Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
R = 600
Z0 = 300
L = 0.02 mH
Solution:
(a)
ZL = R + j L
= 600 + j2 5 106 2 105 = (600 + j628) .
ZL Z 0
ZL + Z0
600 + j628 300
=
600 + j628 + 300
300 + j628
= 0.63e j29.6 .
=
900 + j628
(b)
S=
(c)
1 + || 1 + 0.63
=
= 1.67.
4.4
1 || 1 0.63
r
for r > 0.
4
29.6 60
,
=
180
4
= 2.46 m
lmax =
3 108
=
=
60
m
5 106
(d) The locations of current maxima correspond to voltage minima and vice versa.
Hence, the location of current maximum nearest the load is the same as location of
voltage minimum nearest the load. Thus
lmin = lmax + ,
lmax < = 15 m
4
4
= 2.46 + 15 = 17.46 m.
Problem 2.30 Show that at the position where the magnitude of the voltage on the
line is a maximum, the input impedance is purely real.
Solution: From Eq. (2.70), dmax = (r + 2n )/2 , so from Eq. (2.61), using polar
representation for ,
!
1 + ||e jr e j2 lmax
Zin (dmax ) = Z0
1 ||e jr e j2 lmax
!
1 + ||
1 + ||e jr e j(r +2n )
,
= Z0
= Z0
1 ||
1 ||e jr e j(r +2n )
which is real, provided Z0 is real.
0.2
0.3
75
(Antenna)
Zin1
Zin2
Zin
0.2
75
(Antenna)
(b)
ZL =
(c)
(35.20 j8.62)2
Zin1 Zin2
=
= (17.60 j4.31) .
Zin1 + Zin2
2(35.20 j8.62)
l = 0.3
ZL'
Zin
= (107.57 j56.7) .
Problem 2.50 Use the Smith chart to determine the input impedance Zin of the
two-line configuration shown in Fig. P2.50.
l1 = 3/8
C
B
Zin
Z01 = 100
l2 = 5/8
A
Z02 = 50
ZL = (75 j50)
Solution:
0.625
1.0
1.4
0.1
1.6
0.3
3
0.1
1.8
0.6
60
0.5
50
0.4
0.2
40
0.3
3.0
0.6
1
0.2
9
0.2
30
4.0
1.0
0.28
1.0
5.0
0.2
20
0.
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
COEFFICIENT IN
0.27
REFLECTION
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG
0.6
10
0.1
0.4
20
0.2
10
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
1.0
50
0.3
50
50
0.
0.3
0.8
SWR Circle
0.2
20
0.4
0.1
10
0.6
Br
A
8
-20
0.
1.0
5.0
0.47
1.0
4.0
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.0
1.8
0.2
1.6
-60
1.4
-70
0.15
0.35
1.2
0.14
-80
0.36
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.7
0.308
0.6
8
0.1
0
-5
0.3
0.5
31
0.
0.1
0.4
1
-110
0.0
9
0.4
2
0.0
CA
1
P
8
A
2
0
CIT
I
V
0.4
ER
EA
3
CT
0.0
AN
7
CE
-1
30
CO
M
PO
N
EN
T
(-j
06
0.4
0.
0.3
19
0.
44
0.2
0.2
-4
0.
0.28
0.2
1
-30
0.3
-90
0.12
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.11
-100
0.433
0.22
0.2
0.
0.22
6
4
.4
<
0
-1
0.4
4
6
0.0
IND
)
o
UCT
0.0
/Y
5
15
0
(-jB
I
5
5
V
0
E
1
0.4
ER
C
0.4
EA
AN
5
CT
5
PT
0.0
AN
CE
0.1
CE
US
ES
C
V
OM
I
14
40
0
CT
PO
-1
DU
N
EN
IN
R
T
O
(+
),
jX
o
Z
/Z
0.2
X/
0.3
2.0
0.2
20
0.
06
0.
44
0.3
31
0.
R
,O
o)
12
0.1
70
19
0.
3
0.4
0
13
0.35
80
Yo)
jB/
E (+
NC
TA
EP
SC
U
S
VE
TI
CI
PA
CA
0.4
0.15
0.36
90
0.7
0.0
0.0
110
0.14
0.37
0.38
1.2
0.4
0.8
0.4
9
0.0
0.39
100
0.9
0.1
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.4
0.39
Smith Chart 1
Starting at point A, namely at the load, we normalize ZL with respect to Z02 :
zL =
75 j50
ZL
=
= 1.5 j1.
Z02
50
From point A on the Smith chart, we move on the SWR circle a distance of 5 /8 to
point Br , which is just to the right of point B (see figure). At Br , the normalized input
impedance of line 2 is:
zin2 = 0.48 j0.36
1.2
1.0
1.4
0.7
0.1
1.6
0.3
3
0.1
1.8
0.6
60
0.3
0.5
2.0
0.2
50
0.4
0.3
3.0
0.6
0.2
9
4.0
0.28
1.0
5.0
0.2
20
0.
