Variable

number of production worker

Cost of material
Value of industry shipment
Industry group

Level of Data
Ratio
Ratio
Ordinal
Nominal

Variable
Region
Control
Number of beds
Personal

Level of Data
Nominal
Nominal
Ratio
Ratio

Variable
Type of Industry
Total Assets
P/E Ratio

Level of Data
Nominal
Ratio
Ratio

No. Prod. Wkrs.

370
83
169
70
137
69
18
72
126
15
2
2
4
47
63
12
13
147
41
44
76
47
22
178
250
32
14
28
1
25
179
68
147
209
43
68
78
233
53
29
61
39
11
90

Max

Range
634

Classes
633

width
15

42.2

Min
1

The frequency distribution tells us that most of the companies have le

than or equal to 45000 workers with a persentage of 45%.

42
163
182
136
16
57
25
437
28
12
50
39
45
79
106
75
28
75
24
45
43
18
8
54
7
46
95
598
12
2
31
2
4
7
6
9
51
50
13
25
36
152
13
53
174

106
26
11
123
79
23
27
107
32
315
81
211
99
24
219
55
70
133
211
110
172
96
147
293
51
120
87
117
37
120
368
106
634
190
108
23
14
29
35
68
141
157
17
36
4

30
10
76
26
19
123

rounded up to 45

that most of the companies have less

ith a persentage of 45%.

Class
Frequency
0 to 45
46 to 90
91 to 135
136 to 180
181 to 225
226 to 270
271 to 315
316 to 360
361 to 405
406 to 450
451 to 495
496 to 540
541 to 585
586 to 630
631 to 675

63
32
16
14
6
2
2
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
1

Annual Food Spending ($)

8909
5684
10706
14112
13855
15619
2694
9127
13514
6314
7622
4322
3805
6674
7347
2911
8026
8567
10345
8694
8821
8678
14331
9619
9286
8206
16408
12757
17740
7739
15383
4579
11679
12877
16232
9621
8171
12128
8642
12400
9185
7862
9775
6771
3059
13211
7408

Max

Range
17740

15153

Min
2587

Annual Foo
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Freq

11581
14233
3352
2630
9093
12652
9559
6112
10431
12630
4578
9551
10262
9551
10143
8955
10197
11234
9320
9089
12300
11484
11215
7204
5579
11723
9353
7761
4261
9830
12386
8673
10944
9910
9928
4264
7971
8290
12669
7272
9784
9187
5866
9456
6270
9518
10968
8865

9226
4913
6976
8152
2887
8062
8895
8444
6148
4563
8185
3391
7436
9522
11290
10403
4693
5626
11869
13055
8783
13031
3681
5549
4108
6314
7700
7479
9093
9863
8043
9552
9286
7987
3875
10746
6888
5479
6949
10650
5188
5311
4691
8056
11304
8112
8696
5869

3776
11829
13087
10986
5762
11617
9895
16293
8185
13972
11243
4635
10063
8426
7436
11747
15397
6842
9678
12852
10114
8496
6689
15696
9841
12529
10210
8868
6426
11096
10086
2587
12492
8456
6801
6339
7802
9717
6026
5618
10217
8338
9048
4017
10906
15148
8830
8481

11358
10553
6969
13219
3543
7326
8458
11766
9908

Classes

width
20

757.65 rounded up to 1000

Annual Food Spending

Frequency

Annual Food Spending ($)

Frequency
0
1000
1001
2000
2001
3000
3001
4000
4001
5000
5001
6000
6001
7000
7001
8000
8001
9000
9001
10000
10001
11000
11001
12000
12001
13000
13001
14000
14001
15000
15001
16000
16001
17000
17001
18000
18001
19000
19001
20000

0
0
5
8
12
11
17
16
32
32
19
16
12
8
3
5
3
1
0
0

The histogram almost represent a norm

distribution of the data where the heav
the data is in the middle.

e histogram almost represent a normal

tribution of the data where the heavy wight of
e data is in the middle.

