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  • Female Reproductive System Sample

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    medpgnotes
    140 Ansichten15 Seiten
    Contents : Development of female reproductive system Anatomy of female reproductive system Congenital malformations of female reproductive system General features of congenital anomalies of female genital tract Septate uterus Uterus didelphys Bicorunate uterus Vaginal atresia Gartner cyst MRKH syndrome Bartholin cyst Physiology of female reproductive system General features of female reproductive system Ovulatory phase Luteal phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase Vaginal cytology Sexuality and intersexuality Sexuality in females Precocious puberty Mccune albright syndrome Kallman syndrome Intersexuality Disorders of menstruation General features of disorders of menstruation Amenorrhea Cryptomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Polymenorrhea Menorrhagia GNRH analogue Metorrhagia Metropathica hemorrhagica Dysmenorrhea Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Menopause Postmenopausal bleeding Hormone replacement therapy PCOD and hirsutism PCOD Hirsutism Danazol Endometriosis and adenomyosis Endometriosis Adenomyosis Infections of female genital tract General features of infections of female genital tract Pelvic inflammatory disease Trichomonal vaginitis Chlamydial infection of female genital tract Bacterial vaginosis Gonococcal infection Tuberculous infection of female genital tract Syphilis Candidial infection of female genital tract Infertility General features of infertility Male infertility Asherman syndrome Investigations for infertility Management of infertility Clomiphene citrate Urogynaecology General features of urogynaecology Uterine prolapse Vesicovaginal fistula Ureterovaginal fistula Urethrovaginal fistula Vesicouterine fistula Rectovaginal fistula Stress incontinence Urge incontinence Retroverted uterus Vault prolapse Ureter and bladder injury Breast Anatomy of breast Lesions of breast Paget’s disease of breast Gynecomastia Grades of gynecomastia Tumors of breast Causes of carcinoma breast Types of carcinoma breast Features of carcinoma breast Staging of carcinoma breast Screening of carcinoma breast Diagnosis of carcinoma breast Medical management of breast cancer Surgical management of carcinoma breast Prognostic factors in cacinoma breast Cervix Anatomy of cervix Causes of cervical cancer Lesions of cervix Features of cervical cancer Staging of cervical cancer Screening of cervical cancer Diagnosis of cervical cancer Management of cervical cancer Prognostic factors of cervical cancer Endometrium Causes of endometrial carcinoma Lesions of endometrium Features of endometrial carcinoma Staging of endometrial carcinoma Diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma Management of endometrial carcinoma Fibroid General features of uterine tumors Causes of fibroid Clinical features of fibroid Complication of fibroid in pregnancy Diagnosis of fibroid Medical management of fibroid Surgical management of fibroid Uterine sarcoma Ovarian malignancy Anatomy of ovary General features of ovarian malignancy Causes of ovarian malignancy Ovarian cyst Granulosa cell tumor Dermoid cyst/ mature teratoma Dysgerminoma Endodermal sinus tumor Brenner tumor Choriocarcinoma Krukenberg tumor Fibroma and meig syndrome Clear cell carcinoma Hilus cell tumor Staging of ovarian cancer Diagnosis of ovarian tumor Treatment of ovarian tumor Vaginal and vulval malignancy Operative surgery and diagnostic procedures Hysteroscopy Laparascopy Hysterosalpingography Dilatation and currettage Diagnosis of ovulation Drugs of female reproductive system General features of drugs of female reproductive system Estrogen Progesterone For more details, visit www.medpgnotes.com You can send your queries to medpgnotes@gmail.com

