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Learners Guide
SPANISH
LEARNERS GUIDE
Contents
Overview of the Course and Study Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Whats in it and how to get the most out of it
Grammar Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Handy reference with all the rules and lots of examples
Spanish-English Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Look up the meaning of any word that appears in the program
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Introduction
Recurring Features
Word Bank
Each lesson opens with a Word Bank that contains all the new words for that lesson
together with their English translations. Dont worry, theres a comprehensive
glossary beginning on page 22 of this booklet that contains all the terms covered in
the course, so youll never be at a loss for words. Spend a few minutes reviewing the
Word Bank before beginning each lesson, but dont try to learn all the meanings at
once. Theyll come up in context one by one, and thats when the real learning will
take place.
Close-Up
These brief segments each address a different aspect of grammar, spelling, or
punctuation. Generally, a rule is stated with examples, together with any major
exceptions.
Pronunciation
These segments, which are always accompanied by a recorded exercise, provide tips
on correct pronunciation. Remember to take advantage of the native Spanish voices
on the audio and try to imitate exactly what you hear. Heres a trick: everyone
knows how to put on a Spanish accent. When youre speaking Spanish with the
audio, try to impersonate a Spanish or Latin American person speaking the Spanish
words. Youll be amazed how much it helps.
Did You Know?
These segments focus on cultural aspects of the major Spanish-speaking countries.
Weve kept it very practical, discussing such things as levels of formality, business
hours, and so on.
Checkpoints
This segment comes at the very end of each unit, and is designed to give you an
opportunity to test yourself on what youve learned. All the major points of the unit
are included, and if you pass the test, youre ready to move on to the next unit.
Extra!
This material is designed to give you the opportunity to take on an additional
challenge to expand beyond the level of the unit youve just completed. But
dont worry, its entirely optional. With this in mind, weve carefully separated this
material from the rest of the unit, placing it at the very back of the course book.
2 Spanish
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Introduction
4 Spanish
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Grammar
Section
In this section, youll find all the grammar from this course plus additional grammar
explanations. It fills in details not explained to give you a more comprehensive overview of
the fundamentals of Spanish grammar. However, you do not need to refer to this section
in order to begin or complete the units sucessfully.
ah
be
ce
de
eh
efe
ge
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
ache
i
jota
ka
ele
eme
ene
O
P
Q
R
S
T
ee
o
pe
cu
ere
ese
te
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
u
uve
doble ve
equis
i griega
zeta
Until 1994, ch and ll were regarded as separate letters and had their own sections in the
dictionary. Although most dictionaries published since then will have made the change,
there will still be some that use the old format. The letter is still treated as a separate
letter; for example, soar, to dream follows sonar, to sound.
1. Spelling
The spelling of Spanish corresponds quite closely to its pronunciation. Pronunciation
sections at the end of each unit in the course book provide detailed guidance.
Words that end in a consonant other than -n or -s are stressed on the last syllable: llegar,
beber, vivir, ciudad, reloj, principal, arroz.
Words that do not conform to either of those rules have an acute accent () on the vowel
that is stressed.
Verbs in the preterite and future tenses have an accent on the final vowel: llegu, lleg,
llegar, llegars, llegar, llegarn
Words that end in -n, -n, -n, and -s also have an accent on the final vowel: estacin,
caimn, sartn, ingls. However, these words do not have accents in the plural (or in the
feminine, where this form exists), because they conform to the first rule: estaciones,
caimanes, sartenes, ingleses, inglesa.
Words that are stressed two syllables from the end carry an accent: poltico, malsimo,
often require an accent when pronouns are attached to them: escribindole.
Crdoba. Verbs
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Grammar
Interrogative (question) words have accents: Qu? Cuntos? Por qu? De quin es?
Accents are also used to distinguish words that are otherwise spelled the same way:
si = if, s = yes, mi = my, m = me; el = the, l = he/him.
The other diacritical marks that are used in Spanish are:
the tilde on the letter , as in seor and Espaa.
the diaresis, or umlaut, that indicates that the u is pronounced in
the combinations ge and gi: antigedades.