Company
AFLAC
Albertson's
Allstate
Amerada Hess
American General
American Stores
Amoco
Arco Chemical
Ashland
Atlantic Richfield
Bausch & Lomb
Baxter International
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Burlington Coat
Central Maine Power
Chevron
CIGNA
Cinergy
Dayton Hudson
Dillard's
Dominion Resources
Dow Chemical
DPL
E. I. DuPont DeNemours
Eastman Chemical
Edison International
Engelhard
Entergy
Equitable
Ethyl
Exxon
FPL Group
The GAP
Georgia Gulf
GIANT Food
A&P
Great Lakes Chemicals
Green Mountain Power Company
Hannaford Bros.
Hercules
Houston Industries
Jefferson-Pilot
Johnson & Johnson
Liberty
The Limited
Lincoln National
Lubrizol

Type
6
4
6
7
6
4
7
2
7
7
5
5
5
1
3
7
6
3
1
1
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
6
7
7
3
1
2
4
4
2
3
4
2
3
6
5
6
1
6
2

Most of the companies are of typ

Ogive chart shows that there is n
the line is almost straight.

Lyondell Petrochemical
Mallinkrodt
May Department Stores
McKesson
Mercantile Stores
Merck
Millennium Chemicals
Mobil
Monsanto
Morton
Murphy Oil
Mylan Laboratories
NALCO Chemical
Nevada Power
NIPSCO
Olin
Orion Capital
Owens & Minor
Pacific Corporation
J. C. Penney
Pennzoil
Pfizer
Pharmacia & Upjohn
Phillips Petroleum
Poe & Brown
PPG
PP&L Resources
Progressive
Rohm & Haas
Ruddick
Schering-Plough
Sears, Roebuck
Stryker
Sun
Sunamerica
Texaco
The TJX Companies
Torchmark
Tosco
Travelers
Ultramar Diamond Shamrock
Union Carbide
United States Surgical Corporation
UNOCAL
UNUM
USX-Marathon
Valero Energy
Warner-Lambert

7
5
1
5
1
5
2
7
2
2
7
5
2
3
3
2
6
5
3
1
7
5
5
7
6
2
3
6
2
4
5
1
5
7
6
7
1
6
7
6
7
2
5
7
6
7
7
5

WEIS Markets
Wellman
Winn-Dixie Stores
WITCO
Zenith Nation Insurance

4
2
4
2
6

Type

Frequency
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Ogive Ch

Relative percentage
10
19
13
8
15
16
19

of the companies are of type 2 and 7. However, the

chart shows that there is no dominant type since
ne is almost straight.

10
29
42
50
65
81
100

81
65
42

50

29
10
1

Relative perce

Frequen

Ogive Chart
100

19

81
16

65
50

15

Relative percentage

7
1

Frequency
10

19

19
16
13

15

Year

Italy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

4.8
3.7
3.2
2.8
2.4
2.7
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.1
3.4
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
5.9
6
7.5
7.9
7.9
7.8
7
6.9
7.3
10.2
11.3
12
12.1
12.3
12.3

Max

Stem
12.3

Min
2.4

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Leaf
478
12234455577789
114489
499
09
035899

2
3
0133

The stem-Leaf plot shows the actual data with its frequency.
it does not show the trend of data over the period of study (

actual data with its frequency. However,

data over the period of study (40 years).

New Cap. Exp.

1833
1056
1405
1912
1006
873
487
2011
1135
605
2
15
27
292
454
20
84
534
220
176
423
464
22
200
189
29
21
20
2
16
465
539
1071
711
88
182
715
481
358
128
177
109
698
3143
2360
1352
1750

Mean
Median

995.25
483

The large mean (relative to the median) indicates

capital expenditures that are pulling on the mean

1277
311
618
144
2959
198
66
130
210
2002
3731
4301
1304
404
6269
1025
1006
5197
251
124
579
9
341
435
5658
52
1
35
12
18
6
4
248
853
493
495
201
154
1200
50
464
3433
651
635
90
1761
459
271

526
620
178
1139
421
1908
724
85
1273
678
414
889
1485
1334
1260
2917
907
1568
308
784
721
671
485
2268
14345
1286
10264
2023
351
97
131
490
142
1223
1466
1648
197
724
17
119
15
396
197
51
595

o the median) indicates that there are some inordinately large values of new
re pulling on the mean.

