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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE

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She was a Phantom of Delight
William Wordsworth (17701850)
William Wordsworth is a world-renowned British poet who, along with Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, is credited with developing the tenets of the Romantic Movement in his masterpiece
The Prelude (1798). In the Preface to this masterpiece, he outlines the theory behind
Romanticism, claiming that the language of poetry should be based on the real language of
men, and he pronounces poetry to be the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes
its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity. Hence, one of the main tenets of
Romanticism is imagination, which takes precedence over intellect. He lived in the Lake District,
a scenic area of north western England, which frequently inspired his poetry. He received a
number of honorary degrees during his lifetime, as well as becoming Poet Laureate in 1843. The
poem She was a Phantom of Delight is addressed to his wife, Mary Hutchinson, celebrating
love and her good-natured personality.
Glossary:
Line 10
Line 13
Line 15
Line 19
Line 19
Line 25

way-lay
household motions
countenance
transient
wiles
temperate will

intercept/lie in wait
domestic activity
appearance
brief, short-lived
artifice
moderate character

A. Read She was a Phantom of Delight out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of She was a Phantom of Delight?
2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of She was a Phantom of Delight?

3. What sound effects stand out in She was a Phantom of Delight?

4. What figures of speech dominate She was a Phantom of Delight?

LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


Students Edition
B. She was a Phantom of Delight SECOND READING.
1. Why do we feel that the first stanzas description of the female is that of a spiritual being
rather than a physical one?
2. What line indicates that this female made a very strong impression on him from the start?
3. What words does the poet use to describe her as beautiful, young, and joyous?
4. Paraphrase the line To haunt, to startle, and way-lay.
5. Who is the I in the poem?
6. What words in the second stanza indicate that the description is no longer one of a
supernatural being, but is rather a description of a physical human being?
7. What words in the second stanza reinforce a realistic image as opposed to the romantic
image promoted in the first stanza?
C. She was a Phantom of Delight THIRD READING
1. What do the following lines in the third stanza further reinforce?
A Being breathing thoughtful breath, / A Traveller between life and death;
2. Aside from the poets wife, to whom does the line A perfect Woman, nobly planned
refer?

3. Why do you think the poet uses capital letters for some of the nouns he uses?

4. Compare Wordsworths description of his wife in the second stanza with that in the third
stanza.
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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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5. What in your opinion do the different descriptions Wordsworth gives of his wife
indicate?
6. How do we know that in the last stanza Wordsworth feels that his final reading of his
wifes character is one he is satisfied with?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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Weekly Homework Essay:


Explore the ways in which She was a Phantom of Delight vividly conveys Wordsworths
changing perception and appreciation of the woman he loves during the course of their
relationship.

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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Tiger in the Menagerie
Emma Jones (born 1977)
Emma Jones was born in Australia of an Australian father and a British mother who had
emigrated to Australia. Her first collection of poetry is titled The Striped World (2009). She
spent many years working and travelling abroad, but she returned to study English in Sydney,
Australia. Jones obtained the University Medal when she graduated from the University of
Sydney in 2001. Her PhD was obtained from the University of Cambridge in 2002.
Emma Jones reads Tiger in the Menagerie:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BZFFOZA0ws

Glossary:
Line 1
Line 10
Line 11
Line 17

menagerie
colonnade
main
aviary

a place where wild animals are placed on show


a structure characterized by arches
an ocean
a bird-keeping structure; a cage for birds

A. Read Tiger in the Menagerie out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of Tiger in the Menagerie?

2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of Tiger in the Menagerie?


3. What sound effects stand out in Tiger in the Menagerie?
4. What figures of speech dominate Tiger in the Menagerie?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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B. Tiger in the Menagerie SECOND READING.
1. Why do you think the poet described the tigers movement into the menagerie as a
painting?

2. What do you think the expression rock shut could mean from the context?
3. What is the implied meaning of the image the bars were the lashes of the stripes / the
stripes were the lashes of the bars? What could this image actually mean?
4. What does the title Tiger in the Menagerie tell us about the tiger?

C. Tiger in the Menagerie THIRD READING


1. What do the following lines in the fourth stanza indicate about the tiger?
Through the long colonnade / That shed its fretwork to the Indian main
2. What do the words theyd gone mean, and who does the pronoun they refer to?
3. Who does the word menagerie (l. 16) stand for?
4. Where is another example of a synecdoche in the last stanza?
5. How does the poet make it clear that the other animals were fearful of the tiger?
6. Who does the pronoun Its refer to in line 18?

