Selamat Datang di

PETROLOGI

Silabus
Mata Kuliah Petrologi berisi tentang:
1. Pembahasan tentang definisi dan jenis-jenis batuan
beku, sedimen dan metamorf, serta klasifikasinya
secara megaskopis berdasarkan pada tekstur, struktur
dan komposisi mineraloginya
2. Pembahasan (secara terbatas) tentang asal-mula
(petrogenesa) batuan tersebut di atas dalam dimensi
ruang dan waktu, dalam hubungannya dengan kondisi
batuan di sekitarnya

Daftar Pustaka (Selected)

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Best, M.G. (2003) Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Blackwell Publishing, 729
p, 2nd Ed.
Boogs, S. Jr. (2009) Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks, Cambridge University Press,
600 p., 2nd Ed.
Ehlers, E.G. and Blatt, H. (1982) Petrology od Igneous, Sedimentary and
Metamorphic Rocks, W.H. Freeman and Co., 732 p.
Fischer, R.V. and Schmincke, H.U. (1984) Pyroclastic Rocks, Springer-Verlag, 459 p.
Gill, R. (2010) Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, Wiley-Blackwell,
428 p.
Le Maitre, R.W. (2002) Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms,
Cambridge University Press, 236 p., 2nd Ed.
Pettijohn, F.J. (1977) Sedimentary Rocks, Oxford and IBH Pub., 718 p.
Tucker, M.E. (1991) Sedimentary Petrology: An Introduction to the Origin of
Sedimentary Rocks, Blackwell Scientific Publication, 260 p., 2nd Ed.

Definisi
Petra: batuan (rocks) termasuk batu

(lithology, stone)
Logos: ilmu
Sehingga, definisi dari Petrologi adalah
cabang dari ilmu geologi yang
mempelajari tentang batuan, yang
meliputi asal-mulanya (origin),
keterdapatannya (occurrence), struktur
dan sejarahnya.

Personal Experience as Geologist

Cappadocia, Turkey: among earliest cities built on

volcanic rocks

Pyramids in Mexico (from 1st Century AD), made

of Volcanic Rocks

Indonesian Cultural Heritages are Made of

Volcanic Rocks
7-9th Cent
Mataram-Syailendra
Dinasty
Made of Andesite

Angkor Watt & Angkor Thom, Cambodia

9-13th Cent Khmer Kingdom

Made of Sandstone

Castles in Japan mades of Granites

Marble: the main building stone in Europe since

Roman to Renaissance period

Florence, Italy: Carrara Marble

David (above): Michelangelo (1501-1504)
San Lorenzo tomb (right): Michelangelo (1520s)

Ephesus, Turkey: a 1st Century Roman

marble city

Geological Materials

More complex substances

Types of geological
materials
Rocks

Minerals

Elements
Atoms

Examples of
geological resources
Sand and gravel, limestone,
granite, building stone
Salt, gypsum, sulfide and/or
oxide minerals of iron, copper,
aluminum, lead, zinc, etc.
Native gold, silver, etc.

Kita menambang Batuan untuk mendapatkan mineral

ekonomis

Grasberg, Papua, tambang tembaga dan emas terbesar di Indonesia

(sumber Steve Garwin)

Batu Hijau MineOpen Pit 2008 (Photo Steve Garwin)

Aereal photos of Pit

Statistic of reserves etc

Porphyry Deposits Prominent source of Cu and Au

Bingham, USA

Coppins Gap
Porphyry Mo
~2800 Ma

Cadia
Porphyry Cu-Au ( Mo)
~440 Ma

Bingham
Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo
~37 Ma

Grasberg
Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au
~2.5 Ma

Batuan (Rocks) tersusun oleh kumpulan

sejumlah Mineral

Minerals and Rock-Forming Minerals

Minerals are chemical compounds of naturally

occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical

composition and a crystalline structure
Only 30 of the 4,000 known minerals are common

These 30 minerals are known as the rock-forming

minerals
Most rock-forming minerals are silicates
The percent composition of Silicate minerals in a rock
determines the type of rock it is

COMMON MINERALS IN THE EARTH

QUARTZ (Silica)

SiO2

CORUNDUM (Alumina) Al2O3

HEMATITE
CALCITE
DOLOMITE
GYPSUM

Fe2O3
CaCO3
CaMg(CO3)2
CaSO4

FLUORITE

CaF2

PYRITE

FeS2

OLIVINE

(Mg,Fe)2SiO4

PYROXENE

(Mg,Fe)SiO3

AMPHIBOLE

(Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2
FELDSPARS

Albite
Orthoclase
Anorthite

NaAlSi3O8
KAlSi3O8
CaAl2Si2O8

KAOLINITE

Al2Si2O5(OH)4

Rocks
Rocks consist of one or more Minerals, and fall into three

main types depending on their origin and previous

processing history:
Igneous rocks are ones which have solidified directly
from a molten state, such as volcanic lava.
Sedimentary rocks are ones which have been remanufactured from previously existing rocks, usually from
the products of chemical weathering or mechanical
erosion, without melting.
Metamorphic rocks are ones which result from
processing, by heat and pressure (but not melting), of
previously existing sedimentary or igneous rocks.

Batuan (Rocks)
Rocks consist of one or more Minerals, and fall into three

main types depending on their origin and previous

processing history:
Igneous rocks are ones which have solidified directly
from a molten state, such as volcanic lava.
Sedimentary rocks are ones which have been remanufactured from previously existing rocks, usually from
the products of chemical weathering or mechanical
erosion, without melting.
Metamorphic rocks are ones which result from
processing, by heat and pressure (but not melting), of
previously existing sedimentary or igneous rocks.

Rock Cycle
Deposition

Sediment

Lithification

Transport

Sedimentary Rocks
Erosion
Metamorphism

Weathering

Igneous Rocks

Crystallization

Metamorphic Rocks

Melting

Magma

Rock Cycle

Struktur tubuh bumi:

- Litosfer
- Astenosfer
- Mesosfer
- Inti bumi

Rock Types of the Earth

igneous & metamorphic rocks = crystalline rocks

Secara Umum Identifikasi Batuan

Dilakukan Berdasarkan:
Komposisi
Mineral apa saja yang

menyusun suatu
batuan?
Dalam
perkembangannya
bisa juga berarti
komposisi kimia dari
batuan

Tekstur
Bagaimana bentuk
(shape), ukuran (size)
dan orientasi dari
butiran-bitiran mineral
yang menyusun
batuan?
Major Difference:
Crystalline vs. Clastic