2. Nouns
Nouns are words that name something. A noun can be an idea, a person, a place,
a quality, or a thing.
Gender
In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminineeven if they are concepts or
inanimate objects.
In general, nouns referring to male beings are masculine (el hombre, el chico, el toro) and
those referring to female beings are feminine (la mujer, la chica, la vaca). However, some
nouns that might seem to have a particular gender are the same for both sexes. For
example, una persona is a grammatically feminine noun regardless of the sex of the person
you are referring to: Juan es una persona amable.
Most nouns that end in -o are masculine: el libro, el cuarto. Exceptions include la mano,
la foto, and la moto.
Most nouns that end in -a are feminine: la silla, la mesa. Exceptions include:
nouns that end in -ista that refer to a human male: el taxista, el comunista,
el deportista.
Plurals
Nouns that end in a vowel add -s; those that end in a consonant add -es: libro/libros,
cine/cines, casa/casas, ciudad/ciudades, catedral/catedrales, mes/meses.
However:
singular nouns that end in -z change the -z to -ces in the plural: vez/veces.
singular nouns that end in -n, -n, or -n lose their accents in the plural:
estacin/estaciones.
days of the week that end in -es do not change in the plural: el lunes/los lunes.
last names do not change in the plural: los Gmez.
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3. Deter miners
This is a general term for some of the words that place nouns in a context. Some articles
indicate that the speaker assumes that the listener knows the person, thing, or idea referred
to. Other articles show to whom the person, thing, or idea belongs, how many there are,
and so on.
DEFINITE ARTICLE (the)
Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Plural
el
los
la
las
una
unas
Exceptions: The masculine forms el and un are used before feminine nouns that begin
with stressed a or ha: el agua/las aguas. The words de and el combine to become del, while
a and el become al.
However, this is often not expressed when it would refer to a singular noun:
Quieres caf?
Would you like some coffee?
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Grammar
4. Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns. In Spanish, adjectives must agree in both gender and
number with the nouns they describe.
un chico alto
a tall boy
unos chicos altos
some tall boys
unas chicas altas
some tall girls
Adjectives that end in -o have four forms:
MASCULINE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
nuevo
nueva
nuevas
nuevos
FEMININE
Adjectives that end in -e or in a consonant have different singular and plural forms, but
the masculine and feminine forms are the same: verde/verdes, gris/grises.
Adjectives denoting nationality have four forms, regardless of the ending:
espaol
espaoles
espaola
espaolas
ingls
ingleses
inglesa
inglesas
Note that the accent is lost when singular nouns that end in -s become plural nouns.
Adjectives that end in -dor, -n, and -n also have four forms:
encantador
encantadores
encantadora
encantadoras
Position of Adjectives
In Spanish, adjectives usually come after a noun:
El Orinoco es un ro ancho.
The Orinoco is a wide river.
There are a few common adjectives that can precede the noun, especially ordinal numbers
(primero, segundo, tercero) and these pairs: bueno/malo and alguno/ninguno.
Qu mal ejemplo!
What a bad example!
Vivimos en el tercer piso.
We live on the third floor.
No hay ningn problema.
Theres no problem.
Note that all of these words have shortened forms when used with masculine singular
nouns (for example, mal, not malo). Grande is shortened to gran before singular nouns.
ste es mi gran amigo Juanito.
This is my good friend Johnny.
Es una gran tradicin.
Its a great tradition.
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Comparatives
There are three ways to compare things:
ms . . . que
more... than:
La Argentina es ms grande que Paraguay.
menos . . . que
less...than:
Note that the following comparative words are used without ms:
mejor
better
un piso mejor
a better apartment
peor
worse
es peor que . . .
its worse than...
mayor older, bigger
es el mayor de todos its the biggest of all
menor younger, smaller
mi hermana menor
my younger sister
Superlatives
Use ms and menos to indicate the most and the least:
Es la tienda ms grande de la ciudad.
Its the biggest store in the city.
Es la revista menos interesante.
