Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

Hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion, and milk ejection

Artificial insemination in cows, its advantages and disadvantages
Care and feeding of calves since birth up to the age of 3 months
The role of cobalt in ruminants'nutrition
Discuss in detail the digestion and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose and fats in
dairy cattle.
Discuss in detail how dairy cows can meet their requirements of essential aminoacids, as well as vitamins (except Vit, A and D) lacking in their ration.
Discuss in detail various thermo-regulatory mechanisms by which animals can
increase the heat loss from the body in summer and decrease the heat loss in winter
to avoid climatic stress'as far as possible. The exotic breeds of cows and the crossbred cows are known to be under greater stress in summer as compared to winter.
Why so? What should be done to minimize summer stress in exotic breeds of cows in
hot and high humidity areas?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Salient points to be kept in mind while collecting and transporting raw milk
Silage making and its importance in feeding dairy cows
Urea as a protein supplement for dairy cows and its limitations
Management of litter under deep-litter system of Poultry keeping, the problems
encountered and how to tackle them.
What do you understand by Pasteurization of milk?
Discuss different methods employed for pasteurization of milk giving advantages and
disadvantages of each method.
Discuss the importance and advantages of dairying under mixed farming system.
Give its disadvantages, if any.
Discuss the importance of green fodder in feeding milch animals. Give in detail a
plan to ensure supply of green fodder throughout the year, indicating the different
fodders, their dates of sowing and the time of availability of green fodder.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

Conjunctiva of the cow

Hard water
Sinus tumor
Geimsa staining
How will you find out that a trait is controlled by non-additive gene action? If the
trait is controlled by non-additive gene action, what type of selection will you
advocate to bring about improvement in the trait?
Describe the circulatory and respiratory adjustments in warm environments and
during exercise. What are the mechanisms that account for the transport of drugs
across biologic barriers? How do these mechanisms differ from one another.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Reconstitution of milk
Bone meal
Insulin
Anthrax
Extension Education has as its objective the changing of knowledge, skill and
attitude. How would you achieve this objective with a rural community in respect of
an improved animal husbandry practice?
Describe pathology, diagnosis and control of mastitis in cattle. Nothing is wasted
except the cry of an animal which is slaughtered. Substantiate this statement.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1982 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Zinc-hormonal inter-relationship
Semen diluents
Creep diet
Selenium and Vitamin E relationship
What are the various measures for evaluating feed energy? Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of each system of feed energy measurement.
How is dietary fat converted into milk fat in lactating cows?

What is meant by balanced ration for poultry?

How is it related to the least cost feed formulation Discuss giving examples.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Fodder preservation
Mixed farming vs. Specialized dairy farming
Broiler diets during starting and finishing phases Lactose synthesis
Discuss various metabolic disorders and their prevention and remedies in sheep,
goat and swine.
Discuss the comparative economics of cross bred cows and Indian buffaloes.
Discuss the legal and sanitation requirements of market milk and milk beverages.
Why cannot these be strictly followed in our country?
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Hardy-Weinberg Law
Chloropromazine
Air quality and quantity for Cows
Cocoidiosis in poultry
Discuss comparative efficiency of various sire evaluation methods employed in dairy
cattle breeding.
Explain biomechanics of bovine trunk.
Substantiate the statement. A large number of substances and a wide variety of
conditions alter aldosterone secretion.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Pasteurisation of milk
Physical and chemical changes in frozen meat
Trysem
Rennin

Describe briefly the occupational injuries and infections affecting workers in a meat
plant.
Why is Training and visit method considered more effective than traditional
extension methods?
Discuss the various methods used to control the quality products in India.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1983 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Energetic efficiency for milk production
Fat-soluble vitamins
Least-cost feed-mixes
Reproductive efficiency
Discuss in brief the significant strides made during the last few decades in
understanding the microbial ecosystem within the rumen of animals especially
highlighting the following: Type and number of organisms Activities of the organisms
Extent and scope of expression of their activities
Explain in detail the value and potential use of crop residues and agricultural byproducts in dairy cattle, sheep, goat, swine and poultry rations.
Describe in detail physiological control of mammary growth, lactogenesis and
lactation.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Goat is a poor man's cow
Dairy wastes
Herd book and performance testing
Fermented dairy foods
State briefly the progress made in recent years in understanding and modernising
the management aspects of dairy and poultry farms in our country.
India is on the threshold of providing enough milk for its teeming millions through
its planned dairy development programmes. Give your analytical comments on this.
Discuss the steps needed to be taken for furnishing the consumer with high quality
of milk in an assured and continuous manner in our country

Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Assortative mating
Radio-autography
Circus and re-entry theory of cardiac arrhythemia
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
How does the genetic composition of a population undergo changes?
Discuss the respiratory and circulatory systems of birds as contrasted to mammals
with special reference to mechanism for flying.
What steps would you take before selecting an antimicrobial agent for therapy?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Audio-visual aids
Duck virus hepatitis
Trichinelliasis
Posterior pituitary
Discuss the part played by milk dryers in the utilisation of surplus milk.
Describe the measures you would adopt to overcome the hazards of ectoparasites to
which livestock is exposed.
You are put in charge of a socially and economically backward and tradition-bound
community What will be your approach for the uplift of the community, from the
extension point of view?
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1984 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Heat increment
Digestibility Adaptability
Growth curves
Describe briefly recent advances made in mineral nutrition and metabolism of dairy
cattle.

Give the gross composition of milk. Compare the gross composition of milk of cows
with that of buffaloes.
Why is it that the milk fat percentage is so easily influenced in a given species
whereas the lactose percentage is fairly constant.
Explain the mechanism of adaptation and animal behaviour under climatic stress
conditions. Describe the methods involved in controlling climatic stress in farm
animals.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Production efficiency
Specialised dairy farming
Two-axis milk-pricing system
Double-toned milk
What is Operation Flood-II
Discuss in brief the dairy producer and co-operative marketing system recently
established in India.
Discuss critically the problems and scope of success of goat, pig and poultry farming
in India.
What kinds of concentrated and dry milks, and ice-cream and frozen deserts are now
available in India? Also describe the santation requirements plant equipment used in
making such products.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Sulphonamides
Gastrulation in mammals
Chromosomal variations
Coefficient of inbreeding
Describe how kidney functions as are one of the chief homeostatic mechanisms of
the body?
Describe how you will maintain the sanitation and general herd health on a dairy
farm having 300 heads of Jersey cattle?
Define selection Discuss the various methods or selection. Describe how you will
employ various selection aids in a pure-bred dairy herd?

Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Khoa
Meat fats
Prevention of Rabies
Producing wholesome meat
Cream is received at the creamery for production of butter. Describe in brief the
steps involved in butter manufacture, giving the essential features of each step.
Describe the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and control of Brucellosis.
Describe the exhibits you would prepare and the way you will explain the same to a
group of women to motivate them to keep cross-bred cows.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1985 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Herd recording
Haylage and silage
Trace elements
Normal lengths of estrus cycles in cow, sheep, mare and sow.
Write an essay on the utilization of either protein of carbohydrates in a dairy cow.
Justify how rumination is an essential characteristic of ruminants? Also describe in
brief the mysterious inside world of rumen.
Trace the growth and development of mammary gland from birth to parturition,
including major hormonal influences.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Milk shed area
Colostrum and its importance in calf feeding
Milk stone and its components
Modern Hatchery and Brooding management
Livestock farming is both a business and a way of life Comment on this in details.

