Ecrin v4.20 - Doc v4.20.

01 - KAPPA 1988-2011

Rubis Guided Session #2 RubGS02 - 1/16

Rubis Guided Session #2

A01 Introduction
This chapter is an introduction to some more advanced features of Rubis, as well as an
illustration of the drag and drop possibilities offered by the inclusion of Rubis into the Ecrin
workstation. A Topaze interpretation will be copied and re-simulated in Rubis. Then the initial
Rubis model will be extended before to be copied back to Topaze. As for the previous guided
session, this exercise is by no means intended to reproduce a realistic scenario.
The session will use the five following files installed in the example directory during the main
installation of Ecrin:
RubGS02.ktz,
RubGS02_WO_Kr.asc,
RubGS02_OG_Kr.asc.
Key functionalities presented: drag and drop from Topaze to Rubis and from Rubis to
Topaze, creation and use of well logs output, use of gauge data as well targets, use
of gauge data for comparison with the model, load of relative permeability data from
files, creation of dead zones.

B01 Copying a Topaze Document to Rubis

Start Ecrin and load the file RubGS02.ktz:

Fig. B01.1 RubGS02.ktz completed Topaze interpretation

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The file contains a completed Topaze oil interpretation with a (non perfect) pressure match
obtained on the corrected downhole pressure gauge a well intake model was used to take
the wellbore flowing pressure drop into account.
Click on the Model icon in Topaze to edit the current model configuration:

Fig. B01.2 Model used in Topaze

A numerical 3-layer model was used to obtain the match. Click on Cancel in the Model dialog
in order to avoid a useless re-simulation of the Topaze model.
Switch to Rubis by clicking on the Rubis stone ( ) in the main Ecrin toolbar, and create a new
Rubis document (keep all defaults in the Reservoir - Field infos dialog):

Fig. B01.3 New Rubis document

Ecrin v4.20 - Doc v4.20.01 - KAPPA 1988-2011

Open the Ecrin browser (

two document pane mode (

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) from the main Ecrin toolbar, make sure that the browser is in the
), and display both documents (Topaze and Rubis) alongside:

Fig. B01.4 Ecrin browser

Select the Topaze document and

drag it onto the Rubis document
node:

In the following dialog accept all

defaults (all Topaze objects will be
copied), and leave the top reservoir
depth to its default value (6000 ft):

Close the Ecrin browser: the Topaze document has been copied into Rubis.

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Rubis Guided Session #2 RubGS02 - 4/16

In Rubis move to the Well Data tab in order to check that the Topaze oil rate and surface
pressure gauges have been correctly transferred:

Fig. B01.5 Well data tab

Click on the Grid button in the Simulation page and accept all defaults in the Simulation
Grid dialog to generate the 3D geometrical grid in Rubis:

Fig. B01.6 Simulation Grid dialog

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Proceed with the Run Settings option here too you may accept all defaults. Initialize the
model and finally click on Simulate:

Fig. B01.7 Simulation is complete

Maximize the Gauges plot and double-click inside the Pressure plot to maximize it:

Fig. B01.8 Bottomhole and surface well simulated pressures

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As in Topaze, the Rubis simulation was performed with the oil surface rate gauge used as a
target, as can be seen in the Wells Controls dialog (called from the Wells button in the
Simulation panel).
Click on
in the Conditional constraints window to activate the constraint that closes
the well when the total bottomhole rate reaches the zero value.

Fig. B01.9 Target and constraint for the reference well

The pressure comparison on the other hand is at surface, whereas the Topaze history plot
showed downhole values. More precisely, the original Topaze file showed a match between the
simulated downhole pressure, and the data corrected to downhole conditions using the defined
Intake model. What we compare in Rubis is the actual surface pressure, with the Rubis
simulated equivalent. While the Rubis reservoir and wellbore model are the same as in Topaze,
the Topaze production is (only) single phase oil, whereas the Rubis production is multiphase.
The distinct production will obviously drive a different pressure drop, explaining the difference
in surface pressure:

Fig. B01.10 Single phase model in Topaze (left)

compared to the multiphase model in Rubis (right)
Save the current Rubis file as RubGS02.krp.

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B02 Extending the Model in Rubis

B02.1 Modifying the Model
Because the previous model was generated in Rubis after a drag and drop from Topaze it
followed the Topaze modeling hypotheses: no gravity, and as a result an isotropic initial state
(same initial pressure throughout the reservoir, constant initial fluid saturations).
Click on the Field infos button to edit the Reservoir Field infos dialog:

Fig. B02.1 Reservoir - Field Infos dialog

Check the button Account for gravity and exit with OK.
Click on Properties in the Simulation page to edit the Reservoir Properties dialog:

Fig. B02.2 Reservoir Properties dialog

Ecrin v4.20 - Doc v4.20.01 - KAPPA 1988-2011

Edit the KrPc properties and check

extrapolation box in the Kr Data tab:

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the

No

In the same tab click on the Load button next to the

model selection, in the Water-Oil frame:

In the following load dialog,

RubGS02_WO_Kr.asc, and load
Krow(Sw) accordingly:

select the file

Krwo(Sw) and

Repeat the same operation with the Oil-Gas system

and the file RubGS02_OG_Kr.asc:

Move to the Kr Two-phase tab to visualize the loaded Water-Oil and Oil-Gas relative
permeabilities:

Fig. B02.3 Water-Oil and Oil-Gas relative permeabilities

Edit the Pc Data tab. Change the PcMax value of the

Water-Oil system to 3 psia:

Click on OK to validate the changes.

