24 Chapter 2 The Klein-Gordon Field p> 0 branch ? <0 branch Figure 2.2. The Lorentz-invariant 3-momentum integral is over the upper branch of the hyperboloid p? = m2, as being over the p® > 0 branch of the hyperboloid p? = m? in 4-momentum space (see Fig. 2.2) Finally let us consider the interpretation of the state (x) 0). From the expansion (2.25) we see that a 1 Pe-iP x |p) (2.41) (9) 10) = J oas 2E, rosition of single-particle states that have well-defined mo- mentum, Except for the factor 1/2Bp, this is the same as the familiar nonrel- ativistic expression for the eigenstate of position |x); in fact the extra factor ly constant for small (nonrelativistic) p. We will therefore put forward the same interpretation, and claim that the operator (x), acting on the vac- uum, creates a particle at position x. This interpretation is further confirmed when we compute ) @& 1 , covets) ip) = (1 f es ae (Wwe abe **) VIE po, = v =ebx (2.42) We can interpret this as the position-space representation of the single-particle wavefunction of the state |p), just as in nonrelativistic quantum mechanic (x|p) o e'?* is the wavefunction of the state |p)