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    Contents : Development of female reproductive system Anatomy of female reproductive system Congenital malformations of female reproductive system General features of congenital anomalies of female genital tract Septate uterus Uterus didelphys Bicorunate uterus Vaginal atresia Gartner cyst MRKH syndrome Bartholin cyst Physiology of female reproductive system General features of female reproductive system Ovulatory phase Luteal phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase Vaginal cytology Sexuality and intersexuality Sexuality in females Precocious puberty Mccune albright syndrome Kallman syndrome Intersexuality Disorders of menstruation General features of disorders of menstruation Amenorrhea Cryptomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Polymenorrhea Menorrhagia GNRH analogue Metorrhagia Metropathica hemorrhagica Dysmenorrhea Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Menopause Postmenopausal bleeding Hormone replacement therapy PCOD and hirsutism PCOD Hirsutism Danazol Endometriosis and adenomyosis Endometriosis Adenomyosis Infections of female genital tract General features of infections of female genital tract Pelvic inflammatory disease Trichomonal vaginitis Chlamydial infection of female genital tract Bacterial vaginosis Gonococcal infection Tuberculous infection of female genital tract Syphilis Candidial infection of female genital tract Infertility General features of infertility Male infertility Asherman syndrome Investigations for infertility Management of infertility Clomiphene citrate Urogynaecology General features of urogynaecology Uterine prolapse Vesicovaginal fistula Ureterovaginal fistula Urethrovaginal fistula Vesicouterine fistula Rectovaginal fistula Stress incontinence Urge incontinence Retroverted uterus Vault prolapse Ureter and bladder injury Breast Anatomy of breast Lesions of breast Paget’s disease of breast Gynecomastia Grades of gynecomastia Tumors of breast Causes of carcinoma breast Types of carcinoma breast Features of carcinoma breast Staging of carcinoma breast Screening of carcinoma breast Diagnosis of carcinoma breast Medical management of breast cancer Surgical management of carcinoma breast Prognostic factors in cacinoma breast Cervix Anatomy of cervix Causes of cervical cancer Lesions of cervix Features of cervical cancer Staging of cervical cancer Screening of cervical cancer Diagnosis of cervical cancer Management of cervical cancer Prognostic factors of cervical cancer Endometrium Causes of endometrial carcinoma Lesions of endometrium Features of endometrial carcinoma Staging of endometrial carcinoma Diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma Management of endometrial carcinoma Fibroid General features of uterine tumors Causes of fibroid Clinical features of fibroid Complication of fibroid in pregnancy Diagnosis of fibroid Medical management of fibroid Surgical management of fibroid Uterine sarcoma Ovarian malignancy Anatomy of ovary General features of ovarian malignancy Causes of ovarian malignancy Ovarian cyst Granulosa cell tumor Dermoid cyst/ mature teratoma Dysgerminoma Endodermal sinus tumor Brenner tumor Choriocarcinoma Krukenberg tumor Fibroma and meig syndrome Clear cell carcinoma Hilus cell tumor Staging of ovarian cancer Diagnosis of ovarian tumor Treatment of ovarian tumor Vaginal and vulval malignancy Operative surgery and diagnostic procedures Hysteroscopy Laparascopy Hysterosalpingography Dilatation and currettage Diagnosis of ovulation Drugs of female reproductive system General features of drugs of female reproductive system Estrogen Progesterone For more details, visit www.medpgnotes.com You can send your queries to medpgnotes@gmail.com

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    140 Ansichten15 Seiten

    Female Reproductive System Sample

    Hochgeladen von

    medpgnotes
    Contents : Development of female reproductive system Anatomy of female reproductive system Congenital malformations of female reproductive system General features of congenital anomalies of female genital tract Septate uterus Uterus didelphys Bicorunate uterus Vaginal atresia Gartner cyst MRKH syndrome Bartholin cyst Physiology of female reproductive system General features of female reproductive system Ovulatory phase Luteal phase Proliferative phase Secretory phase Vaginal cytology Sexuality and intersexuality Sexuality in females Precocious puberty Mccune albright syndrome Kallman syndrome Intersexuality Disorders of menstruation General features of disorders of menstruation Amenorrhea Cryptomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea Polymenorrhea Menorrhagia GNRH analogue Metorrhagia Metropathica hemorrhagica Dysmenorrhea Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Menopause Postmenopausal bleeding Hormone replacement therapy PCOD and hirsutism PCOD Hirsutism Danazol Endometriosis and adenomyosis Endometriosis Adenomyosis Infections of female genital tract General features of infections of female genital tract Pelvic inflammatory disease Trichomonal vaginitis Chlamydial infection of female genital tract Bacterial vaginosis Gonococcal infection Tuberculous infection of female genital tract Syphilis Candidial infection of female genital tract Infertility General features of infertility Male infertility Asherman syndrome Investigations for infertility Management of infertility Clomiphene citrate Urogynaecology General features of urogynaecology Uterine prolapse Vesicovaginal fistula Ureterovaginal fistula Urethrovaginal fistula Vesicouterine fistula Rectovaginal fistula Stress incontinence Urge incontinence Retroverted uterus Vault prolapse Ureter and bladder injury Breast Anatomy of breast Lesions of breast Paget’s disease of breast Gynecomastia Grades of gynecomastia Tumors of breast Causes of carcinoma breast Types of carcinoma breast Features of carcinoma breast Staging of carcinoma breast Screening of carcinoma breast Diagnosis of carcinoma breast Medical management of breast cancer Surgical management of carcinoma breast Prognostic factors in cacinoma breast Cervix Anatomy of cervix Causes of cervical cancer Lesions of cervix Features of cervical cancer Staging of cervical cancer Screening of cervical cancer Diagnosis of cervical cancer Management of cervical cancer Prognostic factors of cervical cancer Endometrium Causes of endometrial carcinoma Lesions of endometrium Features of endometrial carcinoma Staging of endometrial carcinoma Diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma Management of endometrial carcinoma Fibroid General features of uterine tumors Causes of fibroid Clinical features of fibroid Complication of fibroid in pregnancy Diagnosis of fibroid Medical management of fibroid Surgical management of fibroid Uterine sarcoma Ovarian malignancy Anatomy of ovary General features of ovarian malignancy Causes of ovarian malignancy Ovarian cyst Granulosa cell tumor Dermoid cyst/ mature teratoma Dysgerminoma Endodermal sinus tumor Brenner tumor Choriocarcinoma Krukenberg tumor Fibroma and meig syndrome Clear cell carcinoma Hilus cell tumor Staging of ovarian cancer Diagnosis of ovarian tumor Treatment of ovarian tumor Vaginal and vulval malignancy Operative surgery and diagnostic procedures Hysteroscopy Laparascopy Hysterosalpingography Dilatation and currettage Diagnosis of ovulation Drugs of female reproductive system General features of drugs of female reproductive system Estrogen Progesterone For more details, visit www.medpgnotes.com You can send your queries to medpgnotes@gmail.com

