NETRALIZER

Tugas : Menetralkan NaOH yang keluar dari Reaktor dengan HCl 30 %.

Jenis : Netralizer
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan
Suhu

: 2.5 atm
: 30.00 C

1. NERACA MASSA :
Umpan Masuk :
a. Umpan masuk neutralizer :
C3H6Cl2O =
3.7578 Kgmol/j =
484.7521 Kg/j
NaOH
=
1.0048 Kgmol/j =
40.1930 Kg/j
C3H5ClO =
54.0541 Kgmol/j = 5000.0000 Kg/j
NaCl
=
54.0541 Kgmol/j = 3162.1621 Kg/j
H2O
= 615.6252 Kgmol/j = 11081.2549 Kg/j
______________________________________________
Jumlah

728.4960 Kgmol/j = 19768.3613 Kg/j

b. Umpan HCl :
HCl
=
1.0048 Kgmol/j =
36.6761 Kg/j
H2O
=
4.7543 Kgmol/j =
85.5776 Kg/j
______________________________________________
Jumlah

5.7591 Kgmol/j =

122.2537 Kg/j

c. Umpan C3H5Cl3 :
C3H5Cl3 =
0.3083 Kgmol/j =
45.4799 Kg/j
H2O
=
0.0025 Kgmol/j =
0.0455 Kg/j
______________________________________________
Jumlah

0.3109 Kgmol/j =

45.5254 Kg/j

d. Umpan masuk Recycle :

C3H5ClO =
0.2716 Kgmol/j =
25.1256 Kg/j
C3H5Cl3 =
53.7705 Kgmol/j = 7931.1431 Kg/j
C3H6Cl2O =
0.0005 Kgmol/j =
0.0628 Kg/j
NaCl
=
0.0247 Kgmol/j =
1.4477 Kg/j
______________________________________________
Jumlah

54.0673 Kgmol/j =

7957.7793 Kg/j

Hasil reaksi :
C3H6Cl2O =
3.7583 Kgmol/j =
484.8149 Kg/j
C3H5ClO =
54.3257 Kgmol/j = 5025.1255 Kg/j
NaCl
=
55.0836 Kgmol/j = 3222.3921 Kg/j
C3H5Cl3 =
54.0788 Kgmol/j = 7976.6235 Kg/j
H2O
= 621.3870 Kgmol/j = 11184.9648 Kg/j
______________________________________________
Jumlah

788.6333 Kgmol/j = 27893.9199 Kg/j

2. NERACA PANAS
Diketahui Cp rata-rata untuk masing-masing komponen
sebagai berikut :
cp
cp
cp
cp
cp
cp
cp
cp
cp

C3H6Cl2O
NaOH
C3H5ClO
NaCl
H2O
HCl
H2O
C3H5Cl3
H2O

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

38.2636
30.7435
18.0580
20.8224
18.0580
54.4955
54.4955
54.4955
54.4955

a. Enthalpi umpan

cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol
cal/gmol

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

masuk :

Suhu Umpan
= 65 C
Suhu referensi = 25 C
___________________________________________________

cp dT
H = m cp dT

___________________________________________________
Komponen

C3H6Cl2O
3.758
2846.343
10695.898
NaOH
1.005
829.177
833.177
C3H5ClO
54.054
1292.571
69868.727
NaCl
54.054
811.545
43867.273
H2O
615.625
716.589
441150.500
___________________________________________________
Jumlah

728.496

Enthalpi umpan masuk (H1) =

b. Enthalpi Larutan HCl masuk :
Suhu Umpan
= 30 C
Suhu referensi = 25 C

566415.563
566415.5625 Kcal/j

___________________________________________________

cp dT
H = m cp dT

___________________________________________________
Komponen

HCl
1.005
102.069
102.562
H2O
4.754
89.882
427.325
___________________________________________________
Jumlah

5.759

529.887

Enthalpi umpan masuk (H2) =

529.8871 Kcal/j

c. Enthalpi Umpan segar pelarut :

Suhu Umpan
= 30 C
Suhu referensi = 25 C
___________________________________________________

cp dT
H = m cp dT

___________________________________________________
Komponen

C3H5Cl3
0.308
102.069
31.472
H2O
0.003
89.882
0.227
___________________________________________________
Jumlah

5.759

529.887

Enthalpi umpan masuk (H3) =

31.6991 Kcal/j

d. Enthalpi Umpan Recyle pelarut :