Its the least interesting magazine.
Use mejor or peor and mayor or menor in a similar way:
Es el peor aeropuerto del mundo.
Its the worst airport in the world.
Note that de, not en, is used after a superlative.
To indicate that something is extremely good, bad, and so on, add -simo or sima
to the adjective:
La pelcula fue malsima.
The movie was very, very bad.
Demonstratives
There are three ways to say this, that, or those in Spanish (demonstrative adjectives):
este
ese
aquel
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Grammar
this book
this magazine
that book
that magazine
that book
that magazine
estos libros
estas revistas
esos libros
esas revistas
aquellos libros
aquellas revistas
these books
these magazines
those books
those magazines
those books
those magazines
There are also neuter formsesto, eso, and aquellothat are used when the gender
is not known:
Qu es esto/eso/aquello?
Whats this/that?
5. Possession
Spanish does not have the equivalent of the apostrophe s. To say that something
belongs to someone, you must use de + noun:
De quin es este bolso? Es de Rosa. Es el bolso de Rosa.
Possessive Adjectives
Remember that these words must agree with the objects possessed, not with the persons
or things that possess them:
mi, mis
tu, tus
su, sus
my
your
his, her, its, your
our
your
their, your
The ambiguity of su and sus can create problems. How do we know if it indicates the
words his, her, it, yours, or theirs? The meaning is often obvious from the
context, as in the example above. However, if there is the possibility of misunderstanding,
you can use de and a pronoun. For example, de usted or de ella.
Es sta la chaqueta de su hijo?
Is this your sons jacket?
Possessive Pronouns
el mo
el tuyo
el suyo
el nuestro
el vuestro
el suyo
10 Spanish
la ma
la tuya
la suya
la nuestra
la vuestra
la suya
los mos
los tuyos
los suyos
los nuestros
los vuestros
los suyos
las mas
las tuyas
las suyas
las nuestras
las vuestras
las suyas
mine
yours (t)
his/hers/yours (usted)
ours
yours (vosotros)
theirs/yours (ustedes)
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6. Pronouns
Pronouns take the place of, or stand in for, nouns. As in English, Spanish pronouns vary
depending on their grammatical function.
Personal Pronouns
SUBJECT
DIRECT
OBJECT
INDIRECT
OBJECT
REFLEXIVE
PREPOSITIONAL
yo
t
l
ella
usted
me
te
lo
la
lo/la
me
te
le
le
le
me
te
se
se
se
m
ti
l
ella
usted
I
you
he/him
she/her
you
nosotros/as
vosotros/as
ellos
ellas
ustedes
nos
os
los
las
los/las
nos
os
les
les
les
nos
os
se
se
se
nosotros/as
vosotros/as
ellos
ellas
ustedes
we/us
you
they/them (m)
they/them (f)
you (pl)
Subject Pronouns
In Spanish, one can usually identify the doer of an action by the verb ending. Subject
pronouns are used with a verb only for emphasis or for clarity.
Bueno. Yo ir de compras y t limpiars la casa.
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Grammar
11
Lo is
Lo and la correspond
to it and los or las to them, and each must agree with the
gender of the object being referred to:
El buzn? Ah, s, lo veo.
The mailbox? Oh, yes, I see it.
La msica? No, no la oigo.
The music? No, I dont hear it.
Note that le means both to him and to her. Les means to them, and is used to
refer to both genders.
When a direct and indirect object occur together, the indirect always comes first:
Me lo mandaste?
Did you send it to me?
In Spanish, two pronouns beginning with the letter l are not used together: the first
(the indirect) is always changed to se:
S, seor, se lo mand.
Yes, sir, I sent it to you. (le lo would be incorrect)
Because usted and ustedes are third person pronouns, the direct objects are lo and los
(masculine) and la and las (feminine). The indirect objects are le and les:
Ya la conozco, verdad?
I know you, dont I?
Qu les pas?
What happened to you?
Le escribiremos pronto.
Well write to you soon.
Se lo mandaremos.
Well send it to you.
