Principles

of Electronics
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(e.g. heat) equal to the energy difference of the orbits must be supplied. For example, the valence
band is shown to have an energy level of 0.7 eV. The conduction band is shown to have an energy
level of 1.8 eV. Thus for an electron to jump from the valence band to the conduction band, an energy
= 1.8 0.7 = 1.1 eV must be supplied. As you will see, the energy band description of substances is very
important in understanding many fields of science and engineering including electronics.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The electrons in the third orbit of an atom
have ........ energy than the electrons in the
second orbit.
(i) more
(ii) less
(iii) the same
(iv) none of the above
2. When an electron jumps from higher orbit
to a lower orbit, it ........ energy.
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(i) absorbs
(ii) emits
(iii) sometimes emits, sometimes absorbs
(iv) none of the above
3. Which of the following is quantized
according to Bohrs theory of atom ?
(i) linear momentum of electron
(ii) linear velocity of electron
(iii) angular momentum of electron
(iv) angular velocity of electron
4. A semiconductor has ........ band.
(i) almost empty valence
(ii) almost empty conduction
(iii) almost full conduction
(iv) none of the above
5. The electrons in the conduction band are
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(i) bound electrons (ii) valence electrons

(iii) free electrons (iv) none of the above

6. In insulators, the energy gap between
valence and conduction bands is ........
(i) very large
(ii) zero
(iii) very small
(iv) none of the above
7. In a conductor, the energy gap between
valence and conduction bands is ........
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(i) large
(ii) very large
(iii) very small
(iv) none of the above
8. According to Bohrs theory of atom, an
electron can move in an orbit of ........
(i) any radius
(ii) certain radius
(iii) some range of radii
(iv) none of the above
9. In a semiconductor, the energy gap between
valence and conduction bands is about ........
(i) 15 eV
(ii) 100 eV
(iii) 50 eV
(iv) 1 eV
10. The energy gap between valence and
conduction bands in insulators is about ........
(i) 15 eV
(ii) 1.5 eV
(iii) zero
(iv) 0.5 eV
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Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions

1. (i)
6. (i)

2. (ii)
7. (iii)

3. (iii)
8. (ii)

4. (ii)
9. (iv)

5. (iii)
10. (i)

Chapter Review Topics

1. Explain the salient features of Bohrs atomic model.
2. Explain the concept of energy bands in solids.
3. Describe the valence band, conduction band and forbidden energy gap with the help of energy level
diagram.
4. Give the energy band description of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

Discussion Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Why is the energy of an electron more in higher orbits ?

What is the concept of energy band ?
Why do conduction band electrons possess very high energy ?
Why are valence electrons of a material so important ?
What is the difference between energy level and energy band ?