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Edit the Initial State dialog and enter the following input:
Reference depth
Reference initial pressure
Reservoir temperature
GOC
WOC

=
=
=
=
=

6035 ft
5000 psia
212 F
6005 ft
6102 ft

Fig. B02.4 Reservoir initial state before (left) and after (right) the changes
Click on OK to validate the modifications.

In the main Reservoir Properties dialog, edit the

middle layer (Layer 2) property set (PS1):
Right now this layer exhibits an absolute permeability of
1E-4 mD which means it is a sealing barrier to flow.
We can more clearly express this in Rubis by setting the
entire property set to Dead, in order to set k==0 over
the layer:
Because the model in Topaze is single phase flow the
permeability values we retrieved by drag and drop is oil
effective permeability, as a result the Rubis (absolute)
permeability must be increased. Change the top layer k
value from 37 to 50 mD:
Proceed similarly in the bottom layer (Layer 3), by
changing k from 112 to 150 mD:
Click on OK to validate all changes and exit the Reservoir Properties dialog.
Double-click on the well in the 2DMap to edit the Reservoir Wells dialog. Then edit its
perforations:

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Rubis Guided Session #2 RubGS02 - 10/16

Fig. B02.5 Well perforations dialog, Perforations tab

Since the well was fully perforated in Topaze the copied well in Rubis was initialized with
3 perforations covering all layers. This does not correspond to the reality, as the actual
perforations stand at the following measured depths:
Perf #1:
Perf #2:
Perf #3:

MD start = 6007 ft
MD start = 6021 ft
MD start = 6057 ft

MD end = 6013 ft
MD end = 6035 ft
MD end = 6067 ft

Reset as well all skin values to 0.

Make the requested modifications in the Perforations tab and move to the Cross-Section
View to visualize the new configuration:

Fig. B02.6 Well perforations dialog, Cross-Section View tab

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B02.2 Running the Model

Rebuild the grid (accept all default settings):

Fig. B02.7 Rubis simulation tab after grid construction

Edit the Simulation Run Settings dialog:

Fig. B02.8 Simulation Run Settings dialog

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In the first tab change the fast modeling factor

to 10%:

Move on to the Results tab and in the

left-hand side tree check the Results Logs
node, meaning that we wish to output well logs:

Click on the Result Logs node in the tree, and

in the table located in the bottom-right corner
change the output time period to 100 hrs,
meaning that 15 output logs will be output over
the 1500 hrs simulation:

Click on OK to validate the changes, proceed with Initialize, and run the simulation.
B02.3 Visualizing the Model Results
Maximize the Logs Reference well plot:

Fig. B02.9 Output logs plot

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Click on the selection of displayed data button in the plot toolbar (

) and in the dialog

choose to keep only the oil and gas rate displayed. Click on the Show/Hide Layers button (
to visualize the layer geometry, and click as well on the Show/Hide Contributions button (

)
):

Fig. B02.10 Oil and gas rate contributions, superposed to the layer geometry

Use the horizontal zoom button ( ) to magnify

the near zero rate region in the qo contribution
model view, in order to visualize the last
simulated log (highlighted in white):

The plot clearly shows that there is crossflow (of approximately 140 STB/D) of oil in the
wellbore during the build-up, with flow from the upper layers being taken by the bottom. The
crossflow is increasing with time, as can be seen by changing the highlighted log with the time
navigation toolbar buttons (

).

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Maximize the 2D Geometry plot and draw a cross-section passing through the well
button in the plot toolbar:

Fig. B02.11 Drawing a cross-section in the 2D Geometry output plot

Restore the plot to its previous size and use the

New plot menu to create a new Cross Section
plot:

Maximize the Cross-Section plot, choose to display the last pressure field by selecting p as the
property to be displayed and by clicking on
the color scale with

to visualize the last field select also to display

after having reset the min-max with

Fig. B02.12 Cross-Section plot, pressure field at 1500 hrs

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The plot clearly shows the pressure difference between the upper and lower layers in the
vicinity of the well during the build-up, explaining the simulated crossflow. Note as well that
the dead zone (Layer 2) is ignored by the simulation 3D grid.
B02.4 Copying the Model results Back to Topaze
Get back to the initial Topaze document by clicking on

in the main Ecrin toolbar.

Re-extract the Topaze production without well

intake correction to achieve this, click on
Extraction in the Analysis page and uncheck the
Use intake box:

In the following dialog chose to delete the model

data:

Open the Ecrin browser (

) from the main Ecrin toolbar, and develop the Simulation Output
node on the Rubis side, and the Analysis node on the Topaze side:

Fig. B02.13 Ecrin browser

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Select the Result Gauges node of the

Reference well in the Rubis document and
drag it onto the Model output node of the
Topaze Analysis 1:

Close the Ecrin browser: the Rubis simulation has been copied as a model gauge in Topaze:

Fig. B02.14 Rubis model copied to the Topaze document

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