WorkandKineticEnergyHW

Due:10:00pmonThursday,October27,2016
Tounderstandhowpointsareawarded,readtheGradingPolicyforthisassignment.

Item1
ParticleAhashalfthemassandeighttimesthekineticenergyofparticleB.

PartA
Whatisthespeedratiov A /v B ?
ANSWER:
v A /v B

= 4

Correct

Item2
Amotherhasfourtimesthemassofheryoungson.Botharerunningwiththesamekineticenergy.

PartA
Whatistheratiov s /v m otheroftheirspeeds?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v s /v m

= 2.0

Correct

Item3

PartA
A64gparticleismovingtotheleftat23m/s.Howmuchnetworkmustbedoneontheparticletocauseittomoveto
therightat35m/s?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
W

= 22J

Correct

Item4
A25kgaircompressorisdraggeduparoughinclinefromr 1
axisisvertical.

tor 2

= (1.3 ^
+ 1.3^
) m

,wherethey

= (8.3 ^
+ 2.3^
) m

PartA
Howmuchworkdoesgravitydoonthecompressorduringthisdisplacement?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
W

= 250J

Correct

Item5
LearningGoal:
TopracticeTacticsBox9.1CalculatingtheWorkDonebyaConstantForce.

RecallthattheworkW donebyaconstantforceF atanangle

tothedisplacement d is
W = F d cos .
ThevectormagnitudesF anddarealwayspositive,sothesignofW isdeterminedentirelybytheanglebetweentheforce
andthedisplacement.

TACTICSBOX9.1Calculatingtheworkdonebyaconstantforce

Forceanddisplacement

WorkW

F (r)

Signof
W

Energytransfer

Energyistransferredintothesystem.The
particlespeedsup.K increases.
< 90

90

F (r) cos

Noenergyistransferred.SpeedandK
areconstant.

> 90

F (r) cos

Energyistransferredoutofthesystem.
Theparticleslowsdown.K decreases.

180

F (r)

AboxhasweightofmagnitudeFG =2.00Nacceleratesdownaroughplanethatisinclinedatanangle=30.0 abovethe

horizontal,asshownatleft.Thenormalforceactingontheboxhasa
magnituden=1.732N,thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetween
theboxandtheplaneisk =0.300,andthedisplacementd ofthe
boxis1.80mdowntheinclinedplane.

PartA
WhatistheworkWgrav doneontheboxbygravity?
Expressyouranswersinjoulestotwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Drawafreebodydiagram
Aboxofweightwacceleratesdownaroughplanethatisinclinedatanangle30.0 abovethehorizontal,asshown
below.Drawafreebodydiagramthatidentifiesalltheforcesactingonthebox.
Drawallyourvectorswiththeirtailsattheblackdot.Thelocationandorientationofyourvectorswillbe
graded.Thelengthofyourvectorswillnotbegraded.
ANSWER:

Hint2.Findtheanglebetweenthedisplacementandtheweight

Whatistheanglebetweenthedisplacementd andthegravitationalforceF G
?

Expressyouranswerindegreestotwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
= 60

ANSWER:
Wgrav

= 1.8 J

Correct
Thecomponentoftheweightparalleltothedisplacementislessthan2.00N.Theweighttransfersamoderate
amountofenergytothesystem.

PartB
WhatistheworkWn doneontheboxbythenormalforce?
Expressyouranswersinjoulestotwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Findtheanglebetweenthedisplacementandthenormalforce
Whatistheanglebetweenthedisplacementd andthenormalforcen?

Expressyouranswerindegreestotwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
= 90

ANSWER:
Wn

= 0 J

Correct
Becausethereisnocomponentofthenormalforceinthedirectionofmotion,thenormalforcedoesnoworkonthe
box.

