INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

A. IDENTITY

School Name : Senior High School………

Subject
Class / Semester
Standard Competency
: Biology
: IX / 2
: 3. Describe the structure and function of certain
human and animal organs, disorders /
diseases that may occur and their
implications on environmental science
technology and society.

Basic Competency : 3.3 Explain the relationship between structure,

function, processes, and disorders / diseases
that can occur in the digestive system in
human and animal foods (eg ruminants).

Indicators : 1. Explain the structure and function of

digestion system tools.

Allocation of Time : 1 x 40 Minutes

B. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. To mention digestive tract and digestive glands.

2. To explain function of digestive glands and digestive glands
3. To different between digestive tract and digestive glands

C. LEARNING MATERIALS

Organ Digestive System Of Human

Human digestive system consists of the digestive tract and glands.
Alimentary canal is a channel through which food materials. Digestive gland is
the part that secrete enzymes to help digest food. Digestive tract, among others, as
follows.
1. Mouth
In the oral cavity, there are teeth, tongue, and salivary glands (saliva).
Teeth are formed from the bones of the teeth, called dentin. The structure
consists of a crown gear tooth which lies above the gum, the neck is
surrounded by the gums, and tooth root that is embedded in the jaw forces.
Dental crown email coated white. Calcium, fluoride, and phosphate is the
 author of the email. For the development and maintenance of teeth bai, these
substances must exist in food in sufficient quantity. Coated with cement that
attaches the roots roots of the gums.
2. Pharynx and esophagus
After going through the oral cavity, the shape of a bolus of food will go
into the pharynx), pharynx). Pharynx is a funnel that extends from the rear of
the oral cavity to the surface of the esophagus (esophageal). At the base of the
pharynx there is a valve called the epiglottis breathing. Epiglotis serves to
cover the tip of the respiratory tract (larynx) so that food does not go into the
respiratory tract. After going through the pharynx, bolus toward the
esophagus; a straight tube-shaped organ, striated muscle, and thick
berdidnding. Esophageal muscle contraction causing squeezing movement that
encourages a bolus into the stomach. Esophageal muscle movement is called
peristaltic movements.
3. Gastric
Gastric muscle contraction bolus stirring, breaking it mechanically, and
mix it with gastric juice. Sap hull containing HCl, the enzyme pepsin, and
renin. HCl is used to kill germs that enter together bolus will activate the
enzyme pepsin. Pepsin functions to convert protein into Peptone.
4. Small intestine
Small intestine has three parts, namely, duodenum (duodenum), middle
intestine (jejunum), and intestinal absorption (ileum). A hole in the wall
connecting the duodenal intestinal tract 12 fingers with pancreatic juice and
bile ducts. The pancreas produces enzymes trypsin, amylase, and lipase which
is distributed to the duodenum. Trypsin functioning remodel protein into
amino acids. Amylase convert starch into maltose. Lipases convert fats into
fatty acids and glycerol. Sap produced by the liver and bile collected in the
gall bladder. Bile sap is channeled into the duodenum. Bile sap serves to
describe fats into fatty acids and glycerol
5. Colon
Food that has been through the small intestine finally into the large
intestine. Large intestine consists of the appendix (appendix), the rising
portion (ascending colon), part of the horizontal (transverse colon), part of the
decline (descending colon), and ends at the anus. Food that is until the colon
can be considered as waste materials. Time consists of large amounts of water
and food that performance is not digested, such as cellulose.
Regulate colon function of water content in food remnants. IAR Bil levels in
the remaining food too much, then the colon wall will absorb excess water.
Conversely, if the rest of the food shortages of water, the colon wall will expel
the water and sends it to the rest of the food. In the colon there are lots of
microorganisms that help decompose the food scraps. Leftover, unused by the
body and foul-smelling gases called the stool (feces) and excreted through the
anus.

Digestive glands , among others, as follows :

1. Liver (hepatic)
Liver consists of several parts (lobes). Lobes each been trained by hundreds of
thousands of hexagonal shaped lobules. Each lobule is lined with interlobular
connective tissue called Glisson's capsule. In the liver lobules have tebgah central
venous, ribbons or branched liver cells berantomosis radier composed of central
veins. Transfer ribbons are sinusoidal liver cells, blood sinusoids that looked like
the cracks or cavities. On the wall there sinusoid capillary cells which are
categorized as makrofage. Angle between adjacent lobuli lobuli-called triangle
containing Kiernann porta channel, ie arteries, veins and interlobular bile ducts.
Liver cells (hepatocytes) polyhedral-shaped, single core (75%) or two (25%).
Cytoplasm contains many grains of glycogen. These cells produce bile. To
temporarily stored in the gallbladder bile (vesika fellea), disina bile becomes
thicker as the water is absorbed back aleh gallbladder wall. Kholesistokinin
hormones regulate expenditures bile into the small intestine. By ductus cystic bile
duct kholedokhus channeled into which empties into the duodenum, and at such
place happens pengemulsian fat. Gallbladder developed in most vertebrates.
Lamprey fish, most birds, rats and whales do not have a gall bladder only
consume less fat in food. Humans can still live for years after bladder surgery
gallbladder removed through the condition should avoid fat in their diets. Liver is
the largest gland in the body. Liver function, among others:
• Result in bile (as an exocrine gland), which collects in the gallbladder,
• Stores of fat and glycogen and albumin,
• Synthesize proteins in blood plasma,
• Detoxification of toxic substances,
• Remodel the damaged erythrocytes,
• Elimination of amino acids into urea, store vitamin A and B and a role in the
metabolism of carbohydrates and fats
• Produces a hormone
2. . Pancreas
Characteristics This gland found only in vertebrates and all vertebrate animals
have it. As of Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles pancreas is located between
the stomach and duodenum, whereas in Aves, and mammals, and is located
between descending duodeni parsasenden. It is a compound organ, because
menpunyai exocrine gland function as well as endocrine glands. Part exocrine.
Is a collection of pancreatic asini. Each asini berlumen narrow, with the
secretory cells of the pyramid-shaped. This section produces the enzyme
protease, nuclease, amylase and lipase, Endocrine section. Represents the
islands of Langerhans, scattered among the exocrine glands. This section is
formed by cells, B cells
D. LEARNING STRATEGY
1. Approach : Concept
2. Method : Discussion
3. Model : Cooperative
 STAD

E. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

NO The activities of teacher and students Time

1 Begin Activities

 Motivation :
• How can the food digest in the our
body? 5 Minutes
• Mention organs anything including
the digestive system ?

2 Main activities

a) Teacher deliver learning objectives to be

achieved
b) Teacher shows the Charta of digestive system
c) Teacher divides students into several groups
d) Teacher provides an opportunity to discussion
organ tract and glands of the digestive system 30 Minutes
and its function accordance with student work
sheet.
e) Students completing the human digestive
system at Charta
f) Teacher to appoint student to conclude about
organ and function digestive system

3
Last Activities

a. Teacher give awards to group

b. Teacher give homework
5 Minutes
 Please search data or information about the
diseases in the digestive system
F. LEARNING MEDIA & RESOURCES

 Charta organ digestive system

 Student Work Sheet
 Book package class XI “ BIOLOGI 2 ”, Esis, page ; 168 - 176
 G. VALUATION
ASSESSMENT TOOL
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF HUMAN
(BASIC COMPETENCY 3. 3 IN STANDARD COMPETENCY 3)

Purposes Assessment Tool Key answers Score

Tract organs, there are :

1. Oral Cavity 1
2. Pharynx and 1
Mention the tract of digestive system at esophagus
human? 3. Gastric 1
4. Small intestine 1
5. Colon 1
6. Anus 1
Score 6
Mention the gland of digestive system
at human? Gland organs, There are :
1
1. Saliva gland
2. Liver 1
3. Pancreas
1
To mention
Score 3
digestive tract
and digestive Digestion Tools:
glands 1. Saliva glands 1
1. Pharynx 1
1
10. Gastric
1
14. Small intestine 1
22. Appendix 1

Observe pictures of digestion organ

below and fill in numbers 1, 6, 10, 15,
22!

Score 5
 Purposes Assessment Tool Key answers Score
The function of Liver :
• Result in bile (as an exocrine gland),
which collects in the gallbladder, 2
Write 3 function of • Stores of fat and glycogen and
Liver (hepatic) ! albumin, 2
• Synthesize proteins in blood plasma,
To explain 2
function of
digestive tract Score 6
and digestive Stomach has the following functions:
glands a) Motoric function is to
accommodate the food, breaking
Write 2 function of food into small particles and save 2,5
Stomach (gastric) ! with stomach acid.
b) Secretion and digestion function is
to secrete pepsin and HCl which
will memeeah protein into peptone.
2,5
Score 5
What is the difference Digestive tract is alimentary canal is a
between digestive tract channel through which food materials.
3
To different and digestive glands ? while, digestive gland is the part that
between digestive secrete enzymes to help digest food.
tract and
digestive glands

Score 3

Total Score 28

H. SCORING TECHNIQUES
Acquisitio n Score
Value = x100
Maximum Score
Acquisitio n Score
= x 100
28

Makassar, Mei 2010

 Know,

Headmaster Biology teacher

(…………………….) (…………………)
ID : ID :
 Students Work Sheet
Standard Competency : 3. Describe the structure and function of certain
human and animal organs, disorders /
diseases that may occur and their
implications on environmental science
technology and society.

Basic Competency : 3.3 Explain the relationship between structure,

function, processes, and disorders / diseases
that can occur in the digestive system in
human and animal foods (eg ruminants).

Indicators : 1. Explain the structure and function of

digestion system tools.

Activity 1
Complete the picture !!!!
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Activity II

No Organ Function

1 Rongga Mulut

2 Faring & Kerongkongan

3 Lambung

4 Pankreas

5 Hati

6 Usus Halus

7 Usus Besar
Activity III
1. what is the difference between digestive tract and digestive glands ?
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2. Mention the tract of digestive system at human?
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3. Write 5 tongue function in the oral cavity ?
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4. Mention the gland of digestive system at human?
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5. What the function of digestive glands?
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