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positive imperatives:
Hgalo ahora mismo!
Sintese!
Do it right now!
Sit down!
Prepositional Pronouns
These are pronouns that are used after prepositions. Except for m and ti, they are
the same as the subject pronouns.
Esto es para usted.
This is for you.
No vayan sin m!
Dont go without me!
Note the special forms conmigo meaning with me and contigo meaning with you:
Vienes conmigo?
Are you coming with me?
S, voy contigo.
Yes, Ill go with you.
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Grammar
13
7.
Negatives
To make a verb negative, simply place no before it:
Voy al supermercado.
Im going to the supermarket.
No voy al supermercado. Im not going to the supermarket.
Other negative words are:
nada
nothing
nadie
nobody, no one
nunca
never
jams
never
ninguno (ningn)
ni . . . ni . . .
neither... nor...
tampoco
Double negatives are the correct form in Spanish, but not in English.
No veo nada.
I cannot see anything. (Not: I cannot see nothing.)
Aqu no hay nadie.
Theres nobody here.
There isnt anybody here.
If the negative word follows the verb in Spanish, no must be placed before the verb as a
kind of warning that a negative is coming:
Nadie contesta. or No contesta nadie.
Nobody answers.
Nunca como carne.
I never eat meat.
Ellos no comen ni pescado ni carne.
They eat neither fish nor meat.
Tampoco is
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8. Adverbs
Adverbs are words that modify verbs and adjectives. Just as English adds -ly to an adjective
to make an adverb, so in Spanish you add -mente to the word. (Note that Spanish adds
this suffix to the feminine form of the adjective if one exists.)
lento/lenta slow
lentamente
slowly
nacional
national
nacionalmente
nationally
9. Prepositions
A preposition is a connecting word. It permits speakers to indicate relationships between
people, objects, and various combinations of both.
to
on the right of
on the left of
at the end of
next to, beside
on the other side of
around
before
near
with
against
of, from
under, beneath
in front of
inside, within
since, from
after
behind
durante
en
en lugar de
en medio de
en vez de
encima de
enfrente de
entre
fuera de
hacia
hasta
junto a
lejos de
para
por
segn
sin
sobre
during
in, on
in place of
in the middle of
instead of
over, above
opposite
between, among
outside
toward
as far as, until
next to
far from
for, in order to
by, through
according to
without
on, regarding
p a ra and p or
Para means
(intended) for:
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Grammar
15
Por means
by or through:
for now
por la maana
in the morning
por si acaso
just in case
Por Dios!
The Personal A:
When a specific person is the direct object of a verb, his or her name or title is
preceded by the word a.
S, conozco a Gerardo Aparicio.
Yes, I know Gerardo Aparicio.
Vimos al jugador de ftbol Jos Arza.
We saw the soccer player Jos Arza.
10. Verbs
Verbs are used to say what is happening, tell how someone feels, or to describe a
particular situation.
Juana no est, Corina tiene dolor de cabeza y es hora de cenar.
Juana isnt here, Corina has a headache, and its time for supper.
In English, the infinitive form of a verb is composed of two words, to and the verb. In
Spanish, infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir. The stem of a Spanish verb is the part that
remains when you remove the two-letter ending (though in some cases the stem may have
a special form). Verbs that behave according to the typical pattern of their group are called
regular; those that vary are called irregular.
Verb endings reflect the person or persons they refer to. Yo or I is the first person
singular, t or you the second, and l, ella, or he, she, and it are the third person
singular. Nosotros/as, vosotros/as, and ellos/as, or we, you, they are called the first,
second, and third person plural forms. The singular and plural polite forms of you in
Spanish, usted and ustedes, use the third person forms of the verb; the familiar form of
you, t, uses the second person singular. The second person plural form, vosotros/as, is
used in Spain but not in Latin America.
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Qu vamos a hacer?
all prepositions:
I dont want to go without seeing Luisa.
Necesito dinero para comprar un coche. I need money in order to buy a car.
No quiero ir sin ver a Luisa.