Discuss merits and limitations, if any, of modern system of housing for young and
growing buffalo calves, dairy bulls, sows and broiler chicken. Also discuss the
importance and value of shade to farm livestock in tropical climates.
What is shelf life of different dairy products? Discuss how their shelf life can be
extended.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Navel ill
Overdominance
Additive genetic variance
Anaplasmosis
Describe the various propositions on which the modern concept of animal breeding
rests.
Define Heritability. Describe various methods of estimation of heritability.
Define programme planning. Discuss how you would prepare a plan for livestock
improvement in development blocks.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Trypanosomiasis
Mineral Components of milk
Milk fever
Cheddar cheese
Discuss the measures for dealing with outbreaks of contagious and infectious
diseases of livestock.
Describe briefly the disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in domestic
animals.
Describe the characteristics of an innovation. What should be the criterion to select a
suitable medium for the effective diffusion of an innovation?
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1986 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

How is BMR estimated? State its usefulness and the factors influencing it.
Role of calcium (Ca) in laying hens (layers).
Subabool as a fodder Calf rearing
Discuss as how to provide human protein requirements from mutton (sheep and
goat) to meet the future needs, keeping in view economics under Indian conditions.
Write an essay on Endemic Goitres with suitable preventive measures.
State as to how would you balance a ration for a given lactating cow to meet its
maintenance and production requirements? What are limitations in applying the
Western Feeding Standards for dairy animals under Indian conditions?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Physiologic response to heat in domestic animals
Production and absorption of VFA in ruminants
Importance of Vitamin A in animal nutrition
Comment on viability of swine production in India
Discuss ways and means of improving the marketing of milk and milk products in
India.
Discuss semen collection, latest Extenders used and the techniques involved for its
preservation with justification for using Exotic semen on Indian cattle.
Discuss the role of complete confinement system in the productive performance of
layers.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Genetic advance per generation
Balanced lethal
Seminal fluid
Canine Piroplasmosis
The harmful effects of inbreeding on reproductive rate and general vigour are known
to breeders. Discuss the various circumstances in which a quantitative character will
show a decline a mean phenotypic value on inbreeding.
What is regulatory veterinary medicine? As a public health veterinarian, what can
you do to control important zoonoses in your locality?

Discuss the conditions under which you would expect selection for crossbred
performance to yield better results than intrapopulation selection.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Oxytocin
Adrenal corticoids in lactation
Factorial concept
While muscle disease
Describe the changes that take place during ripening of cheddar cheese. Discuss the
factors which influence these changes.
What are the factors responsible for the maintenance of systemic blood pressure?
Discuss the pharmacological basis of use of four important hypotensive drugs.
Discuss the main characteristics of teaching and learning. Explain their importance in
Animal Husbandry Extension work.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1987 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Role of co-operatives in lowering the consumer price of live stock products
Modern dairy plant
Role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism
Significance of trace elements in animal nutrition
Discuss the statement, ruminants can utilize simple nitrogenous compounds as well
as the more complex carbohydrates which non ruminants cannot
Briefly describe the factor affecting utilization of non-protein nitrogen in the
ruminants.
Describe the Deep Frozen Semen technique as applied to artificial insemination of
farm animals. Write a critical note on its success under field condition in India.
The cost of poultry feed is going up everyday. Describe as to how you will prepare a
balanced poultry ration most economically without adversely affecting the
productivity of poultry. Will such economically made feed have any adverse effect on
the quality of eggs or poultry meat?
Section B

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Significance of Herd Recording
Role of hormones in milk secretion
Toned and Double Toned milk
Pricing Policy in respect of milk
Write a note on availability of animal feeds and feeding stuffs in country.
Parts of India are prone to drought. Describe the measures that you will take in
respect of feeding of livestock under sever drought conditions so as to safe-guard
the health of the animals.
Define Pasteurization of milk. Briefly outline the steps in the pasteurization of milk in
a modern dairy plant with the help of a milk-flow diagram.
Will it be desirable to homogenize the market milk in a metropolitan town in India?
If yes, then why? What will be the capital and land requirements of a dairy farm
having 100 adult dairy cows? Suggest a scheme for supplying green fodder
throughout the year for the above stated number of cows and followers.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Random genetic draft
Hering-Breuer Reflexes
Blending Inheritance
Haemorrhagic Septicemia
Define Selection. How will you construct Selection Indices for effecting genetic
progress for milk production in cattle?
What are Neurotransmitters present in the brain? Explain the role of Dopamine on
central nervous system.
What are the attributes of goods table meat? Write a note on the general quality of
market meat in India. What measures could be adopted to improve the quality of
meat marketed in the country?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the fallowing in about 200 words each:
Milk-fat globule
Pimply Gut

Specific combining ability

Farm and Home Programme
Discuss the processes involved in the manufacture of butter in a factory.
What are the two essential in the slaughter of feed animals? Described human
slaughtering methods
Discuss constraints in genetic improvement of dairy cattle in India, through cross
breeding.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1988 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Significance of protein quality in ruminants
Role of B vitamins in metabolism of energy and proteins
Environmental factors affecting regulatory mechanisms in animals
Milk ejection
What are the complex carbohydrates in the ruminant diet? State how are these
digested? Discuss in brief the factors affecting digestion of these substances in the
rumen.
Define growth. How growth is measured? Discuss the factors affecting growth of a
farm animal of your choice.
Write a note on the current status of knowledge about hormonal control of
mammary development and milk secretion? Discuss in brief the role of synthetic
hormones and hormone like substances in mammary growth, induction of lactation
and milk production.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Recombined and reconstituted milks
Finished ration for pigs
Balanced Dairy Ration
Moulting
On what factors will the cost of production of milk depend? Elaborate your answer in
relation to Indian conditions. Discuss in brief a suitable pricing policy that will help
increased production of milk.

What is the present status of Artificial insemination in India? What are the limitations
which have affected the popularity of A. I. In our country? Suggest the remedies
which should be adopted to make it a success?
A commercial dairy farm of 100 adult cows is to be established. Discuss the
requirements of land for fodder crops and otherwise, building, equipment and
manpower with progressive development of the farm for 3 years. Give specific
name, size and number of the equipments buildings etc.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Balanced Polymorphism
Pacemaker
Potential Path Coefficient
Tapetum Lucidum
Describe various types and methods of selection in cattle with reference to their
effectiveness and limitations. How the genetic gains so achieved may be evaluated
and what would be the most suitable practice to be recommended for our country.
Describe the role of Hematopoietic drugs in veterinary practice.
Mendelian principles form the basis for the genetic mechanisms involved in the
inheritance of Quantitative Traits. Discuss.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Lactometer
Actinomycosis
Shipping Fever
Extension Clientele
What are the concepts to be understood to take appropriate action for diagnosis,
prevention and treatment of viral diseases of cattle?
What are important Zoonotic diseases to be transmitted from animals to man
through meat and meat products? How such diseases be controlled in developing
countries like ours? What is the role of Veterinarian in this respect in view of public
health importance?
Technological transformation in Agriculture/livestock development is the key to rural
development. Discuss.

IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1989 Paper-I

Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Effect of feeding iodinated casein on milk production
Energy: Protein ratio in poultry ration
Use of hormones for growth stimulation
Goats as livestock for hills
Name the major and minor mineral elements considered essential for livestock.
What are the functions of calcium and phosphorus in the animal body? Write a note
on the inter-relationship of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in nutrition.
What are the measures of feed energy? Briefly define each. Compare the usefulness
of Total Digestible Nutrients and Metabolizable Energy as measures of feed energy in
the Indian context.
Discuss in brief the physical and physiological mechanisms of adaptation of
ruminants to hot environment. What management practices could be followed to
overcome the heat stress in livestock?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Farm land requirement for 100-adult cow dairy farm
Effect of hot weather on chickens
Hairlessness in pigs
Cultured Butter-milk
Write a note on reproductive efficiency of indigenous cows and buffaloes. Outline
steps to attain high reproductive efficiency in a herd of cows under Indian
conditions.
ANAND pattern of dairy cooperatives is an ideal example of organization of rural
milk procurement and collection Discuss. Write a note on impact of dairy
cooperatives on milk production in rural areas in India.
Define standardized milk. What are the merits in marketing standardized milk in an
Indian city? Distinguish between reconstituted recombined and filled milk. What are
the differences in the manufacturing processes and nutritional properties of the
three types of milk.
Paper-II Section A

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Diallel Cross
Genetic Homeostasis
Prostacycline
Embryo transfer as a tool for livestock development
What is meant by breeding value? Evolve a programme for estimating the breeding
value of sire used for improvement in a sex limited trait of economic importance.
Considering that large number of animal population is in villages, discuss a suitable
plan for livestock extension for integrated rural development, keeping in view the
present constraints and their remedies.
What are enkephalins? Describe the mechanism of action of opioids.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Marek's disease
Monoclonal antibodies
TRYSEM
Economic use of slaughter house by-products
Discuss the role of abattoris in the development of meat industry in India.
Discuss the current status of Rinderpest in India. Describe the strategy of prevention
and control.
What are the fermented products of milk? Assess their merits and demerits in
popularising them in rural India as a measure of profitable utilisation of surplus milk.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1990 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Computation of a balanced ration in broiler based on requirements
Calf feeding schedule for first six months
Environmental stress on grazing behaviour
Feeding of animals under drought conditions.
Write down the names of two ingredients for ruminants belonging to each of this
categories as below along with their respective crude protein and crude fibre

content: Dry roughages Succulent roughages Protein supplement concentrates

Energy feeds Also give an account of shortages in animal feeds and how do you
think you can overcome it?
Give in brief the endocrinological role (mentioning secretary organ and target organ)
in pregnancy and parturition. Name the hormones involved in cases of holding up of
milk, threatened aboration and recurrent inflamation.
What are vitamins? Give the bio-chemicals mechanism of vision during light and
darkness. Name the vitamins necessary for fertility in animals. Also indicate some
vitamins which are complimentary in action to certain minerals.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Hormonal development of mammary gland
Adaptation to thermal stress in animals
Milk Standardisation
Mineral inter-relationship
Describe the salient differences between semen of buffalo, bull and cow bull. What
are the problems in preservation of bufallo semen? Also describe the procedure of
preserving semen by deep freezing technique.
A farmer is interested in starting a 10 milch cows dairy unit. How would you advise
him about space/land requirement, type and amount of feeds and fodders, heat
detection procedure, artificial insemination, milking and other measures for making
it a profitable venture.
Explain as to how would you balance a ration for a given lactating cow to meet its
maintenance and production requirements? What are the limitations in applying the
western Feeding Standards for dairy animals under Indian conditions? Discuss.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Breeding For Threshold Traits
Reciprocal: Recurrent Selection
Phenotypic Assortative Mating
Correlated Response
What is meant by outbreeding? Mention different systems of breeding. How can a
breeder use appropriate system of outbreeding as a tool in bringing about genetic
improvement in dairy cattle and buffaloes?

Describe various methods of estimating heritability with reference to their

effectiveness and precision. How can the knowledge of heritability of different traits
help in bringing about improvement in productivity of livestock?
Describe Multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) technology, cloning, and sex
selection in embryos. What role do you envisage for these latest technologies in the
livestock industry of tomorrow?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
Commercial Use Of Slaughter House By Products
Foot And Mouth Disease
Extension Clientele
Define clarification homogenisation pasteurisation and sterilisation of milk. Briefly
narrate the principles involved in H. T. S. T. And Holder method of pasteurisation.
What is the acceptable Indian Standard Plate Count/ml (per ml) for pasteurised milk
at the plant in its final container?
What are the common Blood protozoan diseases of cattle? What effective steps can
be taker to present and control these diseases specially in dairy cattle crossbreds?
Elaborate the duties and role of Veterinarians in a slaughter house in ensuring
hygienic meat supply to human population.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1991 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Significance of urea feeding in cattle
Deep freezing of semen of cattle and buffalo
Mineral requirements of a lactating cow
Adaptation of goats from the stand-points of land use and economy
Name and discuss the pertinent points which need to be considered for feeding: Dry
cows Cows at calving times Calves up to the age of 4 months
Discuss the advantages and limitations of each of the following methods for
evaluating feeds: Chemical analysis Total digestible nutrients Feeding trials
How would you establish a flock of about 100 sheep? What factors would you
consider? Justify your decisions.

Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Advantages and limitations of Artificial Insemination
Methods of controlling climatic stress in cattle
Nutritive values of pasteurized, standardized and homogenized milk
Sanitary requirements for producing clean milk
What are the problems in collection and transportation of raw milk from rural to
urban areas in India? How can these be overcome?
Discuss the physiological and environmental factors which affect the amount and
composition of milk in dairy cattle.
Discuss the role of rumen in digesting protein and non-protein nitrogenous feed
materials. Also state how the ruminants satisfy their requirements of essential amino
acids by this process.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Resemblance between Relatives Rotational Crossbreeding Selection Index
Linebreeding
What is General combining Ability and what is Specific Combining Ability? How can
these be exploited by a breeder for enhancing livestock productivity?
What is variance? Describe different methods of partitioning Variance into all its
component. How can you use the knowledge of different components of variance in
planning breeding strategies for livestock?
Write an essay on Hardy-Weinberg Law. Elaborate the three steps in which it is
derived. Also describe Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Black Quarter
Common Histological Stains
Rinderpest
Ice Cream and Kulfi
Write down the names of five common poultry diseases along with their etiology and
two important symptoms. Also write six major methods for the prevention of all
these diseases in general.