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    von 15

    FEMALE

    REPRODUCTIVE
    SYSTEM
    medpgnotes

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    CONTENTS
    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 7
    ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 7
    CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ....................................................................... 9
    GENERAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT .................................................... 9
    SEPTATE UTERUS..................................................................................................................................................... 10
    UTERUS DIDELPHYS ................................................................................................................................................. 10
    BICORUNATE UTERUS ............................................................................................................................................. 10
    VAGINAL ATRESIA ................................................................................................................................................... 10
    GARTNER CYST ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
    MRKH SYNDROME .................................................................................................................................................. 10
    BARTHOLIN CYST ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
    PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 11
    GENERAL FEATURES OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 11
    OVULATORY PHASE ................................................................................................................................................. 12
    LUTEAL PHASE ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
    PROLIFERATIVE PHASE ............................................................................................................................................ 13
    SECRETORY PHASE .................................................................................................................................................. 14
    VAGINAL CYTOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 14
    SEXUALITY AND INTERSEXUALITY ............................................................................................................................... 14
    SEXUALITY IN FEMALES ........................................................................................................................................... 14
    PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY ............................................................................................................................................ 15
    MCCUNE ALBRIGHT SYNDROME ............................................................................................................................. 15
    KALLMAN SYNDROME ............................................................................................................................................. 15
    INTERSEXUALITY ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
    DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION ................................................................................................................................. 16
    GENERAL FEATURES OF DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION ...................................................................................... 16
    AMENORRHEA ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
    CRYPTOMENORRHEA .............................................................................................................................................. 18
    OLIGOMENORRHEA ................................................................................................................................................ 18
    POLYMENORRHEA .................................................................................................................................................. 18
    MENORRHAGIA ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
    GNRH ANALOGUE ................................................................................................................................................... 19

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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    METORRHAGIA........................................................................................................................................................ 19
    METROPATHICA HEMORRHAGICA .......................................................................................................................... 19
    DYSMENORRHEA..................................................................................................................................................... 20
    DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING ..................................................................................................................... 20
    MENOPAUSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
    POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING................................................................................................................................ 21
    HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY .......................................................................................................................... 21
    PCOD AND HIRSUTISM ................................................................................................................................................ 22
    PCOD ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
    HIRSUTISM .............................................................................................................................................................. 23
    DANAZOL................................................................................................................................................................. 24
    ENDOMETRIOSIS AND ADENOMYOSIS ....................................................................................................................... 24
    ENDOMETRIOSIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
    ADENOMYOSIS ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
    INFECTIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ................................................................................................................... 25
    GENERAL FEATURES OF INFECTIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ......................................................................... 25
    PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE ........................................................................................................................... 26
    TRICHOMONAL VAGINITIS ...................................................................................................................................... 26
    CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ........................................................................................... 27
    BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS ............................................................................................................................................ 27
    GONOCOCCAL INFECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 27
    TUBERCULOUS INFECTION OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ........................................................................................ 28
    SYPHILIS................................................................................................................................................................... 28
    CANDIDIAL INFECTION OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT ............................................................................................... 28
    INFERTILITY ................................................................................................................................................................. 29
    GENERAL FEATURES OF INFERTILITY ....................................................................................................................... 29
    MALE INFERTILITY ................................................................................................................................................... 29
    ASHERMAN SYNDROME .......................................................................................................................................... 30
    INVESTIGATIONS FOR INFERTILITY .......................................................................................................................... 30
    MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY .............................................................................................................................. 31
    CLOMIPHENE CITRATE ............................................................................................................................................ 32
    UROGYNAECOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................... 32
    GENERAL FEATURES OF UROGYNAECOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 32
    UTERINE PROLAPSE ................................................................................................................................................. 33
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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA ........................................................................................................................................ 34