The gerund is sometimes called the present participle. It corresponds more or less to the
-ing ending in English, when this means while or by doing.
Me torc el pie bajando del autobs.
I twisted my foot (while) getting
off the bus.
No te vas a ganar la vida tocando
Youre not going to earn a living (by)
la guitarra.
playing the guitar.
The gerund is also used to form the continuous tenses (see the following pages).
Verb Tenses
Present Tense (Present Indicative)
Endings:
-ar:
-o
-as
-a
-amos
-is
-an
-er
-ir:
-o
-o
-es
-es
-e
-e
-emos*
-imos
-is*
-s*
-en
-en
*Apart from these endings, -er and -ir verbs have identical endings in this and other tenses.
The present tense is used to indicate things that happen regularly or repeatedly:
Cada ao vamos a Venezuela.
Every year we go to Venezuela.
Marta visita a su madre a menudo.
Marta visits her mother often.
It also indicates what is happening at the moment:
Yo leo una novela. Y t qu haces? Im reading a novel. What are you doing?
Escribo una carta.
Im writing a letter.
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Grammar
17
Roberto has been working in Caracas for a year. Hes been working there since April.
Present Continuous
This tense consists of estar + a gerund, and it is used, as it is in English, to indicate what is
going on at a particular time:
Qu ests haciendo?
What are you doing?
Estoy estudiando.
Im studying.
Note that this tense cannot be used in phrases like What are you doing this evening?
This is because the action will be happening in the future, it is not happening right now.
Use the present indicative for this.
Simple Past
Endings:
-ar:
-er:
-ir:
-
-
-
-aste
-iste
-iste
-
-i
-i
-amos
-imos
-imos
-asteis
-isteis
-isteis
-aron
-ieron
-ieron
Imper fect
Endings:
-ar:
-er/-ir:
-aba
-a
-abas
-as
-aba
-a
-bamos
-amos
-abais
-ais
-aban
-an
Note these exceptions: ver becomes vea, ser becomes era, and ir becomes iba.
This tense is used to say what was happening or what used to happen.
Qu hacas antes?
What were you doing before?
Estudiaba.
I used to study.
Cuando trabajaba en Chile, pasaba todos mis fines de semana en el campo.
When I was working in Chile, I used to spend all my weekends in the country.
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This tense is often used together with the simple past to describe what was going on at
the time that the event in the past occurred:
Me afeitaba cuando llegaste.
I was shaving when you arrived.
Per fect
This tense is formed from the present tense of haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habis, han) and a
past participle. Regular past participles are formed by changing -ar to -ado, and -er/-ir to
-ido.
abierto
cubierto
dicho
escrito
frito
hacer
poner
romper
ver
volver
hecho
puesto
roto
visto
vuelto
This tense tells you what has happened. It corresponds almost exactly to its English
equivalent:
Qu han hecho ustedes?
What have you done?
Hemos estado en el museo.
Weve been in the museum.
Future
All three conjugations have the same set of endings in the future tense: -, -s, -, -emos,
most cases, the infinitive serves as the stem (for example, visitar). These verbs
have irregular stems. Note, however, that all of the stems end in r:
-is, -n. In
decir
hacer
haber
poder
poner
dir
har
habr
podr
pondr
querer
saber
tener
valer
venir
querr
sabr
tendr
valdr
vendr
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Grammar
19
You can also say what you are going to do, by using ir a and an infinitive:
Qu vas a hacer?
What are you going to do?
Voy a llamar a la polica.
Im going to call the police.
There are also phrases like me gustara meaning I would like that express what might
happen.
Me gustara ver la catedral.
This is an example of the conditional tense, which uses the same stemsregular and
irregularas the future tense does.
Imperative or Command
Most of the commands in this book are given in the usted/ustedes form. For -ar verbs,
replace the ending with -e or -en. For -er and -ir verbs, replace the ending with -a or -an.
Singular:
Conteste estas preguntas.
Answer these questions.
No coma las zanahorias.
Dont eat the carrots.
Plural:
No contesten esas preguntas.
Coman las tapas.