Describe the different extension methods adopted to educate farmers under rural
conditions. What are the advantages and limitations of these methods?
What is the current status of dairy cattle cross breeding in India? What are the
different limiting factors associated with crossbreeding as a method of upgrading
local cattle? Enumerate the solutions which can give a further fillip to the
crossbreeding work so as to augment milk production.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1992 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Factors affecting nutrients consumption by large ruminants
Trace elements requirements of poultry for egg
Recommendations for improving feed resources in India
Role of water-soluble vitamins in animal health
Mineral mixtures are routinely used as supplement to feeding rations. What do they
contain and in what way do these components help the animal?
In feeding pigs, state the primary differences as compared to feeding of ruminants
that need to be observed. Name and discuss at least five important steps required to
balance a ration.
Compare the different system of farming. Which one would you recommend to a
marginal farmer and why?
How are the water needs of large ruminants met under natural conditions? What role
does water play in the animal body?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the alimentary tract of non-ruminants
Collection and transport of raw milk from rural areas
Factors affecting post-natal growth in a maturing calf Interdependence of agriculture
and livestock farming
What are the good qualities of a semen dilutor? Can a single semen dilutor be used
for diluting semen of various species of animals if not, why? What are the main
advantages and disadvantages of using frozen semen for artificial insemination?
Success in sheep business is largely measured by percentage of lamb crop raised
and kilograms of lambs marketed per year. How would you achieve this by using
modern management techniques if you are a sheep breeder?

Work out the cost of rising one male calf up to the age of the year. What steps would
you take in respect of care and management of cow at the time of parturition?
What advice would you give to a dairyman so that his milking utensils are clean and
sterile before each milking
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Fisher's theorem of natural selection
Polymorphism
Path coefficient
Species crossing
Describe different systems of mating that increase the level of homozygosity. How
can these systems be used for enhancing production in poultry?
Describe heritability and its standard error. Describe the practical used of heritability
in different situations. How can you improve the estimate of heritability?
Give mathematical derivations of migration and selection as forces changing gene
frequency. How can an animal breeder use migration and selection as tools of
bringing about alteration in genetic constitution of his animals?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Rabies
Channa and cheese
Marek's disease
Trysem
Discuss the current status of Rinderpest disease in India. Describe the strategy of
prevention and control.
Write an essay on endocrine glands in health and disease.
What are the constraints in the production, processing, storage, distribution and
marketing of milk in India? Discuss strategies to overcome these constraints to
make milk production profitable.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1993 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

Protected proteins
Transport and storage of iron in animal body
Need for dietary essential fatty acids in pigs
Grading of whole milk and cream
Write down the important steps for preparation of artificial vagina prior to collection
of semen. Discuss the six important factors which affect the survival of spermatozoa
after collection.
Explain the term Biotechnology Write in detail about the profitable application of
biotechnology in poultry feed industry.
Discuss in detail about the rumen fermentation of straw in adult cattle. Also state
the effect of feeding high fibre diet and high concentrate diet on the quality and
quantity of milk.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Bomb calorimeter
Limiting amino acid
Recombined and reconstituted milk
By-pass protein
What are the limitations of using Proximate analysis to determine feedvalue? How
far Van Soest method removes the flaws, particularly for cabohydrate components?
Describe the broad outlines of estimating lignin content by Van Soest method.
Define lactation, lactogenesis, galactopoisis, milk ejection and involution in dairy
cattle. Describe in detail the role of major hormones in regulating lactation in a cow.
Write down the schedule of feeding pigs with examples of feed ingredient
composition during: Growth-finishing stage Gestation period Lactation period
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Sympathetic and para sympathetic receptors in the body
Cell mediated immune response
Non-additive genetic variance
Butter making

Define Heritability. What are the different methods of its estimation? Discuss their
merits and demerits and state how heritability differs from repeatability.
Name the important viral diseases of Poultry. Discuss the measures to be adopted
for prevention and control of disease outbreak at an organised Poultry Farm.
Enumerate various routes of administration of drug and describe the routes useful in
administration of large amount of fluids.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Reciprocal recurrent selection
Zoonotic bacterial diseases
Insecticides poisoning in animals
ISI and Agmark specifications
Enumerate different methods of breeding. State merits and demerits of inbreeding
and out-breeding. Give a suitable plan of crossbreeding, indicating area of operation,
breed chosen and basic infrastructure required.
What are various milk borne diseases? Discuss in brief their epidemiology,
prevention and control.
What is primary induction? Discuss whether it is physical or chemical in nature and
the role it plays in the embryonic development of a calf.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1994 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Inter-relationship of calcium, phosphorus and Vitamin D
Factorial method of estimating energy requirement
Tris buffer diluent
Milk let-down and holding-up
Describe in brief the digestive system of cattle and compare it with that of pig,
bringing out the basic differences in the two species.
What do you understand by rumination? Describe its process. Write a note on the
contribution of rumen to the nutrition of the ruminant.
What measures are in vogue for evaluating energy value of feeds? Briefly define
each. Discuss the usefulness of Total Digestible Nutrients and Net Energy as
measures of feed energy for cattle under Indian conditions.

An animal's productivity is affected both directly and indirectly, by environmental

factors. Discuss the statement with reference to either milk production in cattle or
wool growth in sheep. Briefly describe the methods of controlling climatic stress in
one of the above species.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Essential features of practical and economical feeding of dairy cows
Distinguish between safe and clean milk
Management of pregnant dry does
Preparation and nutritive value of cultured milks
In adult ruminants VFA (volatile fatty acids) contributes approximately 70% of the
total energy input. Discuss in detail the mechanisms through which Acetic, Propionic
and Butyric acids are metabolised in ruminant body and the number of net ATP
gained from each acid during metabolism.
Write a brief note on the animal feed resources of the country
Parts of the country are prone to drought. What strategy would you adopt for
feeding of livestock under severe drought conditions so as to maintain the health of
livestock?
Briefly describe the common systems of housing poultry. Discuss the basic
requirements, merits and demerits of Deep Litter system of housing in a tropical
country like India.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Heterosis
Blood protozoan diseases
Lethal factors and genetic abnormalities
Freezing microtomy
Variation in animal population plays an important role in animal improvement.
Describe sources of variation and its implications in breeding programme.
Rapid upgradation of livestock in the country is a priority. Detail a plan keeping in
view the local, regional and socio-economic requirements to achieve this aim
incorporating the new technology available.
Ranikhet disease is reported from many places even after immunizations. Enumerate
various factors which may be responsible and suggest measures for its control.