    URETEROVAGINAL FISTULA .................................................................................................................................... 35
    URETHROVAGINAL FISTULA .................................................................................................................................... 35
    VESICOUTERINE FISTULA ........................................................................................................................................ 35
    RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA ......................................................................................................................................... 35
    STRESS INCONTINENCE ........................................................................................................................................... 35
    URGE INCONTINENCE ............................................................................................................................................. 36
    RETROVERTED UTERUS ........................................................................................................................................... 36
    VAULT PROLAPSE .................................................................................................................................................... 36
    URETER AND BLADDER INJURY ............................................................................................................................... 37
    BREAST ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37
    ANATOMY OF BREAST ............................................................................................................................................. 37
    LESIONS OF BREAST ................................................................................................................................................ 37
    PAGETS DISEASE OF BREAST .................................................................................................................................. 39
    GYNECOMASTIA ...................................................................................................................................................... 39
    GRADES OF GYNECOMASTIA .................................................................................................................................. 40
    TUMORS OF BREAST ............................................................................................................................................... 40
    CAUSES OF CARCINOMA BREAST ............................................................................................................................ 41
    TYPES OF CARCINOMA BREAST............................................................................................................................... 41
    FEATURES OF CARCINOMA BREAST ........................................................................................................................ 42
    STAGING OF CARCINOMA BREAST .......................................................................................................................... 43
    SCREENING OF CARCINOMA BREAST ...................................................................................................................... 43
    DIAGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA BREAST ...................................................................................................................... 44
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER ....................................................................................................... 44
    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CARCINOMA BREAST .............................................................................................. 45
    PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN CACINOMA BREAST ...................................................................................................... 46
    CERVIX ......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
    ANATOMY OF CERVIX ............................................................................................................................................. 47
    CAUSES OF CERVICAL CANCER ................................................................................................................................ 47
    LESIONS OF CERVIX ................................................................................................................................................. 47
    FEATURES OF CERVICAL CANCER ............................................................................................................................ 48
    STAGING OF CERVICAL CANCER .............................................................................................................................. 48
    SCREENING OF CERVICAL CANCER .......................................................................................................................... 49
    DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL CANCER .......................................................................................................................... 49
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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER .................................................................................................................... 50


    PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF CERVICAL CANCER ....................................................................................................... 51
    ENDOMETRIUM .......................................................................................................................................................... 51
    CAUSES OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA ................................................................................................................ 51
    LESIONS OF ENDOMETRIUM ................................................................................................................................... 52
    FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA ............................................................................................................ 52
    STAGING OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA .............................................................................................................. 53
    DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA........................................................................................................... 53
    MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA .................................................................................................... 54
    FIBROID ....................................................................................................................................................................... 54
    GENERAL FEATURES OF UTERINE TUMORS ............................................................................................................ 54
    CAUSES OF FIBROID ................................................................................................................................................ 54
    CLINICAL FEATURES OF FIBROID ............................................................................................................................. 55
    COMPLICATION OF FIBROID IN PREGNANCY .......................................................................................................... 55
    DIAGNOSIS OF FIBROID ........................................................................................................................................... 56
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF FIBROID .................................................................................................................... 56
    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FIBROID ................................................................................................................... 56
    UTERINE SARCOMA ................................................................................................................................................. 56
    OVARIAN MALIGNANCY .............................................................................................................................................. 57
    ANATOMY OF OVARY .............................................................................................................................................. 57
    GENERAL FEATURES OF OVARIAN MALIGNANCY ................................................................................................... 57
    CAUSES OF OVARIAN MALIGNANCY ....................................................................................................................... 58
    OVARIAN CYST ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
    GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR ...................................................................................................................................... 59
    DERMOID CYST/ MATURE TERATOMA ................................................................................................................... 59
    DYSGERMINOMA .................................................................................................................................................... 60
    ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR ................................................................................................................................. 60
    BRENNER TUMOR ................................................................................................................................................... 60
    CHORIOCARCINOMA ............................................................................................................................................... 60
    KRUKENBERG TUMOR ............................................................................................................................................. 61
    FIBROMA AND MEIG SYNDROME ........................................................................................................................... 61
    CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA ........................................................................................................................................ 61
    HILUS CELL TUMOR ................................................................................................................................................. 61
    STAGING OF OVARIAN CANCER .............................................................................................................................. 61
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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN TUMOR ........................................................................................................................... 62


    TREATMENT OF OVARIAN TUMOR ......................................................................................................................... 62
    VAGINAL AND VULVAL MALIGNANCY ......................................................................................................................... 62
    OPERATIVE SURGERY AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES .............................................................................................. 63
    HYSTEROSCOPY ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
    LAPARASCOPY ......................................................................................................................................................... 63
    HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................... 64
    DILATATION AND CURRETTAGE .............................................................................................................................. 64
    DIAGNOSIS OF OVULATION .................................................................................................................................... 64
    DRUGS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 64
    GENERAL FEATURES OF DRUGS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ................................................................... 64
    ESTROGEN ............................................................................................................................................................... 64
    PROGESTERONE ...................................................................................................................................................... 65

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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    KEY TO THIS DOCUMENT


    Text in normal font Must read point.
    Asked in any previous medical entrance
    examinations
    Text in bold font Point from Harrisons
    text book of internal medicine 18th
    edition
    Text in italic font Can be read if
    you are thorough with above two.