You will encounter positive commands that resemble the second person present form
but without the final -s. These are informal, or t, commands:
Contesta esas preguntas.
Come la torta.
The simplest way to say lets do something is to use vamos a and an infinitive:
Vamos a comer.
Lets eat.
s er and est a r
Although both of these verbs mean to be, they are not interchangeable. Each has
its own specific functions.
Ser is used:
to say who or what a person or a thing is:
Carmen is a student.
with adjectives, to talk about qualities that are innate or natural to the person or thing
being described:
El estado de Tejas es muy grande. The state of Texas is very large.
Carmen es estudiante.
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Estar is
used:
to say where somebody or something is:
Dnde est Sevilla?
Where is Seville?
Debemos estudiar.
Tenemos que volver ahora.
Deberas ir al mdico.
What?
Dnde?
Where?
Quin?
Who?
De dnde?
Where from?
Cul/Cules?
Cmo?
How?
De quin?
Whose?
Qu haces?
Cunto/a?
How much?
Cuntos/as?
How many?
De dnde eres?
Cundo?
When?
Qu buen chico!
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Grammar
21
Spanish-English
A
a la plancha grilled
a las tres de la maana at
3 oclock in the morning
a pie on foot
a todas partes everywhere
a veces sometimes
abierto/a open
abono a travelcard
el abrigo overcoat
abrir to open
el/la abuelo/a grandfather/
grandmother
aburrido boring
el accidente accident
el aceite oil
las aceitunas olives
aceptar to accept
acompaar to accompany
acordarse (ue) to remember
acostarse (ue) to go to bed
el actor actor
la actriz actress
actualmente at the moment
adelgazar to lose weight
Adnde? Where to?
el aeropuerto airport
el/la aficionado/a fan
afuera outside
las afueras suburbs
agradable pleasant
el agua mineral mineral water
ah there (by you)
ahora now
22 Spanish
el aire air
la Argentina Argentina
arriba upstairs
el arte art
el artculo article
al vapor steamed
alemn/alemana German
el asiento seat
alguno/a some
la aspirina aspirin
all there
atlntico Atlantic
Australia Australia
el autobs bus
el alpinismo climbing,
mountaineering
la avenida avenue
alrededor de around
la avera a breakdown
alto/a tall
el avin airplane
amarillo/a yellow
avisar to tell
ambos/as both
la avispa wasp
americano/a American
azteca Aztec
el azcar sugar
andando on foot
azul blue
andar to walk
el azulejo tile
la autopista highway
el agujero hole
Glossary
el ao year
el banco bank
un aparador sideboard
la bandeja tray
baarse to bathe
aparcar to park
la baera bath
aparte separate
barato/a cheap
el aperitivo aperitif
aqu here
el rbol tree
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
beige beige
la biblioteca library
la camisa shirt
la clase class
la bicicleta bicycle
la camiseta tee-shirt
clsico/a classical
el clima climate
el bistec steak
cansado/a tired
el coche car
blanco/a white
la cara face
la blusa blouse
el bocadillo sandwich
la carne meat
la cocina kitchen
el carnet (documento) de
identidad identity card
coleccionar to collect
caro/a expensive
la carretera road
el bonito tuna
el bote jar
la carta menu
el boxeo boxing
Buenas tardes. Good
afternoon./Good evening.
la casa house
casado/a married
bueno/a good, OK
la catedral cathedral
la butaca armchair
cerca near
completamente completely
cerrado/a closed
comprender to understand
cerrar to close
comprobar to check
caer to fall
la cerveza beer
la computadora computer
la chaqueta jacket
con with
charlar to chat
C
caballeros (servicios de . . . ) mens
bathrooms
el concierto concert
chileno/a Chilean
chino Chinese
el calcetn sock
la chuleta chop
el consejo advice
la calidad quality
el ciclismo cycling
el cine cinema
la calle street
circular circular
continuar to continue
el corazn heart
la corbata tie
cambiar to change
el cordero lamb
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
GlossaryVEC23
el deporte sport
la docena dozen
corto/a short
el dlar dollar
la costa coast
el depsito tank
el dolor pain
la crema cream
la derecha right
desaparecer to disappear
el dolor de
estmago stomachache
cruzar to cross
domingo Sunday
describir to describe
Dnde? Where?