PartC
WhatistheworkWf doneontheboxbytheforceofkineticfriction?
k

Expressyouranswersinjoulestotwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Findtheanglebetweenthedisplacementandtheforceofkineticfriction
Whatistheanglebetweenthedisplacementd andtheforceofkineticfriction,f k ?
Expressyouranswerindegreestotwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
= 180

Hint2.Findtheforceofkineticfriction
Whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceofkineticfriction,f k ?
Expressyouranswerinnewtonstotwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Calculatingtheforceofkineticfriction
Themagnitudeoftheforceofkineticfriction,f k ,istheproductofthecoefficientofkineticfriction,k ,and
themagnitudeofthenormalforcen:
f

ANSWER:
fk

= 0.52 N

ANSWER:

= n
k

Wf

= 0.94 J

Correct
Theforceofkineticfrictionactsinadirectionoppositetothemotion.Thefrictionalforcetransfersamaximumamount
ofenergyoutofthesystem.
Thetotalworkdoneonthebox,0.86J,isthesumoftheworkdoneontheboxbyeachindividualforce:
.
Noticethatthenetworkdoneontheboxispositive,whichindicatesthatenergyisaddedtothebox.Thisenergyis
usedtoincreasethekineticenergyoftheboxasitacceleratesdowntheincline.
Wnet = Wn + Wgrav + Wf

= +0.86J

Item6
Twotugboatspulladisabledsupertanker.Eachtugexertsaconstantforceof1.70106N,oneatanangle13.0 westof
north,andtheotheratanangle13.0 eastofnorth,astheypullthetankeradistance0.620kmtowardthenorth.

PartA
Whatisthetotalworkdonebythetwotugboatsonthesupertanker?
Expressyouranswerinjoules,tothreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Therearetwowaystocalculatethetotalworkdoneonanobjectwhenseveralforcesactonit.Youcancompute
thequantitiesofworkdoneontheobjectbyeachforceandthenaddthemtogether.Alternatively,youcancompute
theworkdoneontheobjectbythenetforceactingonit.Thehintsthatfollowaremeanttohelpyoutocalculatethe
totalworkusingthefirstmethod.

Hint2.Findtheworkdonebyonetugboat
Whatistheworkdoneonthetankerbythetugboatthatexertsaforceinthedirectionwestofnorth?
Expressyouranswerinjoules,tothreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Thedefinitionofwork

TheworkW donebyaconstantforceF actingonanobjectthatundergoesastraightlinedisplacement

d
isgivenbytheformula

W = F d cos

whereistheanglebetweenthedirectionoftheforceandthedirectionofdisplacement.
ANSWER:
1.03109 J

ANSWER:

2.05109 J

Correct

Item7
A100gparticlemovingalongthexaxisexperiencestheforceshownin.Theparticle'svelocityis2.0m/satx=0m.

PartA
Whatisitsvelocityatx=3m?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
v

m
= 25 s

Correct

Item8
Aspringhasanunstretchedlengthof10cm.ItexertsarestoringforceF whenstretchedtoalengthof11cm.

PartA
Forwhatlengthofthespringisitsrestoringforce3F ?
Expressyouanswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:

= 7cm

Correct

PartB
Atwhatcompressedlengthistherestoringforce2F ?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
l

= 8cm

Correct

Item9
Asillustratedinthefigure,aspringwithspringconstantkisstretchedfromx
positionofthespring.

= 0

tox

= 3d

,wherex

= 0

istheequilibrium

PartA
Duringwhichintervalisthelargestamountofenergyrequiredtostretchthespring?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
TheforceexertedonaspringtostretchorcompressitfromequilibriumisgivenbyHooke'slaw:
F onspring = kx

wherexisthedisplacementofthespringfromequilibrium.Noticethatthisforcevariesinmagnitude:asx
increasessodoesthemagnitudeoftheforce.Onagraphofforceasafunctionofposition,thetotalworkdoneby
theforceisrepresentedbytheareaunderthecurvebetweentheinitialandfinalpositions.Plotagraphofforce
versusdisplacementandcomparetheareasunderthecurvefromx = 0tox = d,x = dtox = 2d,andx = 2d
tox = 3d.

ANSWER:
Fromx

= 0

tox

= d

Fromx

= d

Fromx

= 2d

tox

= 2d

tox

= 3d

Theenergyrequiredisthesameinallthreeintervals.

Correct
Agraphoftheforceexertedonthespringversusthedisplacementofthespringisshowninthefigure.

