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Protection on ETAP
ASSIGNMENT (SIR MUHAMMAD ALI MEAMON)
Syed Ahsan Ali (EE-092)
Ikram Ali (EE-318)
Muhammad Asad (EE-116)
Muhammad Fahim Hyder(EE-001)
| Electrical Power Systems Protections EE-455 | October 20, 2016
Table of Contents
Introduction:..................................................................................................... 1
Analysis for System 1....................................................................................... 2
Load flow analysis:........................................................................................ 2
Fault Detection:............................................................................................. 3
Three Phase Bus 1 Fault:............................................................................3
Bus 1 fault (L-G):........................................................................................ 4
Bus 1 fault Line to Line (L-L):.....................................................................5
Bus 1 fault Double line to ground (L-L-G):..................................................6
Bus two and three fault three phase resistive grounding:..........................7
Bus two and three fault three phase solidly grounded:..............................8
Bus two and three fault line to ground resistive grounding (L-G):..............9
Bus two and three fault line to ground solidly grounded (L-G):................10
Bus two and three fault line to line resistive grounding (L-L):..................11
Bus two and three fault line to line solidly grounded (L-L):......................12
Bus two and three double line to ground fault resistive grounding (L-L-G):
................................................................................................................. 13
Bus two and three double line to ground fault solidly grounded (L-L-G):. 14
Analysis of system 2:..................................................................................... 15
Load flow analysis:...................................................................................... 16
Protection coordination analysis:................................................................16
Protection Coordination for loop 1:..........................................................16
Protection Coordination for loop 2:..........................................................18
Protection Coordination for loop 3:..........................................................20
Protection Coordination for loop 4:..........................................................22
Protection Coordination for loop 5:..........................................................24
Protection Coordination for loop 6:..........................................................26
Protection Coordination for loop 7:..........................................................28
Protection Coordination for loop 8:..........................................................30
Test for protection coordination:.................................................................33
Protection co-ordination for fault at bus 2:..............................................33
PAGE 1
Table of Figures:
1 Load flow analysis for System 1....................................................................4
2Three Phase Bus 1 Fault:................................................................................5
3 Bus 1 fault line to ground (L-G).....................................................................6
4 Bus 1 fault Line to Line (L-L)..........................................................................6
5 Bus 1 fault Double line to ground (L-L-G)......................................................8
6 Bus two and three fault three phase resistive grounding..............................9
7 Bus two and three fault three phase solidly grounded................................10
8 Bus two and three fault line to ground resistive grounding (L-G)................11
9 Bus two and three fault line to ground solidly grounded (L-G)....................12
10 Bus two and three fault line to line resistive grounding (L-L)....................13
11 Bus two and three fault line to line solidly grounded (L-L)........................14
12 Bus two and three double line to ground fault resistive grounding (L-L-G)15
13 Bus two and three double line to ground fault solidly grounded (L-L-G). . .16
14 Single line diagram of System 2................................................................17
15 Load flow analysis of system 2..................................................................18
16 Highlighted loop represents loop 1...........................................................19
17 TCC Curve for loop 1.................................................................................20
18 Highlighted loop represents loop 2...........................................................21
19 TCC Curve for loop 2.................................................................................22
20 Highlighted loop represents loop 3...........................................................23
21 TCC Curve for loop 3.................................................................................24
22 Highlighted loop represents loop 4...........................................................25
23 TCC Curve for loop 4.................................................................................26
24 Highlighted loop represents loop 5...........................................................27
PAGE 2
Introduction:
In this assignment analysis of actual power systems is performed for
analyzing systems three major aspects i.e.
In order to ensure that the system fulfills the above three requirements
different tests are performed using ETAP software.
There are two different systems on which the analysis is performed. For the
first system first of all load flow analysis is performed. To ensure reliability of
the system fault studies are performed. Then for the second system first load
flow analysis is performed then in order to determine selectivity of the
system Protection Coordination Analysis is performed the TCC curves of
protected devices are studied.
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Background:
Here the software used for analysis is ETAP. ETAP is a fully integrated AC and
DC electrical power system analysis tool. Engineers use ETAP in thousands of
companies and electric utilities worldwide in the design, analysis,
maintenance, and operation of electrical power systems.
Then load flow study is performed load flow study is helpful because the most
important information obtained from the load flow analysis is the voltage
profile of the system. If voltage varies greatly over the system, large reactive
flows will result. This, in turn, will lead to increased real power losses and, in
extreme cases, an increased likelihood of voltage collapse. When a particular
bus has an unacceptably low voltage, the usual practice is to install capacitor
banks in order to provide reactive compensation to the load. Load flow
studies are used to determine how much reactive compensation should be
applied at a bus, to bring its voltage up to an appropriate level. If new lines
(or additional transformers) are to be installed, to reinforce the system, a
power flow study will show how it will relieve overloads on adjacent lines. An
inefficient or unbalanced load can also cause unpredictable behavior in your
localized power grid, increasing the risk of equipment damage and unplanned
outages.
Fault location and distance estimation is very important issue in power
system engineering in order to clear fault quickly and restore power supply
as soon as possible with minimum interruption. This is necessary for reliable
operation of power equipment and satisfaction of customer. There are 11
possible faults in a three phase transmission line, namely AG, BG, CG, AB,
AC, BC, ABG, ACG, BCG, ABC and ABCG. These fault types are categorized
into five different types of faults:
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FAULT DETECTION:
The ETAP Short-Circuit program is a user-friendly, fully interactive
program for calculating R M S values of fault c urren t s corresponding to
different time periods after fault occurrence. Specifically, it calculates the 1/2
c y c l e , 1.5 to 4 cycle and 30 cycle RMS symmetrical fault currents for three
phase, line-to-ground, line-to-line and line-to-line-to-ground faults.
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Bus two and three fault line to ground resistive grounding (L-G):
8 Bus two and three fault line to ground resistive grounding (L-G)
The above figure shows Bus two and three fault line to ground resistive
grounding no bus will be faulted.
PAGE 12
Bus two and three fault line to ground solidly grounded (L-G):
9 Bus two and three fault line to ground solidly grounded (L-G)
The above figure shows Bus two and three fault line to ground solidly
grounded Bus 2 and Bus 3 will be faulted.
PAGE 13
Bus two and three fault line to line resistive grounding (L-L):
10 Bus two and three fault line to line resistive grounding (L-L)
The above figure shows Bus two and three fault line to line resistive
grounding no bus will be faulted.
PAGE 14
Bus two and three fault line to line solidly grounded (L-L):
11 Bus two and three fault line to line solidly grounded (L-L)
The above figure shows Bus two and three fault line to line solidly grounded
bus 2 and bus 3 will be faulted.
PAGE 15
Bus two and three double line to ground fault resistive grounding (L-LG):
12 Bus two and three double line to ground fault resistive grounding (L-L-G)
The above figure shows Bus two and three double line to ground fault
resistive grounding no bus will be faulted.
PAGE 16
Bus two and three double line to ground fault solidly grounded (L-L-G):
13 Bus two and three double line to ground fault solidly grounded (L-L-G)
The above figure shows Bus two and three double line to ground fault solidly
grounded Bus 2 and 3 will be faulted.
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Analysis of system 2:
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