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    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    Vestibule of vagina develops form
    Labia majora develops from
    Urethra originates from
    Lower end of vagina develops from
    Fallopian tube develops from
    Cervix develops from
    Uterus develop form
    Paramesonephric duct forms
    Paramesonephric duct derivatives
    Paraovarian cyst develops from
    Para ovarian cyst is a derivative of
    Gartner duct is a remnant of
    Cephalic remnant of mesonephric duct
    Cranial end of Wolfian duct forms
    Paraoophoron
    Mesonephric duct related to lateral wall of vagina
    Gartner cyst seen in
    Epoophoron is also known as
    Remnant of mesonephric duct
    Clitoris develop from
    Origin of ovary from
    Transverse vaginal septum correspond to
    Vaginal epithelium develops from
    Lower part of vagina develops from
    Shotgun Perineum

    Urogenital sinus
    Genital swelling
    Urogenital sinus
    Urogenital Sinus
    Mullerian duct
    Mullerian duct
    Mullerian duct
    Uterus
    Appendix of testis, Hydatid of morgagni, Uterus
    Wolfian duct
    Wolfian duct
    Wolfian duct
    Epoophoron
    Epophoron
    Caudal end
    Gartners cyst
    Vagina
    Organ of Rosenmuller
    Gartners duct
    Genital tubercle
    Genital ridge
    External os
    Endoderm of urogenital sinus
    Urogenital sinus
    Congenital condition in females

    ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    Length of female urethra
    External os in multiparous women
    External os in nulliparous woman
    Normal urethrovesical angle in female
    Normal Posterior urethrovesical angle, when bladder is
    empty
    Goniometer used for
    Vagina

    Vagina is lined by
    Peritoneum is present in
    Main source of physiological secretion found in vagina
    Vaginal mucosa maintained by
    Vagina in newborn lined by
    Mucous secreting glands are absent in
    Mucus secreting glands are absent in
    pH of vagina

    4 cm
    Transverse
    Circular
    100*
    100*
    Urethrovesical angle
    No mucus secreting gland, Supplied by uterine artery,
    Lined by stratified squamous epithelium, Posterior wall
    in covered by peritoneum
    Stratified squamous epithelium
    Posterior wall of vagina
    Cervix
    Low pH, Doderlein bacilli, Glycogen
    Transitional
    Vagina
    Vagina
    4.5 5.5

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    ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    pH of vagina is lowest during
    Protective bacterium in vagina
    Function of lactobacilli
    Supports of vagina
    Levels of vaginal support
    Level III support
    NOT a support of vagina
    Vaginal sphincter is formed by
    Vaginal sphincter is NOT formed by
    Feature of Vagina
    Lateral vaginal fornix related to
    Ureter is related to fornix of vagina
    Related to lateral vaginal fornix
    Related to lateral wall of vagina and uterus
    Through posterior fornix of vagina one can palpate
    Azygous artery is formed by
    Pavlik triangle
    Lymphatic drainage of vulva
    Clitoris is drained by
    Bartholins duct near mouth is lined by
    Bartholin gland correspond to
    Epithelial lining of bartholin duct
    Bartholins duct open into
    Length of cervical canal
    Normal cervical index
    pH of cervix
    Normal pH of cervix
    Uterine cervix ratio up to 10 years
    Cervix to body ratio in Prepubertal girl
    Epithelial lining of cervical canal
    Nabothian follicles
    Cervical opening in nulliparous
    Lymphatic drainage of Cervix & Upper Vagina
    Weight of nulliparous uterus
    Volume of uterus
    Size of uterus in inches
    Angle of Anteflexion of uterus
    Isthmus

    Secondary support of uterus


    Structure in broad ligament all along its
    course
    NOT a strong support to uterus
    NOT a support of uterus
    Content of broad ligament
    NOT a content of broad ligament

