IGCSE Maths 0580/0581 Extended

Mr M. Grosswald

IGCSE RS1 Ratio and percentages

1) Simplify a ratio
- 9 : 15 : 30 = 3 : 5 : 10
- 2.5 : 5.75 = 10 : 23
2) Divide a quantity using a ratio
Q: John, Clare and Jen share $60 in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. How much do they each get?
A: Total = 12 parts = $60
1 part =

60
12

= $5

3 parts = $15, 4 parts = $20, 5 parts = $25

So John gets $15, Clare gets $20 and Jen gets $25.
Q: Andy, Bobby, Charlie and Darren share cake in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. Charlie
gets 300g of cake. How much does Darren get?
A: Charlie = 3 parts = 300g
1 part = 100g 4 parts = 400g
So Darren gets 400g.

3) Solve direct/inverse proportion questions without algebra

Q: A recipe for 4 cakes requires 750g of flour. How much flour would you need for
7 cakes?
A: 4 cakes : 750 1 cake :

750
4

7 cakes :

750
4

7 = 1312.5g

Q: It takes 5 builders 8 days to build a roof. How long would it take 9 builders?
A: 5 builders : 8 days 1 builder : 8 5 = 40 days
9 builders :

40
9

= 4.4 days (1dp)

4) Find the percentage of a number

Q: Find 32% of 256
A:

32
100

256 = 81.92

5) Write a number as a percentage of another number

Q: Ed gets 32 marks out of 74 in a test. Write this as a percentage.
A:

32
74

100 = 43.2% (3sf)

6) Find percentage increase/decrease

Q: Increase 150 by 30%.
A: Increase by 30% = 100 + 30 = 130%
130
100

150 = 195

Q: A shirt normally costs $8 but there is a sale of 20%. How much does the shirt
cost?
A: Decrease by 20% = 100-20 = 80%
80
100

8 = $6.40

7) Find percentage change

Q: A watch changed from $300 to $220 in a sale. What is the percentage change?
A:

100 =

80
300

100 = 26.7% decrease (3sf)

8) Simple interest
- Interest taken from the original amount. Interest is the same every year.
Q: Senna invests $1500 in a bank that gives 4% simple interest every year. How
much interest does he receive after 2 years? How much does he have in total
after 4 years?
A: Interest in one year =

4
100

1500 = $60

Interest in two years = $60 2 = $120

Interest in four years = $60 4 = $240
Total after four years = $1500 + $240 = $1740

9) Compound interest
- Total increases by the rate every year. Interest is different every year.
Q: Honda invests $2250 in a bank that gives 3.2% compound interest every year.
How much does he have in total after 2 years? 3 years? How much interest does
he receive after 3 years?
A: Year 1: Increase 2250 by 3.2%
Year 2: Increase 2322 by 3.2%

103.2
100
103.2
100

Year 3: Increase 2396.30 by 3.2%

2250 = $2322
2322 = $2396.30 (2dp)

103.2
100

2396.30 = $2472.99 (2dp)

Interest after 3 years = Total Original = 2472.99 2250 = $222.99 (2dp)

10) Reverse percentages

- You are given a number after a percentage decrease/increase and you need to find
the original number.

Q: Ann bought a dress in a shop for $34. There is a 20% sale on dresses. How
much did the dress cost before the sale?
A: After sale price = 100% 20% = 80%
So 80% = 34
1% =

34
80

100% =

34
80

100 = $42.50

Q: Cenk deposits some money into an account that pays 4.5% simple interest every
year. In his first year he has $2090 total. How much money did he deposit
originally?
A: 2090 : 100% + 4.5% = 104.5%
1% :

2090
104.5

100% :

2090
104.5

100 = $2000