U.S. Finished Motor Gasoline Production (1000 Barrels per Day)

7315
7330
7079
7737
7998
8008
7959
8207
8134
7881
7627
8331
7545
7508
7975
8083
8216
8368
8272
8403
8026
7947
8181
8306
7792
7866
7676
8327
8401
8165
8156
8384
8493
8154
8254
8388
7836
7830
8256
8214
8434
8325
8556
8295
8424
8249
8183

8505
7789
7974
7955
8476
8567
8997
8266
8050
8455
8422
8535
8292
8149
7950
8371
8497
8440
8528
8550
8382
8461
8515
8647
8796
7521
7978
8004
8430
8656
8657
8524
8846
8749
8526
8702
8667
8148
8456
8530
8793
8817
8798
8832
8879
8187
8779
8857

9013
8465
8485
8198
8752
9128
9136
8661
8799
7507
8734
8966
8937
8664
8350
8134
8595
9208
9207
9037
9141
8902
8763
8856
9326
9087
8668
8773
8777
9258
9402
9429
9157
8698
8917
9092
9070
8887
9042
8608
8964
9113

Mean1
StDev1
Variance1
Median1
8444.562043796 465.4343458679 216629.1303134

8456

The data are almost uniformally distributedsince the mean and the median are quite c
about 8,445 (1,000) per day and the median is 8,456 (1,000) per day. The mean is sli
some possible slight skewness to the left or negative skewness.

Histogram of U.S. Finished Motor Gasoline Pr

25

Frequency

20

15

10

7200

7600

8000

8400

8800

U.S. Finished Motor Gasoline Pr

Range1

Skewness1
Mode
2350
-0.3028135814

8134

the median are quite close together. The mean or average is

er day. The mean is slightly less than the median indicating

otor Gasoline Pr

8800

asoline Pr

9200

Annual Food Spending ($)

8909
5684
10706
14112
13855
15619
2694
9127
13514
6314
7622
4322
3805
6674
7347
2911
8026
8567
10345
8694
8821
8678
14331
9619
9286
8206
16408
12757
17740
7739
15383
4579
11679
12877
16232
9621
8171
12128
8642
12400
9185
7862
9775
6771
3059
13211
7408

Annual Household Income

56697
35945
52687
74041
63182
79064
25981
57424
72045
38046
52408
41405
29684
49246
41491
26703
48753
55555
71483
50980
46403
51927
84769
59062
57952
58355
81694
69522
96132
57796
88276
32264
65928
69924
91108
54070
47238
77427
59805
60334
54114
40680
58263
52008
39643
70309
46450

($)

11581
14233
3352
2630
9093
12652
9559
6112
10431
12630
4578
9551
10262
9551
10143
8955
10197
11234
9320
9089
12300
11484
11215
7204
5579
11723
9353
7761
4261
9830
12386
8673
10944
9910
9928
4264
7971
8290
12669
7272
9784
9187
5866
9456
6270
9518
10968
8865

76140
80833
31899
21647
65924
65923
62811
42335
65134
64621
36553
62910
70727
57634
56549
59662
57350
56447
61136
51526
79979
66733
75359
40795
39128
75482
63998
45845
38223
66787
77852
55825
57022
64263
75881
34343
41243
53021
66991
49719
58399
50477
39112
51886
34797
62348
78704
53620

9226
4913
6976
8152
2887
8062
8895
8444
6148
4563
8185
3391
7436
9522
11290
10403
4693
5626
11869
13055
8783
13031
3681
5549
4108
6314
7700
7479
9093
9863
8043
9552
9286
7987
3875
10746
6888
5479
6949
10650
5188
5311
4691
8056
11304
8112
8696
5869

51577
34761
60968
51281
25013
59238
47344
52645
35309
34355
50630
29056
48721
50459
72805
56954
39343
38833
55021
77605
57937
63343
36479
40381
26309
41421
54579
40551
50369
54422
51836
73600
51873
48003
36519
75152
44974
48923
43769
75947
41423
40189
36772
59690
53654
59067
65962
37254

3776
11829
13087
10986
5762
11617
9895
16293
8185
13972
11243
4635
10063
8426
7436
11747
15397
6842
9678
12852
10114
8496
6689
15696
9841
12529
10210
8868
6426
11096
10086
2587
12492
8456
6801
6339
7802
9717
6026
5618
10217
8338
9048
4017
10906
15148
8830
8481