    Pregnancy
    Lactobacillus
    Maintains acidic environment
    Perineal body, Pelvic diaphragm, Levator ani
    Level I Mackendrot, level II obturator,
    level III perineal body
    Perineal body
    Infundibulopelvic ligament
    External urethral sphincter, Pubovaginalis,
    Bulbospongiosus
    Internal urethral sphincter
    Posterior fornix longer than anterior
    Ureter, Mackendrots ligament, Uterine artery
    2 cm above and lateral
    Ureter, Uterine artery, Mackendrot ligament
    Ureter
    Rectum
    Vaginal artery
    On anterior vaginal wall, corresponds to
    trigone of bladder
    Inguinal lymph nodes
    Glands of cloquet, Deep inguinal nodes
    Squamous epithelium
    Cowper gland
    Columnar
    Groove between Labia minora and hymen
    2.5 cm
    0.32 (1+funnel length/endocervical length)
    7.8
    8
    1:2
    1:1
    High columnar
    Erosion of cervix
    Circular
    Parametrial nodes
    50-80 g (60g)
    3 ml
    3*2*1
    120*
    Forms lower uterine segment, Mucosa similar to
    endometrium, Present between cervical mucosa and
    endometrial mucosa
    Broad ligament
    Round ligament
    Round ligament (only weak support)
    Broad ligament
    Ovary
    Ovarian ligament, Round ligament, Fallopian tube

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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    NOT a content of broad ligament


    Long axis of uterus usually lies approximately in axis of
    Least vascular part of uterus
    Uterine artery is a branch of
    Uterine artery anastomoses with
    Venous drainage of upper part of uterus and placenta
    Lymphatic drainage of uterus
    Fallopian tube
    Length of fallopian tube (oviduct)
    Narrowest part of fallopian tube
    Fallopian tube is lined by
    Tubes are lined by
    Peg cells
    Parts of fallopian tube from ovary to uterus
    Part of fallopian tube functions as anatomical sphincter
    Longest part of fallopian tube
    On table identification of fallopian tube
    Primary peritonitis is common in females because
    rd

    1/3 of length of tube is formed by


    Liquid silicone is injected into
    Size of ovum
    Size of Graafian follicle
    NOT a covering of Graafian follicle

    Hypogastric nerve
    Superior pelvic aperture
    Middle
    Internal iliac artery
    Ovarian artery
    Ovarian vein
    Internal iliac nodes
    Ovary is attached to uterus by ovarian ligament, Uterine
    rd
    artery supplies medial 2/3 , Ampulla is the longest part
    10 -12 cm
    Interstitial portion
    Ciliated columnar epithelium
    Ciliated epithelium
    Fallopian tube
    Infundibulum ampulla isthumus interstitium
    Interstitium
    Ampulla
    Fimbriae
    Ostia of fallopian tube communicate with abdominal
    cavity
    Isthmus
    fallopian tube
    0.133 mm
    6 mm
    Germinal cells

    CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE


    SYSTEM
    GENERAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FEMALE GENITAL
    TRACT
    Commonest congenial anomaly of uterus
    Commonest reason for adherent labia minora in a
    newborn
    Lesion in female child born to mother treated with DES
    Diethylstilbestrol cause
    Vaginal adenoma in child hood is due to
    Teratogenecity of diethylstilbestrol
    NOT an adverse effect of diethylstilbestrol
    Hematosalpinx is seen in
    Hematocolpos cause
    Cochleate uterus

    Septate uterus
    Agglutination of labia
    Vaginal adenosis, Hepatic adenoma
    Perifibrical cyst, T shaped uterus, Vaginal adenosis
    Hormonal changes, Viral infection, Administration of
    DES to pregnant woman
    Clear cell carcinoma, Malformation of vagina and
    uterus, Vaginal adenosis
    Microglandular hyperplasia
    Hematocolpos, Torsion of hydrosalpinx, Tubal
    pregnancy
    Retention of urine, Primary amenorrhea
    Acute anteflexion

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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    Condition does NOT present with both mullerian and


    Wolfian duct structures
    Lipschutz ulcer is seen in
    NOT an uterine anomaly

    FSH receptor mutation


    Vagina
    Hematocolpos

    SEPTATE UTERUS
    Recurrent breech presentation is due to
    Strassman operation
    Diagnosis of septate uterus by

    Septate uterus
    Unification of septate uterus
    USG

    UTERUS DIDELPHYS
    Complete failure of mullerian duct fusion will result in
    Extreme degree of failure of mullerian fusion
    Procedure of choice to diagnose uterus didelphis

    Uterus didephys
    Uterus didelphis
    Hysterosalpingography

    BICORUNATE UTERUS
    Bicornuate uterus is due to
    Unicollis bicronis means
    Most important indication of surgical repair of
    bicorunate uterus

    Incomplete fusion of paramesonephric duct


    Two uterine cavity with one cervix
    Habitual abortion

    VAGINAL ATRESIA
    Vaginal atresia associated with
    Ideal age for repair of vaginal atresia

    Uterine atresia
    Before marriage

    GARTNER CYST
    Girl presents with cystic swelling at the junction of
    lower one third and upper two third of anterior wall of
    vagina at 10O clock position
    Gartner cyst can be differentiated from cystocele by
    NOT a derivative of paramesonephric duct