7. What descriptive words indicate the ferocity and fearsomeness of the tiger?
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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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lion heart
Amanda Chong (born 1989)

Amanda Chong is the daughter of Singaporean Principal Senior State Counsel David Chong. She
is an avid reader who published her first book, The Best of Friends, with the aid of the Budding
Writers Project at the age of eleven. At sixteen, she won the top prize of the A-Level Literature
competition for students who are not British. The poem she won a prize for was lion heart in
which she addresses the spirit and emblem of Singapore, the mythical beast Merlion. At
nineteen, Chong won the well-known Angus Ross prize for Literature while competing with
students from India to New Zealand. The examiners, who were members of the Cambridge
International Examinations (CIE) committee chose her poem for its maturity of content and
outstanding style of expression. In 2004, she also won the Commonwealth Essay Competition
for her book What the Modern Woman Wants. The very next year, she went on to take Britains
well-known poetry award, the Foyle Young Poets of the Year Award, which is offered to
students aged between eleven and seventeen. While she has chosen to study law, Chong has tried
her hand at writing, directing, and acting in plays.
Glossary:
Line 2
Line 9
Line 10
Line 12
Line 17
Line 20
Line 21
Line 25
Line 26
Line 34
Line 35

dappled
sinews
runes
heralding
haunches
summoned
loam
pulmonary
bumboats
keris
tentacles

marked with spots or rounded patches.


tissue joining muscle to bone (implying strength)
ancient alphabet
signalling
upper part of leg
assembled
soil
relating to the lungs; main artery
small boats; junks
swords with a curved, wave-like blade
a slender, flexible limb

A. Read lion heart out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of lion heart?
2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of lion heart?
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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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3. What sound effects stand out in lion heart?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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4. What figures of speech dominate lion heart?
B. lion heart SECOND READING
1. Who or what is the subject of this poem?

2. What do the first two stanzas tell us about this creature?


3. Give a contextual synonym for the word shroud (l. 14).
4. Which lines tell us of this creatures beginnings?

5. Which lines emphasize the fact that the creature is no longer an aquatic being?

6. In the line In crackling boats, seeds arrived, wind-blown, (l. 19), what does the noun
seeds refer to?
C. lion heart THIRD READING
1. Which stanza indicates that Singapore prospered under the watchful eye of this creature?
2. Who is the poet addressing in stanza six when she uses the words Remember your self:
your raw lion heart, (l. 30)?
3. Who is the subject of the seventh stanza?
4. Paraphrase the message that the poet is giving her people in stanzas six and seven.

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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5. What do the lines flung high and caught unsheathed, scattering / five stars in the red
tapestry of your sky (l. 37-38) refer to?

6. What is the overall tone of this poem?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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Heart and Mind
Edith Sitwell (18871964)

Edith Sitwell is best known for Faade, a group of poems accompanied by music, and for the
powerful and dramatic poem Still Falls the Rain which describes the Blitz in London during
the Second World War. Sitwell came from an affluent family, yet she suffered an unhappy
childhood due to her parents neglect. After escaping with her governess to London, she soon
came to dominate meetings held by writers and artists. By 1920, she was looked upon as an
important poet with a far-reaching influence. Sitwell was given the title of Dame in 1954. Her
poems make use of both symbolism and allegory to project a personal image that was often
looked upon as eccentric. Though her poems deal with social injustice and religious topics
related to the horrors of the atomic age, she is also acknowledged to be primarily a poet of love.
The poem Heart and Mind was written in 1944, a chaotic period during the Second World War
and was perhaps a criticism of allowing emotion to enter the realm of war.
Glossary:
Line 1
Lines 1415

amber
HerculesSamson

Line 15

the pillars of the sea

a colour between yellow and fiery orange


the strongman superheroes of Greek
mythology and the Bible, each of which was
undone and betrayed
the supposed boundary-columns at the
entrance to the Mediterranean

A. Read Heart and Mind out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of Heart and Mind?
2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of Heart and Mind?

3. What sound effects stand out in Heart and Mind?

4. What figures of speech dominate Heart and Mind?


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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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B. Heart and Mind SECOND READING
1. How is the poem set out?
2. Summarize the lions words to the lioness.