dormir to sleep
desde from
la ducha shower
despacio slow
ducharse to shower
durante during
cuarto/a fourth
despus after
durar to last
el destino destination
el desvn attic
la cuchara spoon
echar to put
el cuchillo knife
la edad age
el edificio building
el da day
el embarque boarding
la diarrea diarrhea
el cumpleaos birthday
el dibujo drawing
el empaste filling
el diccionario dictionary
el diccionario de espaol
Spanish dictionary
en in, on
dar to give
el dinero money
de of, from
cuidado be careful
24 Spanish
doble double
el ejercicio exercise
en lugar de instead of
la discoteca disco
distinto/a different
la diversin entertainment
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
el estudio study
Estupendo! Wonderful!
excepto except
general general
entre between
extranjero/a foreign
la gente people
envolver to wrap
extrao/a strange
el gimnasio gymnasium
el golf golf
el equipaje luggage
el equipaje de mano hand luggage
el equipo team
equivocado/a wrong
la falda skirt
el grado degree
la familia family
gramos grams
escocs/escocesa Scottish
la farmacia pharmacy
escoger to choose
grande big
escribir to write
el final end
la escultura sculpture
firmar to sign
espacioso/a spacious
el flan pudding
Espaa Spain
flojo/a loose
espaol/a Spanish
la flor flower
especial special
la foto(grafa) photo(graph)
francamente frankly
el espejo mirror
francs/francesa French
esperar to wait
Francia France
fro/a cold
esquiar to ski
frito/a fried
la habitacin room
la esquina corner
la fuente fountain
la estacin station
fumador smoker
estacionado parked
la fresa strawberry
estampado/a patterned
el estante shelf
gals/galesa Welsh
la galleta biscuit
la ganga bargain
el garaje garage
ste/sta this
el gasleo fuel
la gasolina gasoline/petrol
estudiar to study
la gripe flu
gris grey
la gra tow truck
el grupo group
guapo/a pretty, good-looking
el/la gua guide
la guitarra guitar
gustar to please, to like
hablar to speak
hacer to make/to do
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
GlossaryVEC25
Italia Italy
el limn lemon
la izquierda left
limpiar to clean
la lnea line
el jamn ham
el litro liter
japons/japonesa Japanese
la llave key
el jardn garden
la llegada arrival
hermoso/a beautiful
lleno/a full
el jerez sherry
hinchado/a swollen
el jersey sweater
Lo siento. Im sorry.
el hogar home
jubilarse to retire
Hola. Hi.
el jugo juice
Londres London
el lugar place
el horario timetable
lunes Monday
el kilo kilo
la madre mother
el kilmetro kilometer
Madrid Madrid
el kiosco a kiosk
el hospital hospital
el hotel hotel
hoy today
el huevo egg
I
ida one way
la idea idea
limpio/a clean
la maleta suitcase
el idioma language
igual same
incluido/a included
la lmpara lamp
Inglaterra England
largo/a long
ingls/inglesa English
la lata can
el inmueble building
el lavabo washbasin
el insecto insect
lavarse to wash
el instituto de segunda
enseanza secondary school
la leche milk
leer to read
interesante interesting
lejos far
el invierno winter
levantarse to get up
invitar to invite
libre free
la inyeccin injection
la librera bookstore
ir to go
ir de compras to go shopping
26 Spanish
la lechuga lettuce
maana tomorrow
la maana morning
manchego/a from La Mancha
la mano hand
la manta blanket
mantenerse en forma to keep fit
la manzana apple
el mapa map
la mquina fotogrfica camera
la maravilla marvel, wonderful
la marca brand, make
marcharse to leave
el marido husband
los mariscos seafood
marrn brown
martes Tuesday
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
ms more
ms bajo lower
muerto/a dead
la matrcula registration
la mujer woman/wife
la pera opera
mayor older
el museo museum
el ordenador computer
me encanta I love
la orquesta orchestra
oscuro dark
el otoo autumn
N
la nacionalidad nationality
nadar to swim
naranja orange
el padre father
necesitar to need
la pgina page
negro/a black
No. No.