    Gartners cyst

    Non reducible, No impulse of coughing


    Gartner cyst

    MRKH SYNDROME
    Primary amenorrhea, normal ovaries, absent internal
    genitalia, but normal external genitalia
    Primary amenorrhea, Bilateral inguinal hernia, Normal
    sexual development but NO pubic hair, USG shows

    MRKH syndrome
    Mullerian agenesis

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    10

    PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    absent uterus and vagina
    Characteristic feature of Rokitanski Kuster Hauser
    syndrome
    Rokitansky Kuster syndrome is associated with
    Ovaries function normally in
    NOT a feature of MRKH syndrome
    NOT a feature of mullerian agenesis
    A female with primary amenorrhea and absent vagina,
    next investigation
    16 year female, primary amenorrhea, short blind
    vagina, absent uterus. Next investigation

    Absent uterus, absent vagina,46 XX


    Vaginal atresia
    MRKH syndrome
    Anovulation
    Ovarian agenesis
    Laparoscopy
    Karyotyping

    BARTHOLIN CYST
    Bartholin cyst caused by
    Swelling characteristically seen in junction of anterior
    rd
    rd
    2/3 and posterior 1/3 of inner side of labius major
    Elderly woman with recurrent swelling and pain
    Best treatment for woman presenting with fluctuant
    non tender swelling at introitus
    Bartholins abscess is
    Ca Bartholins gland is best treated by

    Gonococcus
    Bartholins cyst
    Bartholins cyst
    Marsupialisation
    Bilateral, treated by antibiotics, caused by Gonococci
    Radical vulvectomy

    PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    GENERAL FEATURES OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
    Primordial follicles completely developed within
    Syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast differentiate
    on
    Granulosa cells produce estrogen with the help of
    Aromatase converts
    Enzyme associated with conversion of androgen to
    estrogen in growing ovarian follicle
    Post menopausal estrogen production is due to
    Gonadotrophin is a
    True about menopausal hormonal change
    Before onset of puberty, GnRH neurons are under
    inhibitory control of
    Major inhibitory substance in CNS
    In postmenopausal women, increased level of
    Sample for FSH and LH best taken on
    FSH receptors present in
    Ovarian reserve best indicated by
    Sample for FSH LH taken on
    Theca cells of ovary produce
    Ovary secrete

    8 weeks
    8 days
    Aromatase
    Testosterone to Estrogen
    Aromatase
    Peripheral aromatization of androstenedione
    Glycoprotein
    Gonadotrophin and estrogen decrease
    GABA
    GABA
    FSH
    1-4 days
    Granulose cells
    FSH
    th
    8 10 day of menstrual cycle
    Both estrogen and progesterone
    Oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone

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    11

    PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    Naturally occurring estrogens
    Products of cervical mucus is stimulated by
    Ferning of cervical mucus depends on
    High prolactin is associated with
    Aromatic ring
    Ferning of cervical mucus disappears after
    Post ovulation cervical mucus
    Effect of progesterone on lipids
    Withdrawal bleeding occurs when progestins
    administered continuously
    Progesterone is produced by
    Source of progesterone during normal menstrual cycle
    Mid cycle shift in basal body temperature after
    ovulation in women. Caused by
    Hormone responsible for lactation
    Inhibin
    Probable source of relaxin
    Follistatin
    Sertoli cells have receptors for
    Sertoli cells are important for
    Androgen binding protein secreted by
    Mullerian inhibitory substance is secreted by
    Mullerian Regression factor is produced by
    Cart wheel appearance of Nucleus
    NOT true about sertoli cells
    Sertoli cells DOES NOT secrete
    In those mammals which are seasonal breeder, females
    are receptive only once in a year
    NOT seen in humans
    NOT related with menstrual cycle

    Estrone, Estradiol, Estriol


    Estradiol
    Estrogen
    Elevated estradiol
    Estradiol
    st
    21 day of menstrual cycle
    Thick
    Lowers HDL and increases LDL
    Estrogen concentration is sufficient
    Granulose luteal cells
    Corpus luteum
    Progesterone
    Prolactin
    Inhibits FSH secretion, Secreted by graafian follicle,
    Increased secretion of inhibin in PCOD
    Ovary
    Binds activin and thus decrease FSH
    secretion
    FSH
    Mitotic and meiotic activity
    Sertoli cells
    Sertoli cell
    Sertoli cells
    Sertoli cells
    Stimulate LH
    Testosterone
    Estrous cycle
    Estrous cycle
    Estrous cycle

    OVULATORY PHASE
    NOT true for reasons of right ovary ovulating more
    Ovulatory phase
    Ovulation occurs
    Ovarian cycle is initiated by
    Ovulation occurs as a result of
    Ovulation associated with sudden rise in
    In early ovarian cycle, estrogen
    In late ovarian cycle, estrogen
    Feedback mechanism depends on
    Earliest histological feature of ovulation
    LH is required for
    Positive feedback for inducing LH associated with
    Increased LH levels in ovarian cycle due to