0.25
0.2
6
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
COEFFICIENT IN
0.27
REFLECTION
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG
0.6
10
0.1
0.4
20
0.2
10
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
1.0
50
0.3
50
0.2
20
0.4
0.1
10
Bl
0.6
-20
0.
1.0
5.0
0.47
1.0
4.0
0.8
3.0
0.6
2.0
0.5
1.8
0.2
1.6
-60
1.4
-70
1.2
0.15
0.14
-80
0.35
0.36
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.4
1
-110
0.0
9
0
.4
2
CAP
-12 0.08
AC
0
ITI
V
0.4
E
RE
3
AC
0.0
TA
7
NC
-1
E
30
C
OM
PO
N
EN
T
(-j
06
0.4
31
0.
-5
0.
0.3
19
0.
44
0.2
-4
0.
0.28
0.2
1
-30
0.2
0.3
0.
0.22
0.2
0.470
0.22
1.0
50
0.
0.3
30
0.8
0.2
0.2
40
SWR Circle
20
06
0.
31
44
0.3
0.
0.
0.1
70
19
R
,O
o)
0.375
0.35
80
0.
3
0.4
0
13
0.15
0.36
90
Yo)
0
0
jB/
12
E (+
NC
TA
EP
C
S
SU
VE
TI
CI
PA
CA
.42
7
0.0
110
0.14
0.37
0.38
0.9
0.4
0.8
0.0
8
0.0
0.39
100
0.4
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.345
-90
0.12
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.11
-100
0.4
0.39
Smith Chart 2
To move along line 1, we need to normalize with respect to Z01 . We shall call this zL1 :
zL1 =
Zin2 24 j18
=
= 0.24 j0.18
Z01
100
After drawing the SWR circle through point B , we move 3 /8 towards the generator,
ending up at point C on Smith chart 2. The normalized input impedance of line 1 is:
zin = 0.66 j1.25
which upon unnormalizing becomes:
Zin = (66 j125) .
1.0
0.9
0.35
0.1
70
0.3
1.4
0.1
1.6
)
2
/Yo
0
0.4
12
(+jB
CE
AN
PT
CE
S
SU
VE
TI
CI
PA
CA
60
0.1
0.4
0.106
0.2
40
0.3
3.0
0.6
0.2
9
4.0
0.28
1.0
5.0
0.2
20
0.
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
COEFFICIENT IN
0.27
REFLECTION
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG
0.6
Z-LOAD
10
0.1
0.4
20
0.2
10
5.0
SWR
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
50
Z-IN
50
0.2
20
0.4
0.1
10
0.6
-20
0.
1.0
0.47
5.0
1.0
4.0
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.0
1.8
0.2
1.6
-60
1.4
-70
0.15
0.35
1.2
0.1
0.3
0.14
-80
0.36
0.9
1.0
0.1
3
0.8
0.350
0.3
0.7
0.6
8
0.1
0
-5
0.3
0.5
31
0.
0.1
0.4
1
-110
0.0
9
0.4
2
CAP
-12 0.08
A
0
C
ITI
VE
0.4
RE
3
AC
0.0
TA
7
NC
-1
EC
30
O
M
PO
N
EN
T
(-j
06
0.4
19
0.
0.
0.3
-4
44
0.2
0.
0.2
0.2
-30
0.3
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.
0.22
1.0
50
0.
0.3
30
0.8
0.2
31
0.
R
,O
o)
50
19
0.
13
0.3
0.5
0.2
20
2.0
.43
0.3
1.8
0.6
7
0.0
0.
06
0.15
0.7
0.0
0.
44
80
1.2
110
0.36
90
0.8
.41
0.14
0.37
0.38
0.39
100
0.4
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.0
-90
0.12
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.11
-100
0.4
0.39
(50 + j25)
= 1 + j0.5
50
is at point Z-LOAD.
(a) = 0.24e j76.0 The angle of the reflection coefficient is read of that scale at
the point r .
(b) At the point SW R: S = 1.64.
(c) Zin is 0.350 from the load, which is at 0.144 on the wavelengths to generator
scale. So point Z-IN is at 0.144 + 0.350 = 0.494 on the WTG scale. At point
Z-IN:
Zin = zin Z0 = (0.61 j0.022) 50 = (30.5 j1.09) .
(e) Traveling from the point Z-LOAD in the direction of the generator (clockwise),
the SWR circle crosses the xL = 0 line first at the point SWR. To travel from
Z-LOAD to SWR one must travel 0.250 0.144 = 0.106 . (Readings are on the
wavelengths to generator scale.) So the shortest line length would be 0.106 .
(f) The voltage max occurs at point SWR. From the previous part, this occurs at
z = 0.106 .
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
3
0.1
1.8
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
40
0.3
3.0
0.6
0.2
9
0.
0.3
30
0.8
0.2
4.0
1.0
0.28
1.0
5.0
0.2
20
0.