3. What line in the first stanza reflects that the lion is talking of a physical emotional/lustful
union?

4. What words in the first stanza indicate the vitality, strength, and energy of youth?

5. Paraphrase the idea the Skeleton expresses in stanza two.

C. Heart and Mind THIRD READING


1. Who is the I and me in the third stanza?

2. What is the problem that faced both Hercules and Samson?

3. Who is the King in the last stanza?


4. Which hopeless love is he talking about?
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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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5. Why is their love hopeless?

6. Why could the poem be looked upon as allegorical?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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Weekly Homework Essay:
Choose specific lines/stanzas from each of the poems lion heart by Amanda Chong and Heart
and Mind by Edith Sitwell which you find particularly powerful. With close reference to the
poets words, show why you find the lines so powerful.

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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For my Grandmother Knitting
Liz Lochhead (1947)
Liz Lochhead is a Scottish poet, playwright, and actress. She was an art teacher in Glasgow and
Bristol while she wrote several volumes of poetry, but she is, perhaps, best known for her plays.
She has been a playwright since the early 1980s; she writes original plays, as well as giving
adaptations of classics a Scottish voice. Her first collection of poems, Memo for Spring, was
published in 1972; her sixth collection, The Colour of Black and White, was published in 2003.
In 2005, Lochhead was appointed as Poet Laureate for Glasgow, only stepping down in 2011
when she became the Scots Makarthe National Poet for Scotland. Liz Lochheads works focus
on various aspects of womanhood and the female side of relationships. In her work, she makes
use of parallelsparallels between past and present and them and us. The poem For my
Grandmother Knitting (from Memo for Spring, 1972) focuses on the points of connection
between past and present, youth and old age.
Glossary:
Line 11
Line 12
Line 16

deft
still-ticking
hand-span

skilful
still alive
the width of a hand (i.e., very slim)

A. Read For my Grandmother Knitting out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of For my Grandmother Knitting?

2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of For my Grandmother Knitting?

3. What sound effects stand out in For my Grandmother Knitting?

4. What figures of speech dominate For my Grandmother Knitting?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE

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5. The words "need, necessity, and necessary" appear throughout the poem. How does
the meaning change at different stages in life.

B. For my Grandmother Knitting SECOND READING


1. What point-of-view is used in this poem?

2. Who does the pronoun they refer to? What effect does it have?

3. How do the first and second stanzas reflect a parallel structure?

4. The line your grasp of things is not so good could have two meanings. What are they?

5. What do the lines master of your moments (l. 10) and you slit the still-ticking silver
fish, (l. 12) mean?

6. What does the word then refer to in the second stanza?

7. Pick out and comment on the comparisons between the quality of life in the past and the
present in stanza three.

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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8. In your own words, paraphrase the attitude the younger generation have towards the
grandmother in stanza four.
C. For my Grandmother Knitting THIRD READING
1. Throughout the poem, what are the different roles that the Grandmother has played
according to the poet?
2. Which lines in the first stanza highlight the message that the Grandmother is accustomed
to feeling needed and useful, and does not want to cease in her efforts?
3. Why do you think the poet chose the act of knitting to represent the efforts of the
Grandmother?
4. Given the feelings of the children regarding the efforts of the Grandmother, how do you
think they feel about her?
5. What is the fundamental issue that this poem stresses?
6. What is the over-riding tone of this poem?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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Father Returning Home


Dilip Chitre (19382009)
Chitre was one of the best known poets that independent India has produced. He wrote in both
English and Marathi which was his mother tongue. He also dabbled in painting and film making.
In 1960, Chitre helped in setting up the well-known little magazine movement in Marathi. By
1975, the International Writing Programme of the University of Iowa (USA) offered him a
visiting fellowship. He had always been interested in film, so in 1969 he embarked on a
professional film career, and has to his credit a number of documentary videos and films as well
as short cinema format films. For most of these films, he wrote their music, and either was fully
involved in directing them or assisted in their direction. Most of his writing is centred on
Mumbai where a lack of security or a sense of belonging and alienation were problems
encountered by people who came to the city in search of livelihood. The poem Father Returning
Home highlights this sense of alienation.

Glossary:
Line 2
Line 4
Line 7
Line 12
Line 14
Line 16
Line 20
Line 22
Line 24

commuters
soggy
monsoon
chappals
chapati
estrangement
sullen
static
nomads

daily passengers
unpleasantly wet and soft
period of heavy rains in South Asia
leather sandals
piece of unleavened bread
alienation; state of being unfriendly
bad tempered and sulky; resentfully silent
noise blocking regular radio or TV signal
a community that travels from place to place

A. Read Father Returning Home out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of Father Returning Home?
2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of Father Returning Home?

