm3
Volume of gas in flask Y= 4 x24= 96dm3
2x 6x1023 =1.2x1024 ( accept NA= 6x1023 or 6.02x1023)

1
1
1
1

Group 17
- Atomic size of F is smaller than Cl. The force of attraction
between nucleus and electron in F atom is stronger than that
in Cl atom
- F atom attract one electron more easily than Cl atom to
achieve stable electron arrangement
- So F atom has higher tendency to form negative ion
Solid
black
At2
( reject At)
The solubility in water of F is higher than I. / F more soluble in water
than I
Mass of Mg= 24.7411 22.3412 = 2.4 g
Mass of O = 26.3411 24.7411 = 1.6 g
Element
Mg
Mass/g
2.4
No. of mol
2.4/24 =0.1
Simplest mol ratio
1
Empirical formula
MgO

O
1.6
1.6/16 = 0.1
1

b
c
d

To allow the oxygen gas to enter to react with Mg

2Mg + O2 2MgO
No.
Copper is unreactive to react with oxygen gas.

4ai
ii
iii

Fe2O3
2Fe2O3 + 3C 3CO2 + 4 Fe
Mol of Fe2O3 = 0.025 mol
2mol Fe2O3 produce 4 mol Fe
0.025 mol Fe2O3 produce 0.05 mol Fe
Mass of Fe = 0.05 x 56
= 2.8 g
Metal Y.
Metal Y can form coloured compound /show various oxidation
number
Can form coloured compound/ has various oxidation number/ form

bi

ii

1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Answer scheme ( Form 4 Chemistry Paper 2)

iii

complex ion/ act as catalyst

Fe. Catalyst in Haber process/ V2O5. Catalyst in Contact process/
Nickel. Hydrogenation / Platinum. Ostwald process

5ai
ii
iii
b
c
d
e
f
ii
g

Y
R
X
R, Q, Y, X, T
2.4
YQ and R have same number of electron-occupied shells
Colourless solution turns pink
2T + 2H2O 2TOH + H2 or 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Transition element

6ai

Is the chemical formula that shows the simplest whole number

ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound
Absorb water vapour/ to dry the hydrogen gas
Mass of Cu= 40.25 32.25 = 8.00g
Mass of O = 42.25 40.25 = 2.00 g
Cu : O
8.00 /64 : 2.00/16
1:1

ii
bi
ii

iii
ci
ii
di
ii
7
ai

ii

bi
ii

CuO
To avoid the hot copper metal react with oxygen to form copper
oxide again
Heating, cooling and weighing process are repeated until a constant
mass is obtained
Mg is more reactive than H / Hydrogen gas cannot reduced MgO
Iron oxide/Lead oxide / tin oxide/ silver oxide
Draw atomic structure of atom P 2.1
-correct number of electron shell with nucleus
- correct number of electrons in each shell
-element P has one valence electron
- so P is located in Group 1
-element P has two shells flled with electron
-so P is located in Period 2
- keep in paraffin oil
- only use little quantity by using forcep
- reactivity of Group 1 element is higher if the tendency of atom
to lose valence electron is higher
-atom Q is more reactive than atom P
- atomic size of Q is larger than P
- The force of attraction between nucleus and valence electron in
atom Q is weaker than in P
- Q lose one valence electron more easily to achieve stable
electron arrangement than P

1+
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12

2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Answer scheme ( Form 4 Chemistry Paper 2)

Iii

Q move rapidly and randomly on the surface of water with

hiss sound
Q dissolves in water and form colourless solution
The colourless solution turns pink when phenolphthalein
indicator is added
Q react with water to form alkaline/ hydroxide solution and
hydrogen gas
2Q + 2H2O 2QOH + H2

1
1
1
1+
1
1+
1

form coloured ions/ compound

form complex ion
has various oxidation states
can act as catalyst

Iron is used as catalyst in Haber process to increase the rate

of production of ammonia
Nickel is used as catalyst in hydrogenation process where
palm oil is processed to form margarine
Platinum is used as catalyst in Ostwals process in
manufacture of nitric acid

1
1
1
1
1+
1

8
Ai

ii

bi

Electronegativity is the ability of element to gain electron to

form negative ion
when across period 3, the number of electron shell is the
same but the increasing proton number cause the atomic size
to decrease
the nucleus charge ( attractive force of nucleus) towards
electron become stronger.
the ability to attract electron increase
electronegativity increase when across period 3

physical property:
atomis size decrease across period 3
element change from metal to non- metal

ii

9ai

ii
b

chemical property:
property of oxide of elements change from basic to
amphoteric to acidic
the electronegativity increase
-relative atomic mass is the mass of an atom when compared
with 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
-relative molecular mass is the mass of a molecule when
compared with 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
-carbon-12 exist abundantly as stable isotope in earth
-carbon is solid and easily handle
-M and W are isotopes of the same element
-particle M and W has same proton number
- but different nucleon number
-M and W has same chemical properties
-but different physical properties

1+
1
1+
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Answer scheme ( Form 4 Chemistry Paper 2)

c

1. clean metal L with sandpaper to remove the oxide layer

2. an empty crucible with lid is weighed and the mass is
recorded
3. the metal L is put into the crucible. The crucible and lid
with the content is weighed and the mass is recorded
4. the crucible is heated strongly
5. the lid is opened once a while to allow the oxygen to enter
and close immediately to prevent white fume from
escaping
6. after the metal L is burnt , the crucible is heated for few
minutes
7. the crucible and its content are cooled and weighed and
the mass is recorded
8. heating, cooling and weighing process are repeated until a
constant mass is obtained
calculation:
mass of crucible and lid = x g
mass of crucible and lid and metal L = y g
mass of crucible and lid and oxide of L = z g
Element
L
O
Mass/g
y-x
z-y
Number of mol
m
n
simplest mol
a
b
ratio
Empirical formula LaOb

10ai

2.8.7
Chlorine atom (name)
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaOCl + H2O

ii
b

di

ii

the attractive force between nuclei and valence electrons in

atom in Diagram A ( chlorine) is stronger than that in
Diagram B ( bromine)
Atomic size of chlorine is smaller than bromine
the distance between nucleus and valence electron in
chlorine atom is less than bromine atom
the reactivity of Group 17 element depends on the ability to
attract one electron to achieve stable octet electron
arrangement
chlorine attract one electron more easily than bromine
chlorine is more reactive than bromine
the black colour solid (iodine/ astatine)is less reactive than
the element in Diagram B (bromine)
reactivity between the black solid with sodium hydroxide
solution is lower than bromine
hydrogen gas is passed through the combustion tube few
minutes to remove all oxygen before heating
hydrogen gas is passed through the combustion tube
continuously during cooling until the end of the experiment
in part G, Iron wool burns brightly and become brown solid

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Answer scheme ( Form 4 Chemistry Paper 2)

when cooled
Iron wool react with chlorine gas to produced iron (III)
chloride which id brown
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
in part H, sodium hydroxide is used to dissolve excess
chlorine gas which is poisonous
chlorine gas dissolves quickly in sodium hydroxide solution to
form two type of salts and water
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaOCl + H2O

1
1
1
1
1