Suhu Umpan
= 65 C
Suhu referensi = 25 C
___________________________________________________

cp dT
H = m cp dT

___________________________________________________
Komponen

C3H5ClO
0.272
829.177
225.228
C3H5Cl3
53.770
2846.343
153049.188
C3H6Cl2O
0.000
1292.571
0.629
NaCl
0.025
811.545
20.083
___________________________________________________
Jumlah

54.067

Enthalpi umpan masuk (H4) =

153295.125
153295.1250 Kcal/j

e. Enthalpi hasil netralisasi :

Suhu hasil
= 79.2 C
Suhu referensi = 25 C
___________________________________________________

cp dT
H = m cp dT

___________________________________________________
Komponen

C3H6Cl2O
3.758
3966.495
14907.100
C3H5ClO
54.326
1762.965
95774.273
NaCl
55.084
1095.941
60368.418
C3H5Cl3
54.079
1095.941
59267.195
H2O
621.387
969.689
602552.188
___________________________________________________
Jumlah

788.633

832869.188

Enthalpi hasil keluar (H5) =

832869.1875 Kcal/j

c. Panas Reaksi :
Dari data Literatur diperoleh :
Panas
Panas
Panas
Panas

Pembentukan
Pembentukan
Pembentukan
Pembentukan

NaOH
H2O
NaCl
HCl

= -101.33 Kcal/gmol
= -330.26 Kcal/gmol
= -57.57 Kcal/gmol
= -175.03 Kcal/gmol

DHr (25 C) = DHf produk - DHf reaktan

= (DHf NaCl + DHf H2O) - (DHf NaOH + DHf HCl)
= ( -57.571 + -330.262) - (-175.031 + -101.333)
= -111.469 KCal/gmol
Panas reaksi pada suhu 60 C = DHr0

T
+
d cp dT
298

dimana :
T
d cp dT
298

T
= -14.6782 dT cal/gmol
298
=

-14.6782 . (

65.00 - 25) cal/gmol

-0.5871 Kcal/gmol

maka :
Panas reaksi pada suhu 60 C = DHr0

T
+
d cp dT
298

= -111.469 + -0.587 KCal/gmol

= -112.056 KCal/gmol
Panas reaksi total = dHRo . NAo
= -112.06 .
1.005 . 1000 Kcal/j
=
-112596.8359 Kcal/j
Jadi :
Panas
Panas
Panas
Panas

Masuk
Masuk
Keluar
Reaksi

(Q1)=
(Q2)=
(Q3)=
(Qr)=

566415.563
529.887
31.699
-112596.84

KCal/j
KCal/j
KCal/j
KCal/j

Neraca Panas disekitar reaktor :

1. Panas dibawa Umpan dari
reaktor pada suhu 65 C
sebesar = 566415.563 Kcal/j

1. Panas dibawa keluar mixer

fase cair pada suhu 79.2 C
sebesar =
832869.188 Kcal/j

2. Panas dibawa Umpan H2SO4

reaktor pada suhu 30 C
sebesar =
529.887 Kcal/j
3. Panas dibawa Umpan C3H5Cl3
reaktor pada suhu 30 C
sebesar =
31.699 Kcal/j
4. Panas dibawa Umpan C3H5Cl3 recycle
reaktor pada suhu 65 C
sebesar = 153295.125 Kcal/j
5. Panas reaksi
=
112596.84 Kcal/j
______________________________
Jumlah

832869.125 Kcal/j

____________________________
jumlah =

832869.188 Kcal/j

3. Menentukan Kecepatan Volume Umpan

Dari data di Perry's Hand Book diperoleh :
Densitas C3H6Cl2O = 1.351 Kg/lt
Densitas NaOH
= 1.5
Kg/lt
Densitas C3H5ClO = 1.119 Kg/lt
Densitas NaCl
= 2.17 Kg/lt
Densitas H2O
= 1
Kg/lt
Densitas C3H5Cl3 = 1.391 Kg/lt
Densitas HCl
= 1.18 Kg/lt
Dari data percobaan patent dapat ditentukan konstanta kecepatan
reaksi untuk kondisi operasi T = 40 C dan tekanan Atmosferis
Volume cairan :
_______________________________________________
Komponen

massa kg

densitas

volume

_______________________________________________
C3H6Cl2O
NaOH
C3H5ClO
NaCl
H2O

484.7521
40.1930
5000.0000
3162.1621
11081.2549

1.3510
1.5000
2.1700
1.1190
1.0000

358.8099
26.7953
2304.1475
2825.8823
11081.2549

HCl
H2O

36.6761
85.5776

1.1800
1.0000

31.0814
85.5776

C3H5Cl3
H2O

45.4799
0.0455

1.3910
1.0000

32.6958
0.0455

C3H5ClO
25.1256
1.1190
22.4536
C3H5Cl3
7931.1431
1.3910
5701.7563
C3H6Cl2O
0.0628
1.3510
0.0465
NaCl
1.4477
2.1700
0.6671
_______________________________________________
22471.2129
4. Perhitungan