Section-B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Sanitary analysis of water
Blood smear as an aid to diagnosis
Humoral antibody
Ripening of cheese
Tuberculosis is an important zoonotic disease. Outline a programe for eradicating
this disease from livestock population of the country. List measures to be taken to
check the spread of infection to human beings.
Define and deduce Hardy Weinberg Law by mating frequency. Discuss the influence
of selection on genetic prop-arties of population. In a herd, frequency of recessive
gene is 0.2. Calculate the new frequency after complete selection of recessive
homozygous genotypes for 5 generations.
Discuss various methods of preservation, including the newer technology of meat
and poultry products.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1995 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Forages as sources of energy
Growth stimulants
Inter-relationships of magnesium with calcium and phosphorus in animal nutrition
Diluents for buffalo bull semen
State how does nutritive requirements of broilers differ from those of chicken and
layers. What is the importance of protein quality in rations of poultry? Which amino
acids may be deficient in practical otherwise well balanced rations for chick? Give an
example of how an amino acid deficiency can be corrected. Which measures of
energy, net or metabolizable, is the measure of choice in formulating rations of
poultry and why? Discuss in brief the utility of high energy rations for broilers and
layers.
Digestibility coefficients are constant for a given feed or species. Critically examine
the statement throwing light on factors affecting digestibility of feed in ruminants. Is
the nitrogen balance a better indicator of feeding value of protein than a feed's
digestible protein content? Discuss.

What is the nature of growth? How growth is measured? Describe the hormones
involved in growth. Discuss in brief the conditions causing retarded growth and
accelerated growth in a farm animal of your choice.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Yoghurt
Battery system of housing poultry
Feeding animals under drought conditions
Milk pricing policy
With modern advances in dairying, the dairy cow is unequalled as an efficient
producer of human food. Comment upon the statement outlining, in some detail,
the modern advances in dairying that have made the dairy farming a profitable
venture rather than a subsistence one. Briefly discuss the role of personnel
management in increasing dairy profits.
With reference of goat keeping: Write a detailed note on goat as producer of milk,
meat and fibre Salient features of feeding and care of kids State how does the feed
and feeding habits of goats differ from other animals
Define homogenization of milk and state how homogenization is accomplished. How
does homogenization differ from standardization? Discuss the merits and demerits of
marketing standardized and homogenized milk under Indian conditions.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Genetic aberrations
Allergic reactions
Syndesmochorial placenta
Fish borne zoonosis
Describe the effects of inbreeding. What is the usefulness of inbreeding and the
reasons for it being practiced for livestock improvement programmes? How the
intensity of inbreeding could be measured? Selection is considered the keystone of
the arch of animal improvement. Discuss the process adopted for selecting more
than one trait in a breeding programme, Describe the effect of environment on
selection process.
What is meant by HACCP Discuss its relevance in relation to production, processing
and marketing of wholesome meat.

Describe the various byproducts of the meat industry and their economic
importance.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Animal disease associated with water supply
Physiological adaptation at high altitude
T. Cells
Salting of cheese
How will you assess the prevalence of Brucellosis in a herd? Discuss the measures
you will recommend for its eradication. Immune response to infectious agents play
an important role.
Discuss the immune response and the mechanism of immunosuppression in poultry
due to important vital infections.
Discuss the modern methods of information technology that can be applied to
educate the Indian farmers on animal health and welfare.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1996 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Role of B vitamins in metabolism of energy and protein
BMR and its estimation
Subabool and Khejri as fodder Management of animals under draught conditions
Trace the evolution of the modern-day feeding standards.
Critically examine the suitability of applying one of the commonly accepted modernday feeding standards under Indian conditions.
Timely breeding of farm animals is an essential requirement for optimum lifetime
production. In relation to this requirement, give the symptoms of heat and duration
of oestrus in cattle, goat, sheep and swine. Write a note on the most suitable time
for breeding/insemination in the above species. Enumerate management practices to
improve breeding efficiency.
Briefly discuss the physical and physiological mechanism of adaptation of sheep to
hot-arid environment. Suggest suitable management practices to overcome the heat
stress in sheep.
Section B

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Essential buildings to be erected (with their floor area) on a 100 dairy-cow unit
Feeding Records
Hardy Weinberg Law
Significance of pedigree selection
Consumer's price of milk is related to cost of production of milk. Comment upon
the statement. Discuss the factors affecting cost of production of milk. Suggest
measures to reduce the cost of milk production on an average sized cow farm.
In relation to swine raising: Briefly discuss the amounts of protein required by swine.
Name at least three protein supplements that provide good quality protein for swine
and at least three protein supplements that are unsatisfactory as the only protein
supplements for stall fed pigs. Management practices to be adopted to prevent PSE
conditions of meat. Indicate measures for preventing anaemia and hair-lessness in
piglets.
Distinguish between heritability and repeatability. What are the uses of heritability?
Discuss merits and demerits of different methods of estimating heritability.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Chemotherapy in neoplasms
Derivatives of embryonic veins
Slipped tendon in poultry
Milk homogenisation and its use
Discuss the epidemiological features of food-borne infections. What are the
epidemiological tools you will use for investigation tools you will use for investigation
of a suspected water-borne disease outbreak?
Describe the mechanisms of the drug action along with the concepts of its
classification. Discuss the toxicity which may occur due to Sulfonamide treatment.
Enumerate different diseases encountered during meat inspection of poultry. Discuss
the differentiating lesions and the line of action in such cases.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Rabbit as a source of meat and fibre
Role of tissue fixatives

B. Cells
Pre-anaesthetic agents
Give the BIS standards for standard milk, toned milk and double toned milk. State
how each one is processed in a dairy plant. Give ways and means to reduce the
operational costs of a medium sized dairy plant.
Describe the advances in the development of diagnosis of animal diseases. Discuss
the role of nucleic acid hybridization in disease diagnosis for animal health strategy.
Successful preventive measures provide economic viability to livestock industry.
Outline the important diseases affecting livestock and describe the effective
preventive measures to be adopted to keep the livestock population healthy.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1997 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Internal environment of rumen
Thermogenic effect of feed
Factors influencing energy requirement of growing ruminants
Holding up of milk
Inadequate nutrition has been the single most important factor responsible for poor
milk yield of dairy animals in India. What is the status of feed availability, in terms of
quantity and quality, for dairy animals in India? Suggest measures to improve the
same, keeping in view the economy and human demand factor.
Discuss the requirements of energy, protein, minerals, vitamins and water of a dairy
cow for milk production and during pregnancy.
Discuss the collection, dilution, cryopreservation and insemination of semen for
artificial insemination in cattle, swine and poultry.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Gene and its structure
Recombinant DNA technology
Population versus individual
Feeding schedule for a 450 kg buffalo, producing 10 kg milk with 6.5% fat and
15.5% total solids in 6th month of pregnancy.

What is variance? Discuss the sources of variance. How do the different components
of variance affect our choice of breeding and selection methods?
Discuss the capital, land, buildings, equipment and manpower required for starting a
dairy farm with 100 adult cows. How will you ensure green fodder supply to the
above farm throughout the year?
Compare dairying under mixed farming and dairying under specialized farming.
Which one of these is best suited to an average Indian farmer and why? What is
herd recording?
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Differential staining of cytoplasmic elements
Role of twinning in livestock economics
Metabolism of cardiac muscles
Cell differentiation
Basic understanding of meiosis cell division is essential for the understanding of
various genetic phenomena. Explain with diagrams.
Write an essay on different endocrinal glands and the role played by them in health
and disease.
Describe the different elements of physical environment and their role in livestock
health and production.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Neural control of respiration
Structure of function of kidney
Chemotherapy in viral diseases
Housing of pregnant sows and cows
Describe the different steps and precautions that are required to be taken while
establishing a large scale milk processing plant. What cost cutting and administrative
measures do you recommend to make the plant economically viable and successful?
Rural development is the need of the day. What sort of effective animal husbandry
programmes do you suggest for poverty alleviation and development of rural India?
Give definition and classification of zoonotic diseases. Explaining the role of animals
and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases. What practical steps
do you recommend to tackle these diseases?

IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1998 Paper-I

Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Management schedule of a farmer having two acres of land for sustenance through
Animal Husbandry programme in drought prone area
Role of protozoa in rumen
Preservation of fodder for its best utilisation during lean season
Mineral requirements of a lactating cow.
Discuss the requirement of protein, energy, minerals, vitamins, trace elements,
amino acids and water for a fattening pig.
Suggest a development programme to enhance production of animals in a remote
village with available resource and input supply. Discuss in detail how your message
will reach the masses. How will you evaluate the growth in coming years?
Formulate a project for starting a broiler farm to produce 100 broilers per week.
Discuss in detail about finance, land, building equipments, feeding schedule,
selection of stock, marketing and uninterrupted chain of supply.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Sexing of chicks through exploitation of sex linked genes
Restricted selected index
Synchronisation of oestrus in cow
Recurrent reciprocal selection and its application in swine breeding
What is inbreeding? How is coefficient of inbreeding calculated? Discuss the merits of
inbreeding.
How can you control inbreeding in existing artificial insemination programme? What
constraints will you come across and how will you overcome those?
Name and describe indigenous breeds of sheep with reference to wool and mutton
production. Name two exotic breeds. Suggest a suitable breeding programme using
exotic breed (s) for wool production.
Discuss in brief development of mammary glands and physiology of lactation in cow.
Do you adovate three times milking daily in a dairy farm? Justify your statement.
Paper-II Section A

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Cyclozoonoses
Epidural anaesthesia
Biochemical tests for hepatic dysfunction
Chemoprophylaxis
What is meant by Organoleptic Qualities of meat? Discuss the various methods that
can be adopted for the quality improvement of meat.
Explain in detail the mechanism of the buffer-system in blood.
Prepare a protocol for the establishment of an Annual Health Centre in your state.
What are the informations that are required for the same and how will you gather
them?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Plasma proteins
Cell mediated immune response
Placenta
Regulatory system in Meat Trade and Industry
Elaborate the various critical control point in the production, transport, processing,
storage and marking of fluid milk. Mention the steps you will recommend for
monitoring them.
Name the important parasitic diseases of poultry. Discuss the measures to be
adopted for prevention and control of disease outbreak in an organised poultry farm.
What is Herd Immunity Explain the procedures to be followed in developing a
diseases-free herd.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 1999 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Nutrient requirements for milking cows and buffaloes
Nutrient requirements and feed formulation for broilers at different ages
Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and
milk ejection

Factors affecting semen production and quality preservation

Discuss the mechanisms of adaptation and regulatory mechanisms involved in
animal behaviour under environmental stress factors. Describe the various methods
for controlling the climatic stress conditions in farm animals.
The swine feed has become very costly. Describe as to how you will formulate a
balanced swine ration most economically without adversely/affecting the growth of
the baby-growing pigs and the quality of meat production.
Explain the steps for preparation of artificial vagina before collection of semen.
Describe the deep freezing techniques of semen for artificial insemination in cows,
sheep, goats, swine and poultry.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Economic dairy farming
Modem trends in enhancing production of eggs and poultry meat
Feeding and management of dairy animals under flood conditions
Chromosomal aberrations in farm animals
Describe the merits and demerits of Deep litter system and Battery system of
housing poultry. Which system of poultry housing will you recommend to poultry
farmers in India and why?
Name the species of animals in India which are commercially used for wool
production. Describe various breeds of each such species.
How will you proceed for improving a rabbit colony for wool and meat production, by
using different selection and breeding methods?
What is heterosis and what is its genetic basis? How can heterosis be
advantageously used in various methods of breeding?
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes, on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Zero disease concept
Biochemical tests for renal dysfunction
Care and management of Angora rabbits
Adulteration of meat and its detection
Discuss the rules and regulations for improvement of animal quality and disease
prevention.

Describe the modern concept of anaesthesia with reference to dissociative

anaesthesia.
Explain the principles of chemotherapy in microbial and parasitic infections in
domestic animals.
Section B
Write, short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Occupational zoonotic diseases
Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation
Nervous and chemical regulation of heart in animals
S. RC. A. Discuss the problems and constraints in transfer of technology for rural
development in animal husbandry sector.
Name five important contagious diseases of cattle. Describe the diagnostic
procedures and control measures to be adopted for control of disease outbreak in
rural areas.
Describe the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of important deficiency diseases in
poultry.
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2000 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Oestrous cycle and its role in economic dairying
Management of piglet upto weaning
Computation of ration for a pregnant cross-bred cow yielding 10 kg of milk
Autosexing in poultry
Classify different mutagens. What are mechanisms involved in gene mutation?
Draft animals are redundant following mechanisation in agriculture. Give your
comment with Justification.
Discuss in brief the importance of livestock farming under Indian conditions.
Compare the dairy farming as practiced in India with that in advanced countries.
Show how would you make dairy farming a more profitable enterprise than it is at
present.
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

Dipping of sheep
Backyard poultry
Transgenic animals
Bypass protein in ruminant nutrition
Write in short about the importance of conservation of indigenous breeds of
livestock.
Discuss what you know about germplasm bank. Write a note on the present status
of reproductive efficiency of indigenous cows and buffaloes. Outline steps to attain a
higher level of reproductive efficiency in a herd of buffaloes under Indian conditions.
Discuss in detail about feed supplements, additives and antibiotics in broiler and
layer ration.
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
Zero Rinderpest Programme
Importance of hoof management in horses
Blood groups and their role in blood transfusion in canines Functional anatomy in
relation to flying in birds
Justify that liver is a vital organ. Discuss the tests that may be used for diagnosing
hepatic disorders in live animals.
Discuss the role of various milk products in transmission of diseases in human
beings. What are the important deficiency diseases in bovines and how do these
diseases affect productivity?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each
Role of blood-brain-barrier in drug metabolism
Economic feasibility of sustainable milk production
Methods for increasing carcass yield
Osmotic regulation
Discuss the development of lymphoid organs during post natal stage with emphasis
on their role in host defence mechanism.
Discuss various animal husbandry programmes for rural development. Discuss the
various constraints in its implementation. What measures will you recommend for its
rectification?

