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pulse TMS over the right superior cerebellum (lobule 6) [3] and
veried the necessity of the left superior (with visual and motor
control) and inferior cerebellum during visual working memory
with a double-pulse (1s interval) stimulation using fMRI-guided
TMS [4]. In the current follow-up study, involvement of the right
inferior cerebellum during visual working memory is further
investigated.
Methods: 9 healthy, right-handed young-adults performed 2
tasks: (1) Visual Memory TMS (VM-TMS) and (2) Verbal Memory
TMS (VERM-TMS) while a double-pulse (1s interval) stimulation
sequence was applied over the right inferior cerebellum (lobule 8A/
7B) specic to VM activation during fMRI-guided (BrainSight Ver2)
TMS (Magstim Rapid2 system with a 110mm double cone coil). Each
task comprised of two runs of 18 stimulation (Stim) and 18 nonstimulation (non-Stim) trials per run (Fig. 1). Task order was
counterbalanced across all subjects.
216
Effects of deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of
Meynert in EEG resting-state oscillatory power and phase
synchronization
H.L. Lee a,*, J. Kuhn b, K. Hardenacke b, T.O.J. Gruendler b,c,d,
T. Schueller b, V. Sturm e, J. Fell f, N. Axmacher a,g
a
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
b
University of Cologne, Germany
c
Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
c
Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
e
University of Wuerzburg, Germany
f
University of Bonn, Germany
g
Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
*E-mail: hwee-ling.lee@dzne.de.
377
219
A TMS-EEG study for attentional gating by oscillatory alpha
activity
Yuka Okazaki a,*, Yuji Mizuno a,b,c, Keiichi Kitajo a,b
a
RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan
b
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
c
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
*E-mail: y.okazaki@brain.riken.jp.
Introduction: It is well accepted that alpha activity is hemispherically lateralized during orienting of attention associated with
sensory gating. The underlying mechanism, however, has not been
fully understood. We hypothesized that ongoing oscillations are
more robust to phase perturbation under the higher alpha power
state than the lower alpha power state reecting the dynamics of
neural oscillations, which is less sensitive to external inputs. To test
this hypothesis, we assessed the extent to which phase of ongoing
oscillations is modulated by the transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) under varying alpha power states in a covert attention-orienting task.
Methods: A target Gabor stimulus was presented at a cued location in either the left or right visual hemield, together with a
distractor Gabor stimulus. The participants were asked to covertly
attend to the cued hemield and discriminate the orientation of
the target stimulus. In half of the trials TMS was applied on the left
or right visual hemisphere instead of a presentation of Gabor
stimulus. We analysed brain responses to TMS-perturbation on the
ipsilateral or contralateral hemispheres with respect to the
attentional cueing.
Results: Our key nding was that the lower alpha power
related to the target led to strong phase resetting, while the
higher alpha power related to the distracter resulted in weaker
phase resetting. Moreover, the phase resetting propagated from
the TMS-targeted visual area to the rest of the brain but the
propagation was less efcient when pre-TMS alpha power was
high.
Discussion: Our results provide a new mechanistic account that
oscillatory alpha dynamics plays an important role in sensory
gating by modulating the alpha power together with the efciency
of global propagation of phase resetting. This alpha dynamics is
presumably associated with information ow between task-relevant regions.