Recallthatonagraphofforceasafunctionofposition,the
workdonebytheforceisrepresentedbytheareaunderthecurve.Theworkdonebythehandinthefirstsegmentto
pullthespringfromx = 0tox = disrepresentedbyasingletriangle.Theareaunderthesecondsegmentfrom
x = dto x = 2disthreetimeslargerthanthefirstsegment,andtheareaunderthethirdsegmentfrom x = 2dto
x = 3disfivetimeslargerthaninthefirstsegment.Somoreenergyisrequiredtopullthespringthroughthethird
segment.

PartB
Aspringisstretchedfromx = 0tox = d,wherex = 0istheequilibriumpositionofthespring.Itisthencompressed
fromx = 0tox = d.Whatcanbesaidabouttheenergyrequiredtostretchorcompressthespring?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Recallthatonagraphofforceasafunctionofposition,theworkdonebytheforceisrepresentedbythearea
"under"thecurve,ormoreaccurately,theareabetweenthecurveandthehorizontalaxis.Plotagraphofforce
versusdisplacementandcomparetheareas"under"thecurvefromx = 0tox = dandx = 0tox = d.
ANSWER:
Moreenergyisrequiredtostretchthespringthantocompressit.
Thesameamountofenergyisrequiredtoeitherstretchorcompressthespring.
Lessenergyisrequiredtostretchthespringthantocompressit.

Correct
Theworkdonetostretchorcompressaspringfromequilibriumisgivenby
1
2
Wonspring =
kx ,
2
wherexisthedistanceawayfromequilibriumthatthespringmoves.Sincexissquaredintheequationforwork,
stretching(x > 0)orcompressing(x < 0)aspringbythesamedistancerequiresthesamepositiveamountofwork.

PartC
NowconsidertwospringsAandBthatareattachedtoawall.SpringAhasaspringconstantthatisfourtimesthatofthe
springconstantofspringB.Ifthesameamountofenergyisrequiredtostretchbothsprings,whatcanbesaidaboutthe
distanceeachspringisstretched?

Hint1.Howtoapproachthisproblem
Theworkdonetostretchorcompressaspringisgivenby
Wonspring =

1
2

kx

wherexisthedistanceawayfromequilibriumthatthespringisdisplaced.
Usethisexpressiontorelatetheinformationprovidedabouttheworkdoneoneachspringandthespringconstants
tothedistanceeachspringstretches.

Hint2.Useproportionalreasoningtofindarelationshipbetweenthesprings
Fromtheproblemstatementyouknowthat
WA = WB

where
W =

1
2

kx

and
kA = 4kB
2

Usethisinformationtofindanexpressionfor

(x A )

(x B )

ANSWER:
2

(x A )

(x B )

ANSWER:

= 0.25

SpringAmuststretch4timesasfarasspringB
SpringAmuststretch2timesasfarasspringB.
SpringAmuststretchthesamedistanceasspringB.
SpringAmuststretchhalfthedistancespringBstretches.
SpringAmuststretchonequarterofthedistancespringBstretches.

Correct
Theenergyrequiredtostretchaspringisproportionaltokandtox2 .IfkA isfourtimeskB ,xA mustbehalfthatof
xB ,sotheenergyrequiredisthesameforbothsprings.

PartD
Twoidenticalspringsareattachedtotwodifferentmasses,MA andMB ,whereMA isgreaterthanMB .Themasseslie
onafrictionlesssurface.Bothspringsarecompressedthesamedistance,d,asshowninthefigure.Whichofthe
followingstatementsdescibestheenergyrequiredtocompressspringAandspringB?

ANSWER:
SpringArequiresmoreenergythanspringB.
SpringArequiresthesameamountofenergyasspringB.
SpringArequireslessenergythanspringB.
Notenoughinformationisprovidedtoanswerthequestion.

Correct
Goodjobyouhaverealizedanimportantfact.Theworkdoneonaspringtocompressitadistancedisgivenby
1
2

kd

.Theamountofmassattachedtothespringdoesnotaffecttheworkrequiredtostretchorcompressthe

spring.

Item10
kg

A9.0cmlongspringisattachedtotheceiling.Whena1.7kgmassishungfromit,thespringstretchestoalengthof15cm.