    Right handedness is more common in population


    Stimulation of continuation of reduction division of
    oocytes
    After follicular stimulation
    FSH
    Mid cycle LH surge
    LH
    Inhibits gonadotrophin release
    Stimulates gonadotrophin release
    Concentration of estrogen
    Basal vacuolation
    Follicular growth
    High estrogen and low progesterone
    Increased estrogen

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    12

    PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


    LH surge due to
    LH peak prior to ovulation
    Duration of LH surge
    Time interval between LH surge and ovulation
    LH surge precedes ovulation by
    Ovulation period corresponds to
    In 25 day menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs at
    Ovulation in 38 day cycle
    In 40 days menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs at
    Fall of temperature at ovulation is by
    Positive indicators of Ovulation
    Hormonal picture for ovulation to occur
    Earliest morphological evidence of ovulation on
    endometrial biopsy
    Whether the cycle is ovulatory or non ovulatory is
    studied by
    The next ovulatory cycle after
    implantation is postponed because of

    Positive feedback
    8-10 hours
    24 hours
    24 36 hours
    36 hours
    14 days before menstruation
    th
    11 day
    th
    24 day
    th
    26 day (luteal phase fixed last 14 days)
    0.5 degree celsius
    Follicle size 10 mm, Corpus luteum, Double rise in basal
    temperature
    High estrogen, Low progesterone
    Basal vacuolation
    Progesterone
    Production of HCG by trophoblast cells

    LUTEAL PHASE
    Follicular phase is based on
    Luteal phase is based on
    When there is NO fertilization of ovum, endometrial
    cells die because
    Increased Estrogen & Increase Progesterone is seen in
    Corpus luteum secrete
    Corpus luteum activity is maintained by
    Corpus luteum of menstruation presents for
    Maximum function of Corpus luteum
    Placenta overtakes function of corpus luteum for
    hormone production at
    Irregular shedding of endometrium due to
    NOT true about corpus luteum
    Luteolysis by

    2 cell 2 gonadotrophin theory


    2 cell 1 gonadotrophin theory
    Involution of corpus luteum causes estradiol and
    progesterone levels to fall dramatically
    Premenstrual Phase
    Both estrogen and progesterone
    LH
    14 days
    th
    9 Post ovulation day
    6 weeks
    Overactivity of corpus luteum function
    Does NOT secrete estrogen
    PGF2 alpha

    PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
    Predominant hormone of Proliferative phase
    Proliferative phase of endometrium

    Progesterone
    Starts and proceeds rapidly for 3-5 days, Glands of
    functional layer are simple tubules with regular
    epithelium, Intense hyperemia

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    13

    SEXUALITY AND INTERSEXUALITY

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    SECRETORY PHASE
    Secretory phase of Endometrium is due to
    Subnuclear vacoulation of endometrium
    nd
    Endometrium of 22 day of Menstrual cycle
    Corkscrew shaped endometrial glands is seen in
    Resurfacing of entire endometrium has
    occurred by

    Progesterone
    Secretory phase
    Secretory
    Late secretory phase
    Last day of menstrual flow

    VAGINAL CYTOLOGY
    Vaginal cytology for hormonal change is best taken
    from
    Maturation index on vaginal cytology is a diagnostic
    method for evaluating
    Cornification or eosinophilic index indicates
    Cornification index is maximum in
    Navicular cells in vaginal cytology
    Maturation index during pregnancy
    Vaginal smear in old lady shows
    Karyopyknotic index is maximum

    Lateral wall
    Endocrine status of cervix
    Estrogenic effect
    Late Proliferative phase
    Progesterone
    0,95,5
    Basal and parabasal cells, Few intermediate cells
    At the time of ovulation

    SEXUALITY AND INTERSEXUALITY


    SEXUALITY IN FEMALES
    Gonadal sex of fetus is determined by
    Sex of an individual is determined by single gene on
    X chromosome inactivation
    Female sex chromatin
    Puberty is brought about by maturation of
    Puberty
    GnRH pulse generation is inhibited by
    Sequence of development of puberty in girls
    First sign of puberty is girls
    Number of years required to complete
    sequence of puberty in female
    Average age of menarche
    Sexual maturity scoring I
    Sexual maturity scoring in girls
    Peak growth velocity in adolescent girl is seen just after
    Growth of axillary hair is due to
    NOT estrogen dependent

    Sex determining region on Y chromosome


    Y chromosome
    X gene, Seen in female
    XX
    Hypothalamic axis
    Pulsatile release of GnRH
    Progesterone
    Thelarche, Pubarche, Menarche
    Thelarche
    4.5 years
    12.5 years
    prepubertal
    Onset of menarche, Breast development, Pubic hair
    development
    Appearance of pubic and axillary hair
    Testosterone
    Hair growth

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    14

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