el nombre name
el norte north
mexicano/a Mexican
la pantalla screen
norteamericano/a (North)
American
Mxico Mexico
mi my
nosotros/as we
mientras while
el parabrisas windshield
mircoles Wednesday
el minibar minibar
la nube cloud
parar to stop
nuestros/as our
la pared wall
mismo/a same
el nmero number
moderno/a modern
el pasaporte passport
nunca never
el monumento monument
el paquete pack
la parada stop
el mostrador counter
o or
el pastel cake
el motor engine
la oferta offer
la oficina office
el pasillo corridor
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
GlossaryVEC27
el patio yard
el queso cheese
Quin? Who?
quinto/a fifth
el pepino cucumber
pequeo/a small
la porcelana porcelain
la postal postcard
perfectamente perfectly
el postre dessert
rpido/a fast
practicar to practice
el precio price
el peridico newspaper
preferido/a favorite
pero but
preocupar to worry
el pescado fish
preparar to prepare
la receta prescription
previsto/a due
recibir to receive
la prima cousin
el recibo receipt
la pesca fishing
la primavera spring
reducido/a reduced
el pico peak
primero/a first
el regalo present
el pie foot
la regin region
la piel skin
principalmente mainly
el pinchazo puncture
rellenar to fill in
pintar to paint
la profesin profession
la pintura painting
el programa program
repetir to repeat
el piso floor
reponerse to recover
la propina tip
reservar to reserve
el restaurante restaurant
el retraso delay
la puerta door
la revista magazine
la playa beach
la plaza square
pues well
rojo/a red
un poco a little
puro/a pure
el ro river
la ropa clothes
la polica police
Qu? What?
la rueda wheel
28 Spanish
rosa pink
el ruido noise
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
ruso/a Russian
Sevilla Seville
el taxi taxi
S. Yes.
la taza cup
si if
siempre always
el teatro theater
sbado Saturday
el techo roof
la sbana sheet
el siglo century
el telfono telephone
saber to know
siguiente next
la silla chair
la temperatura temperature
el templo temple
la sal salt
temprano early
situado situated
el tenedor fork
el tenis tennis
la salchicha sausage
el sof sofa
la salida exit
tercero/a third
salir to leave
el sombrero hat
la tienda shop
el salmn salmon
la sopa soup
la sandalia sandal
la sangre blood
su your (formal)
subir to go up
tpico/a typical
la sardina sardine
subterrneo underground
el tipo/a type
sucio/a dirty
la seccin section
sufrir to suffer
el supermercado supermarket
segundo/a second
el sur south
el sello a stamp
la semana week
sencillo/a simple
la talla size
seoras (servicios de . . . )
womens bathrooms
el tamao size
la tos cough
trabajar to work
la tarjeta card
traer to bring
la tragedia tragedy
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore
GlossaryVEC29
el traje suit
vomitar to vomit
tratar de to try to
el vuelo flight
el tren train
la trucha trout
t you
el whisky whiskey
tu your
y and
un/una a
yo I
unas/unos some
las aceitunas olives
la universidad university
la zanahoria carrot
el zapato shoe
el zumo de naranja orange juice
V
las vacaciones vacations, holidays
Vale! OK!
la vainilla vanilla
variable variable
varios/as several
el vaso (de agua) glass (of water)
la venda bandage
venir (ie) to come
el ventilador fan
ver to see
el verano summer
verde green
el vestbulo entrance hall
veranear to go on vacation
la va platform
viajar to travel
el viaje journey, trip
el viajero passenger
la vida life
viernes Friday
el vino blanco white wine
el vino tinto red wine
visitar to visit
el/la viudo/a widower/widow
30 Spanish
Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG Singapore Branch, Singapore