Volume dan ukuran reaktor

Anggapan :
- Volume cairan selama reaksi tetap
- Bisa dianggap isothermal karena cairan dalam tangki mixed flow
Waktu tinggal = 0.5 jam
Volume Mixer

= Fv . t
= 22471.213 lt/j . 0.5 j
= 11235.606 lt

Over Design : 20 %
Volume Mixer

= 1.2 . 11235.606 lt
= 13482.729 lt

Dipakai Volume Mixer

= 13.48

m^3

Menghitung ukuran Mixer :

Mixer berbentuk silinder tegak dengan perbandingan
Vt

. D . (h/d) . D
=
4

H : D = 1.5 : 1

0.1694 . D . D

Atau :

diameter

(D )

1/3

Vt

=
Tinggi ( H )

/4 . (h/d) + 0.1694

1/3
13.483

/4 .
1.50 + 0.1694

2.16 m

= 1.5 .

2.16

= 3.23 m
Volume cairan dalam head
Volume cairan dibadan Reaktor
Tinggi cairan dibadan Reaktor

=
=
=

0.848 m^3
9.938 m^3
2.726 m

5. Menghitung tebal shell dan head

Tebal shell :
Tekanan design (p)
Allowable stress
Efisiensi sambungan
Faktor korosi
Jari-jari Reaktor

=
=
=
=
=

22.05 psi
18750 psi
0.85
0.125 in
42.42 in

p . ri
t shell = + c
S . e - 0.6 . p
22 . 42.42
= + 0.125
18750 . 0.85 - 0.6 . 22.0
= 0.184 in
Dipilih tebal shell

3/16 in

Tebal Head :
t head

0.885 . p .d
= + c
2.S . e - 0.2 . p

0.885 . 22 . 84.85
= + 0.125
2 18750 . 0.85 - 0.2 . 22.0
= 0.177 in
Dipilih tebal head

3/16 in

6. Menghitung pengaduk dalam Reaktor

Dipilih : Pengaduk type Marine dengan 3 blade

Jumlah buffle 4 buah

Dari tabel 477. Brown diproleh :
Dt/Di = 3
zi/Di = 0.75 - 1.3
W/Di = 0.1
Diameter Impeler
Tinggi Impeler
Lebar Buffle
diambil :
zi/Di
=
Putaran
=
efisiensi =

=
=
=

71.84 cm
71.84 cm
7.18 cm

1
1.5 rps
80 %

Tinggi baffle diambil sama dengan tinggi cairan

bilangan Reynold dalam Reaktor :
n . di^2 . den
Re =
visc
1.5 . 71.84 .
1.241
=
0.0150
=

640622.4

Dari fig. 477 brown diperoleh

po = 0.83

P . gc
po =
n^3 .den. . Di^5

(pers. 461 Brown)

Atau
P

po . n^3 . den. . Di^5

=
gc
0.83 . 1.50^3 . 77.458 . 2.357^5
=
550 . 32.17
=

0.723 Hp

effisiensi : 80 %
P
0.723
Power = =
eff
0.80
=

0.904 Hp

Digunakan motor dengan daya =

7. Spesifikasi Neutralizer

1.00 Hp

Tugas : Menetralkan NaOH yang keluar dari Reaktor dengan H2SO4 10 %.

Jenis : Reaktor Alir Tangki Berpengaduk

Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan
: 1 atm
Suhu
: 30.00 C
Diperoleh ukuran Reaktor :
Diameter
Tinggi

=
=

2.16 m
3.23 m

Volume cairan dalam head

=
Volume cairan dibadan Reaktor =
Tinggi cairan dibadan Reaktor =

0.848 m^3
9.938 m^3
2.726 m

Dipilih Tebal shell : 3/16 in

Tebal Head : 3/16 in
Dipilih : Pengaduk type Marine dengan 3 blade
Jumlah buffle 4 buah
Diameter Impeler =
Tinggi Impeler
=
Lebar Buffle
=

71.84 cm
71.84 cm
7.18 cm

Digunakan motor dengan daya =

1 Hp

Jenis Bahan Reaktor : Baja Steinless Steel