33568
56934
88822
59635
38407
78627
47710
64443
58871
87954
54778
39825
49536
60102
49139
51052
70500
54894
60570
57625
56956
61400
50532
72774
69981
66891
67431
64782
38987
64867
50421
27076
51784
54135
53291
49804
52205
72841
46238
45938
77716
59711
42106
36462
53403
71290
66759
57616

11358
10553
6969
13219
3543
7326
8458
11766
9908

76221
78202
55164
61171
34093
50647
59898
52884
73629

Mean1

Mean2
StDev1
StDev2
8966.065 55552.3903316 3125.00798645 14661.3600599

The median indicates that one-half of the 200 families spent more than $8,932 annua
one-half spend less than $8,932. Since the mean (average) of $8,966 is relative close
slightly greater, there are possibly a few extreme values at the upper end pulling the

Annual Food Spending ($)

Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count

Annual Household Income

8966.065
220.9714338
8932
6314
3125.007986
9765674.915
-0.143246646
0.160059786
15153
2587
17740
1793213
200

Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count

($)

Variance1
Variance2
Median1
9765674.91535 214955478.805

ent more than $8,932 annually on food and

ge) of $8,966 is relative close to the median but
at the upper end pulling the mean higher.

al Household Income

($)

55552.4
1036.712736
54957.5
Err:512
14661.33212
214954659.5
-0.291964079
0.149429655
74485
21647
96132
11110480
200

Median2
Range1
8932 54957.4708656

15153

Range2
74485.5902262

Earnings per Share

Type
1.14
7.7
2.08
3.63
0.33
2.39
1.19
3.18
2.66
2.47
0.48
1.48
2.1
3
3.94
2.13
4.53
0.97
1.55

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

Earnings per Share

Type
0.08
2.76
3.8
5.41
4.95
0.71
3.37
3.58
4.01
2.94
3.76
3.61
2.7
4.87
1.37
1.94
2.65
1.58
2.03

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

Note that the coefficient of variation

that for Type 2 (chemical) companies
mean than it is for Type 7 (petroleum
the actual standard deviation indicat
companies on earnings per share tha

type

Mean
StDev
coefficient of variation
2 2.4710526 1.7055234
69.020114794
7 2.9536842 1.4323997
48.495358158

e coefficient of variation for Type 2 is larger than for Type 7. This indicates
e 2 (chemical) companies, the standard deviation is larger relative to the
t is for Type 7 (petroleum) companies. Both the coefficient of variation and
tandard deviation indicate that there is greater variation amongst Type 2
on earnings per share than amongst Type 7 companies.

Births

Boxplot of Births
6000

5000

4000

Births

312
1077
1027
355
168
3810
735
1
1733
257
169
430
0
2049
211
16
2648
2450
1465
0
1993
2275
1494
1313
451
1689
1583
2017
995
2045
1686
503
126
2026
1412
1517
0
0
2719
1074
1421
762
3194
496
1442
0
1107

3000

2000

1000

2989
113
0
0
173
1064
759
1317
1751
0
0
714
99
2243
3966
1308
0
2514
3714
126
556
1327
415
216
339
1217
2641
790
520
35
1168
793
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
776
451
0
145
1284
1
319
2154
295

496
589
806
701
3968
0
0
3655
0
0
0
0
0
3063
169
66
827
570
0
0
0
342
494
0
0
0
0
286
235
339
398
1275
5699
1364
714
0
0
0
779
0
2202
3346
1071
352
254
0
0
699

2462
3311
0
4207
0
339
130
91
1143
0
0
509
1026
0
447
1161
0
922
562
78
0
2122
0
0
0
710
1165
466
1106
376
0
637
0
352
447
1227
963
3038
0
0
868
1189
2849
1728
2171
364
0
2993

0
1964
601
387
1946
545
0
838
51

Boxplot of Births

The high standing numbers indicates that th

in maternaty.
This explains why the lower end of the box s
so low. On the other hand, there are severa
high number of births, apparently specialize
birthing units.

ding numbers indicates that those hospitales are specialized

why the lower end of the box sits on zero and the median is
e other hand, there are several hospitals that, because of the
f births, apparently specialize in birthing or have large