Describe five important vital diseases in buffaloes. What control measures may be
adopted for their prevention?
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2001 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Metabolic disorders in ruminants caused due to imbalance in diet
Protein metabolism in ruminants and monigastrics
Scientific basis of the adage Prevention is better than cure Scientific reasons for
guinea-pigs being used for Vitamin C research
Describe protein, energy, mineral and fibre requirements of laying hen and compute
a suitable ration for 1000 lavers under Indian conditions (60).
Discuss the mechanism of action of various growth promoting agents to enhance the
energetic efficiency and nitrogen retention in ruminants (60).
Write a critical review on feeding Standards indicating their advantages and
limitations (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Male & female reproductive systems of cattle with neat diagrams
Current status of recombinant DNA technology
Breed synthesis in India
Mixed dairy farming vs. Specialised farming
What is meant by breeding efficiency? How can it be improved in dairy animals?
Describe different methods of measuring breeding efficiency (60).
What are hormones? Discuss the role of hormones in conversion of blood precursors
into milk constituents in alveolar cells. Clarify whether milk is secreted during
milking or in the interval of milkings (60).
Discuss the various methods of improvement of poor quality roughages. Which
method is suitable and applicable under Indian conditions? Also indicate the method
commonly used by the farmers to improve the nutritional value of straws (60)
Paper-II Section A

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Rickettsial zoonotic diseases
Deficiency diseases in bovines
Role of endoderm in development of embryo in bovines
Antiviral drugs
Discuss the advances in the development of diagnostic techniques of animal diseases
(60).
Discuss the effect of environment on animal function and performance. How is the
homeostasis maintained (60)?
Discuss the economic implications of utilization of slaughter house by-products and
organ products for food and pharmaceuticals (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Yoghurt
Autocoids
Packaging of meant
Rumenotomy
Discuss epidemiology, role of vectors in transmission, pathogenesis, latest methods
of diagnosis and control of rabies in animals by using modern vaccines (60).
In a remote village, the technology developed by scientists has to be transferred to
the farmers. What are the different methods to the adopted to achieve this? What
are the constraints in transfer of technology (60)?
Discuss the principles and methods of immunization and chemoprophylaxis against
infectious animal diseases (60).
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2002 Paper-I
Section A
Describe in about 200 words the inter-relationship of any three of the following: (20
3 = 60)
Selenium. Sulphur and Vitamin E
Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D

Iron, Copper and Molybdenum

Nitrogen. Amino acid and Protein
How is feed energy partitioned within animal body? Explain, how energy retention is
measured by carbon and nitrogen studies (60).
Describe the female reproductive system giving names and functions of different
organs. Draw a labelled diagram of the reproductive system of she-buffalo (60).
What is cryopresetvation of semen? Describe its principle and technique (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Quantitative vs. Qualitative traits
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Sexlinked vs. Sexlimited traits
Correlation vs. Regression coefficient
Enumerate various types of essential records to be maintained by a commercial
dairy farm and justify their maintenance in estimating and controlling the cost of
milk production (60).
Describe the management of livestock during flood and thereafter (60).
How can progress in selection be estimated prior to obtaining the progeny of the
next generation? Discuss the forces that are responsible for correlated response
(60).
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Production diseases of cattle
Laws relating to animals
Epidemiological study of diseases
Coordination of four important organs for healthy life
Describe latest diagnostic techniques and control measures of infectious diseases of
cattle, suitable to Indian condition (60).
Discuss the modes of spread of zoonotic diseases through vectors, animals, birds
and human beings (60).

Justify in detail Role of hormones are very essential for harmony in body Keeping
in view the present days stress of increased production on animals (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Disease free milk products
Composition and nutritive value of eggs
Physical and chemical characteristics of meat
Problems in animal husbandry development
Narrate the plan for supply of hygienic and nutritive milk from rural sector to major
cities in India (60).
Discuss the role of manager of slaughter house for wholesome meat production and
utilization of byproducts (60).
Describe the latest methods of effective communication and education for rural
development, in relation to animal health and production programmes (60).
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2003 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about-200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Micro nutrients as a regular of nutrients utilization
Genotype-environment interaction
Theory of Lamarickism
Synchronization of oestrus in cow
What are the feed manipulator? How are they beneficial in the feeding of ruminants
and poultry? Discuss with examples as to how each category of feed manipulator
affects production of these species and efficiency of feed utilization (60).
Describe the symptoms of heat in cows and buffaloes. What is the best time of
breeding to obtain best results? How breeding efficiency is measured? Suggest
suitable management practices to improve the breeding efficiency of above species
(60).
Describe the effect of selection on gene frequencies. If one individual is albino out of
twenty thousand and albino is a recessive trait, how many generations will it take to
reduce the gene frequency to half the present value. Can genetic drift affect a
change in frequency of a gene in a population? Discuss (60)

Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Holding-up and let down of milk
Heritability vs. Repeatability
Service period vs Conception rates
Neonatal nutrition
Compare dairying under mixed farming and specialized dairy farming primarily from
the standpoint of economic returns to the owner. Which one of these is best suited
to an average Indian farmer and why? Explain in detail (60).
Write about the care of cow before and after parturition. Also describe the care of
the newly born calf. Is it practical to practice weaning in India? Write a note on
methods of/raising weaned calves (60).
Individuality tells us what an animal seems to be his pedigree tells us what he
ought to be. But the performance of his progency tells us what he is. Discuss the
merits and demerits of methods of selection. Suggest as to what should be the
method of selection to adopt to bring about a steady and long term improvement in
productivity of indigenous dairy livestock (60).
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Canning of meat products
Grading of wool
Chemotherapy in neoplastic diseases
Types of placentation in domestic animals
Rules and regulations for prevention of cruelty to animals.
Epidemiological tools to study control of infectious diseases.
Classify the-zoonotic diseases and describe various factors responsible for their
prevalence and transmission (60).
Discuss various biochemical, bio-technological and immunological tests and their
significance in the diagnosis of animal diseases (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)

Cell division
Respiratory and real-regulation of acid base balance
Antimicrobial agents
CD4 cells
Diagnosis and treatment of Bloat in cattle
Grading of pig carcasses
Discuss modem methods of preservation and packaging of meat and meat products
(60).
Describe the symptoms, post-mortem lesions and diagnosis of Brucellosis in cattle.
Discuss its economic importance in milk production (60).
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2004 Paper-I
Section A
Write, short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20 X 3 =
60
Methods to control heat stress in buffaloes Induction of lactation in cows
Probiotics Nutrients in meat
Discuss the principle of deep freezing of semen. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of various packaging systems used for deep freezing of semen?
Enumerate the precautions to be taken at the time of thawing of frozen semen for
artificial insemination? 60
Describe the male reproductive system giving names and functions of different
organs. What is Cryptorchidism? Draw and label the diagram of reproductive organs
of a bull. 60
What is the major source of energy in ruminants? Give energy metabolism of
propionate in details. What will be the effect of cooked concentrate on milking
ruminants? 60
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20 X 3 =
60
Structural chromosomal aberrations
Sex influenced and sex limited characters
Qualitative and quantitative inheritance
Importance of herd recording