PartA
Whatisthespringconstantk?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
= 280 N
m

Correct

PartB
Howlongisthespringwhena3.0kgmassissuspendedfromit?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
y

= 20cm

Correct

Item11
A8.6kgmasshangingfromaspringscaleisslowlyloweredontoaverticalspring,asshowninthefigure.

PartA
Whatdoesthespringscalereadjustbeforethemasstouchesthelowerspring?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.

ANSWER:
F

= 84N

Correct

PartB
Thescalereads26Nwhenthelowerspringhasbeencompressedby2.3cm.Whatisthevalueofthespringconstant
forthelowerspring?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
= 2500 N
m

Correct

PartC
Atwhatcompressionlengthwillthescalereadzero?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
y

= 3.3cm

Correct

Item12
An7.9kgcrateispulled5.5mupa30 inclinebyaropeangled16 abovetheincline.Thetensionintheropeis140Nand
thecrate'scoefficientofkineticfrictionontheinclineis0.25.

PartA
Howmuchworkisdonebytension,bygravity,andbythenormalforce?
Expressyouranswersusingtwosignificantfigures.Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
WT

,Wg ,Wn = 740,210,0 J

Correct

PartB
Whatistheincreaseinthermalenergyofthecrateandincline?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
Eth

= 39 J

Correct

Item13
A50kgsprinter,startingfromrest,runs50min7.0satconstantacceleration.

PartA
Whatisthemagnitudeofthehorizontalforceactingonthesprinter?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Fx

= 100N

Correct

PartB
Whatisthesprinter'spoweroutputat2.0s,4.0s,and6.0s?
Expressyouranswersusingtwosignificantfiguresseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
= 0.42,0.83,1.2 kW

P (2.0), P (4.0), P (6.0)

Correct

Item14
A1600kgelevatoracceleratesupwardat1.20m/s2 for14.0m,startingfromrest.

PartA
Howmuchworkdoesgravitydoontheelevator?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:

Wg

= 2.20105J

Correct

PartB
Howmuchworkdoesthetensionintheelevatorcabledoontheelevator?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
WT

= 2.46105J

Correct

PartC
Whatistheelevator'skineticenergyaftertraveling14.0m?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Kf

= 2.69104J

Correct

Item15
Apiledriverliftsa250kgweightandthenletsitfallontotheendofasteelpipethatneedstobedrivenintotheground.Afall
of1.5mdrivesthepipein35cm.

PartA
Whatistheaverageforceexertedonthepipe?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
F

= 11kN

Correct

Item16

Hook'slawdescribesanidealspring.Manyrealspringsarebetterdescribedbytherestoringforce
3
3
(F Sp ) = ks q(s) ,where qisaconstant.Consideraspringwith k=300 N/mand q=800 N/m .
s

PartA
Howmuchworkmustyoudotocompressthisspring15cm?Notethat,byNewton'sthirdlaw,theworkyoudoonthe
springisthenegativeoftheworkdonebythespring.
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
W

= 3.5J

Correct

PartB
Bywhatpercenthasthecubictermincreasedtheworkoverwhatwouldbeneededtocompressanidealspring?
ANSWER:
W

= 3.0 %

Correct

Item17
Ahorizontalspringwithspringconstant210N/miscompressedby20cmandthenusedtolauncha200gboxacrossthe
floor.Thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweentheboxandtheflooris0.23.

PartA
Whatisthebox'slaunchspeed?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
vf

= 6.4 m
s

Correct

Item18
APorsche944Turbohasaratedenginepowerof217hp.30%ofthepowerislostinthedrivetrain,and70%reachesthe
wheels.Thetotalmassofthecaranddriveris1530kg,andtwothirdsoftheweightisoverthedrivewheels.

PartA
WhatisthemaximumaccelerationofthePorscheonaconcretesurfacewheres

= 1.00

Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.

Hint1.Hint
Whatforcepushesthecarforward?
ANSWER:
amax

= 6.53

m
2

Correct

PartB
IfthePorscheacceleratesatamax ,whatisitsspeedwhenitreachesmaximumpoweroutput?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
v

= 11.3

m
s

Correct

PartC
HowlongdoesittakethePorschetoreachthemaximumpoweroutput?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
t

= 1.74s

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis101%.
Youreceived74.37outofapossibletotalof74points.