3. What sound effects stand out in Father Returning Home?


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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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4. What figures of speech dominate Father Returning Home?

B. Father Returning Home SECOND READING


1. Who is the individual represented in the My (l. 1) and Now I can see (l. 8), and
what do these pronouns tell us?

2. Why are the fathers clothes wet?

3. What are the possible implications of the line Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes?

4. What words in the poem indicate this mans lonely existence?

5. Give an appropriate contextual synonym for the word contemplate (l. 15).

6. Why does the poet describe his children as sullen?

C. Father Returning Home THIRD READING

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1. Which words in the poem represent the strongest image that reflects the fathers
alienation from his environment?

2. What does the first stanza highlight?

3. Which line tells us that Chitre is imagining his fathers regular activities?

4. Comment on the image: His bag stuffed with books is falling apart.

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5. What are the possible implications for the words Coming out he trembles at the sink
(l. 17)?
6. What does the father dream of?

7. According to Chitre, what are his fathers only forms of relief from this mundane
existence?

8. What is the dominant tone* of the poem? (*The manner/diction in which a writer
approaches a theme and subject is called the tone.)

9. What are the possible themes of this poem?

Weekly Homework Essay:


How do Lochhead and Chitre explore the sense of alienation that the aged face in our modern
age?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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The Lost Woman


Patricia Beer (19241999)
Patricia Beer is a British novelist, poet, literary academic, and essayist who studied at both
Exeter University and Oxford and lived most of her life in Devonher birthplace. She was
influenced by her Plymouth Brethren family and religious upbringing. She started writing in the
1950s and led a glamorous and well-travelled life. For a time, she lived and taught English and
literature in Italy, as well as being a senior lecturer in Goldsmiths College in London. Beer has
written an autobiography, seven collections of poetry, a literary criticism of Victorian fiction,
and a novel set in 16th Century Devon. The recurring subjects in her works are death, love, good
vs. evil, religious belief and God, nature, and the passage of time. A common theme that Beer
dealt with was the haunting of the living by the dead, and this can be seen in The Lost Woman
for Beer lost her mother when she was just fourteen.
See this website for a fine reading by the poet herself with an interesting introduction to the
poem.
I'd like to finish with this one called The Lost Woman. The more one reads poetry or novels, the more one realises that
almost every writer has a lost woman somewhere or other - a woman he deserted, as in the case of Wordsworth - that
applies to Wordsworth too, but I was thinking much more of "surprised by joy, impatient as the wind" - a daughter who
died, mothers, mistresses, girlfriends, daughters, grandmothers, anybody. Every writer nearly always has a lost woman. And
it was a great stimulus to me to suddenly realise that so had I and this is The Lost Woman. And this is as far as I've got in
speaking about this event. -

http://www.poetryarchive.org/poem/lost-woman
Glossary:
Line4
Line 9
Line 12
Line 16
Line 18
Line 25
Line 27

brook
ivy
tendrils
wit
OU
benign
crepuscular

Line 30

chide

small stream
climbing plant
thin leafless stems used for support
clever and amusing
Open University (the British distance-learning university)
benevolent; gentle; non-threatening
period of time when day is changing from light to dark or
vice-versa
to scold; to tell off

A. Read The Lost Woman out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of The Lost Woman?
2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of The Lost Woman?
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3. What sound effects stand out in The Lost Woman?
4. What figures of speech dominate The Lost Woman?

B. The Lost Woman SECOND READING


1. Who is the lost woman the poet is talking about?

2. What does the phrase My mother went mean?

3. What do lines three to eight emphasize?

4. Paraphrase the following lines in stanza two:


So a romance began.
The ivy-mother turned into a tree
That still hops away like a rainbow down
The avenue as I approach.
My tendrils are the ones that clutch. (l. 812)
5. What kind of existence does Patricia Beer imagine for her mother: I made a life for her
over the years (l. 13)? How far does it reflect the life that she might have actually led?

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C. The Lost Woman THIRD READING
1. What do stanzas four and five describe?