Define inbreeding. What are the consequences of inbreeding? Discuss various uses
of inbreeding. 60
What is progeny testing? How can it be best done for Indian buffaloes? What is the
status of progeny testing of buffaloes in India? 60
What do you understand by commercial dairy farming? How does dairy farming in
India differ from the advanced countries? 60
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20 3 =
60
Coordination of blood circulation, respiration and excretion for healthy life
Hormonal therapy
Vaccination programme against animal diseases
Regulations for animal health and wealth
Discuss modem concept of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of production
diseases of poultry. 60
Mention air, Water and soil pollutants. Describe diagnosis, effect and solution of
pollution for animal health. 60
Describe the role of epidemiology for investigation and control of animal diseases
under Indian conditions. 60
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20 3 =
60
Organization of rural milk procurement
Utilization of slaughter-house by-products
Meat adulteration and its detection
Latest methods of extension education
Narrate the plan for supply of hygienic and nutritive milk products from rural, to
urban areas. 60
Describe duties and functions of veterinarian of slaughter house for production of
standard meat. 60
Discuss the role of extension workers for implementation of rural herd health
programmes to improve farmers economy. 60
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2005 Paper-I

Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Maintenance of Lactation in cows
Sources, functions and requirement of Vitamin A in cattle
Factors affecting growth in buffaloes
Production of Deep Frozen Semen in cattle
Discuss hormonal control of mammary gland development in heifer with suitable
sketch/diagram. Describe the importance of early growth rate on mammary gland
development. What are the factors responsible for milk ejection in cows (60)?
What do you understand by balanced ration? How do we calculate nutrient
requirements for a cow at three years of age, pregnant for six months and yielding
10 kg of milk with 4 0% fat? Suggest different types of green fodder crops to be
grown in hot-humid climate of the country (60).
How do we estimate nutrient requirement for meat and egg production in chicken
What is the difference between digestion of nutrients in chicken and pigs (60)?
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Differentiating points between mitosis and meiosis
Breeding for heterosis in chicken
Feeding regimes for bullocks during work and resting periods
Management of newly born calf
What do you understand by Hardy-Weinberg Law? Discuss different conditions to
maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Give a theoretical proof for Hardy-Weinberg
Law (60).
Discuss the methods of estimation of heritability. How does heritability differ from
repeatability? Describe the method of testing preciseness of heritability. Uses of
heritability may also be indicated (60).
Discuss different methods of out breeding. What is the breeding policy for cattle
being used in India? Write positive and negative points in relation to maintaining
genetic diversity in cattle (60).
Paper-II Section A

Write short notes on any THREE of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Chemotherapy in parasitic diseases
Slaughter house byproducts for pharmaceuticals use
Importance of climate in animal health
Respiration in birds
Diagnostic methods for viral diseases. Reasons for failure of vaccination in animals.
Describe etiology, diagnosis and prevention of foot and mouth disease. Also discuss
its economic significance (60).
Discuss various methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions for
effective implementation of animal husbandry programmes (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any THREE of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.
Grading of milk and milk products.
Occupational zoonotic health hazards.
Cured meat products.
Different modes of action of antibacterial antibiotics
Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures.
Discuss the application of epidemiological measures in prevention and control of air
and water borne infections (60).
Describe and discuss deficiency diseases in pregnant cows, their preventive
measures and control (60).
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2006 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Current issues of Indian feed industry
Hormones as growth stimulating substances
Milk ejection

Recent methods of oestrus detection in cows

Using current research findings, discuss in detail the endocrine regulation of oestrus
cycle. How can this knowledge be used to improve livestock productivity (60)?
Discuss the possible reasons for poor conception following artificial insemination,
especially with frozen semen and suggest measures to improve conception rate (60).
What is least cost ration? What is its significance under Indian conditions? Write the
procedure of developing the least cost ration (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Care of neonate
Mosaicism and Chimerism
Recombinant DIMA technology
Heterosis
Discuss merits and demerits of various methods of selection for livestock
improvement in Indian context (60).
Define outbreeding. Discuss various methods of outbreeding. Which is the most
suitable method of outbreeding for the large Indian cattle population (60)?
Discuss various factors which can improve efficiency of dairy animals at a
commercial dairy farm having 200 adult Murrah buffaloes in semi-arid Indian climate
(60).
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Gametogenesis
Chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases
Rumenotomy in bovines
Veterolegal cases
Give an account of the structure and function of kidneys (30).
Explain the structure & function of sweat glands (30).
Discuss functional disorders of endocrine glands, their symptoms and diagnosis (60).

Describe the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention

and control of bird flu. Elucidate its zoonotic and economic significance (60).
Section B
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Sterilized milk
Rabbit wool production
Meat preservation
Mastitis
Write an account on various cultured milks (30) Explain the preparation of different
cultured milks (30).
Answer the following questions Explain the channels for marketing of poultry meat,
eggs and their products (30). Suggest how they can be improved (30).
Research without extension is a hobby while extension without research is a folly.
Discuss (60).
IAS Mains Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 2007 Paper-I
Section A
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Steaming up
Buffalo semen diluents
Milk synthesis and ejection
Bypass proteins
Agro-industrial by-products are gaining momentum day-by-day in livestock feeding.
How do you proceed in preparing safer feeds from the above products (50)?
Name ten agro-industrial by-products used in feeding livestock (10).
Why is fertility status of cattle and buffaloes low in India? Give suggestions for
improving the fertility status of cattle and buffaloes in India (60).
Enlist the proteolytic enzymes of gastro-intestinal tract of monogastrics (swine).
Write the substrate and product formed and the optimum pH required for activity
(60).
Section B

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Package of practices in supply of green fodder to dairy cattle round the year
Up-grading
Management of livestock in drought conditions
Environment and genotype interactions
What do you understand by the words Random Mating and Selection When do we
use random mating in breeding of livestock (30)?
Explain the various aids to selection and their relative merits and demerits (30).
Enlist different farming systems that are adopted in livestock rearing. Explain the
advantages and limitations in each farming system. Suggest a feasible farming
system most suitable to Indian conditions (60).
Answer the following questions What do you mean by Variance Discuss in detail
about the components of variance (30).
What is heritability in the broad sense and heritability in the narrow sense? Give
examples (30).
Paper-II Section A
Write short notes on any Three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Structure of sweat glands and their functions.
Respiration in birds
Drugs acting on Autonomous Nervous System.
Significance of endocrine glands.
Investigation techniques for diagnosis of bacterial diseases-especially for collection,
preservation and dispatch of materials along with the laboratory procedures to be
performed.
Indications, diagnosis, treatment and management of cyanide poisoning in cattle.
Describe etiology, transmission, diagnosis, prevention and control of rabies. Discuss
its public-health significance/importance (60).
In spite of advancement in diagnostic techniques due to development in the field of
biotechnology and molecular biology why are diseases like Tuberculosis, Jhones
disease Brucellosis etc. Still threatening to the Indian Live-Stock Economy/Industry
(60)?
Section B

Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 3 =
60)
Role of Veterinarian in Public Health.
Significance of preanaesthetic medications.
Materials and methods for collections of samples for veterolegal investigation.
Role of extension in Animal Husbandry Sector.
Regulatory provisions in meat trade industry.
Application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control.
Enumerate viral diseases of poultry. Discuss different vaccines and vaccination
schedules used for Ranikhet Disease (RD) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). In
spite of regular vaccination why are outbreaks of both the above diseases observed
(60)?
Discuss indications and surgical interferences/interventions of hernia in cow,
caesarian in buffalo and choking in horse (60).