2. How does Beers lost woman muse compare with other poets muses?

3. What are the accusations that Beers mother scolds her for?

4. What reversal of status is reflected in the last two lines of stanza six?

5. Whose voice ends this poem and has the last word?

6. How would you describe the mothers tone in the last stanza?

7. Does this elegy reflect the customary characteristics of this genre of poetry?

8. How does the poet reflect a chronological/timeline order?

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Coming Home
Owen Sheers (born 1974)

Owen Sheers is a Welsh poet, author, and scriptwriter. His first poetry collection, The Blue Book,
won the Somerset Maugham award, while The Dust Diaries, a prose work, earned the 2005
Welsh Book of the Year Award. He had the honor of being chosen as a member of the Next
Generation Poets and the Independents top 30 writers. Sheers poems investigate useless
cruelty, emotions that arise due to feelings of love, death, loss, and the sufferings due to human
frailty. Sheers, known for his visual imagery and reflections on farm life, also writes
unconventional love poems. He describes himself as being quite an instinctive writer, I do a lot
of it on the ear to explain his free verse and use of rhyme that effects an easy lyricism.
Glossary:
Line 4
Line 6
Line 12
Line 12

kneads
makes her over
snagged
blackthorn

to press firmly and repeatedly


transforms appearance; gives a glamorous makeover
caught on something sharp
a type of plant

A. Read Coming Home out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of Coming Home?

2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of Coming Home?

3. What sound effects stand out in Coming Home?

4. What figures of speech dominate Coming Home?


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B. Coming Home SECOND READING
1. Who is the speaker?

2. What does it seem Sheers is talking about in this poem?

3. How do we know that?

4. What does Sheers mother appear to be doing and where?

5. What word in stanza two tells us that his fathers actions are customary (things he has
always done)?

6. What season is this homecoming taking place in?

7. What occasion does the last stanza seem to describe?

C. Coming Home THIRD READING


1. What words emphasize that each stanza is about one member of his family?

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2. How do the activities that Sheers describes reflect his nostalgia and affection for his
parents?

3. What words in stanzas one and two indicate that time has passed?

4. How do we know that the family members have come together in stanza three?

5. What does a tune he plays faster each year (l. 18) refer to?

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LEVEL M SONGS OF OURSELVES VOL 2 Selection for 2016 IGCSE


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Weekly Homework Essay:
How do Beer and Sheers vividly convey their feeling about their family relationships in The
Lost Woman and Coming Home respectively?

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Stabat Mater
Sam Hunt (born 1946)

Sam Hunt is an icon in New Zealand. He enjoyed a happy family background in spite of a great
disparity in age between his parents: he was born to a thirty-year-old mother, and a father who
was sixty at the time! He comes from parents who enjoyed the arts and participated in poem
recitations. He is not only a poet, but also an actor who performed on stage due to his powerful
and memorable voice. Though he had a Catholic upbringing, he is known for his antiauthoritarian, rebellious, and unconventional behavior to such an extent that he had to leave his
Catholic high school. His poetry has the characteristic of being unique in expressing things that
few others could express, and in giving the illusion of simplicity in effecting his observations.
His poems, whether elegiac or romantic, present phrases that are often aphoristic in nature due to
their conciseness and meanings. In spite of being an unconventional individual, he nevertheless
acknowledges those influences that shape human lives, and hence makes use of the Christian
tradition in his poetry. Moreover, his own experiences dominate his poems; he writes about his
parents, sons, loss, and love.
Glossary:
Title

Stabat Mater (Latin)

Line 3

inscribed

The mother stood; the title of a medieval hymn to


Mary, the grieving mother of Jesus
writing; something written

A. Read Stabat Mater out loud.


1. What is the poetic form of Stabat Mater?

2. What is the form and rhyme scheme of Stabat Mater?

3. What sound effects stand out in Stabat Mater?

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4. What figures of speech dominate Stabat Mater?

B. Stabat Mater SECOND READING


1. How did the poet learn what his mother called his father (Mr. Hunt) early in their
marriage?

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2. Why was she embarrassed when her son asked her the reason for such an address?

3. Paraphrase the following lines in stanza two:


But later on explained how hard it had been
To call him any other name at first, when he
Her fathers elder made her seem so small. (l. 68)

4. Which lines tell us that years later things changed? Explain these lines.
Now in a different way, still like a girl,
She calls my father every other sort of name;
And guiding him as he roams old age
Sometimes turns to me as if it were a game (l. 912)

C. Stabat Mater THIRD READING


1. Which line(s) tell us that his mother still loves his father though he is now an old man?

2. What is the poet in the last two lines of the poem telling us?

3. How would you describe the tone of the poem?

4. What is the poem about?

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5. Why has the poet called his poem by the title Stabat Mater?

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Weekly Homework Essay:
Explore the way Sam Hunt portrays the passage of time in Stabat Mater.

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