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
COEFFICIENT IN
0.27
REFLECTION
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG
Y-LOAD-IN-1
0.6
10
0.1
0.4
Y-LOAD
20
0.2
10
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Y-SHT
50
0.3
50
0.2
20
Z-LOAD
0.4
0.1
10
0.6
-20
0.
1.0
0.47
5.0
1.0
4.0
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.0
1.8
0.2
1.6
-60
1.4
-70
0.15
0.35
1.2
0.173
0.14
-80
0.36
0.9
0.1
0.3
1.0
0.8
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.6
8
0.1
0
-5
2
Y-STUB-IN-1
0.3
0.5
31
0.
0.1
0.4
1
-110
0.0
9
0
.4
2
CAP
-12 0.08
AC
0
I
T
IVE
0.4
RE
3
AC
0.0
TA
7
NC
-1
EC
30
O
M
PO
N
EN
T
(-j
06
0.4
19
0.
0.
0.3
-4
44
0.2
0.
0.2
0.2
-30
0.3
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.
0.22
0.3
50
50
0.
06
0.1
60
31
0.
0.
44
19
0.
R
,O
o)
0.3
20
13
12
0.1
70
2.0
0.35
80
0.5
.43
0.15
0.36
90
Yo)
jB/
E (+
NC
TA
EP
SC
SU
E
V
TI
CI
PA
CA
0.4
110
0.14
0.37
0.38
0.7
0.0
.07
0.8
0.4
0.39
100
0.4
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
9
0.0
0.9
0.104
-90
0.12
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.11
-100
0.4
0.39
For the first solution in Fig. P2.68(a), point Y -LOAD-IN-1 represents the point
at which g = 1 on the SWR circle of the load. Y -LOAD-IN-1 is at 0.145 on the
WTG scale, so the stub should be located at 0.145 0.041 = 0.104 from the
load (or some multiple of a half wavelength further). At Y -LOAD-IN-1, b = 0.52,
so a stub with an input admittance of ystub = 0 j0.52 is required. This point is
Y -STUB-IN-1 and is at 0.423 on the WTG scale. The short circuit admittance
is denoted by point Y -SHT, located at 0.250 . Therefore, the short stub must be
0.423 0.250 = 0.173 long (or some multiple of a half wavelength longer).
1.0
0.9
1.2
1.6
3
0.1
1.8
0.6
0.5
50
0.4
0.314
0.2
40
0.3
3.0
0.6
0.2
9
4.0
0.28
1.0
5.0
0.2
20
0.
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
COEFFICIENT IN
0.27
REFLECTION
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG
0.6
10
0.1
0.4
Y-LOAD
20
0.2
10
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Y-SHT
50
0.3
50
0.2
20
Z-LOAD
0.4
0.1
10
Y-LOAD-IN-2
0.6
8
-20
0.
1.0
0.47
5.0
1.0
4.0
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.0
1.8
0.2
1.6
-60
1.4
-70
0.15
0.35
1.2
0.14
-80
0.36
0.9
0.1
0.3
1.0
06
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.4
1
-110
0.0
9
0.4
2
0.0
CAP
-1
8
A
2
0
C
ITI
VE
0.4
RE
3
AC
0.0
TA
7
NC
-1
EC
30
O
M
PO
N
EN
T
(-j
0.5
31
0.
-5
0.
0.4
0.
1
-90
0.12
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.11
-100
0.39
0.4
0.327
0.3
-4
44
0.2
0.
0.2
0.2
-30
0.3
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.
0.22
1.0
50
0.
0.3
30
0.8
0.2
0.3
2.0
Y-STUB-IN-2
0.3
20
06
0.
0.1
60
0.2
31
44
0.
0.
0.3
19
R
,O
o)
0.1
70
0.
3
0.4
0
13
0.35
80
)
/Yo
0
0
12
(+jB
CE
AN
PT
CE
S
SU
VE
TI
CI
PA
CA
.42
0.15
0.36
90
1.4
0.0
0.0
110
0.14
0.37
0.38
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.0
1
0.4
0.39
100
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
A
ZL = 25
Z=?
Solution:
0.250
1.0
1.2
1.6
7
0.1
1.8
0.6
2.0
0.5
0.2
40
0.3
3.0
0.6
0.8
0.2
30
SWR Circle
0.2
4.0
0.28
1.0
5.0
0.2
20
0.
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.23
COEFFICIENT IN
0.27
REFLECTION
DEGR
LE OF
EES
ANG
0.6
10
0.1
0.4
20
0.2
50
20
10
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
50
0.3
50
1.8
0.
0.3
1.0
0.2
20
0.4
0.1
10
0.6
-20
0.
1.0
0.47
5.0
1.0
4.0
0.8
0.6
3.0
2.0
1.8
0.2
1.6
-60
1.4
-70
0.15
0.35
1.2
0.3
0.14
-80
0.36
0.9
0.1
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.4
1
-110
0.0
9
0.4
2
0.0
CAP
-1
8
A
2
0
C
ITI
VE
0.4
RE
3
AC
0.0
TA
7
NC
-1
EC
30
O
M
PO
N
EN
T
(-j
0.5
31
0.
-5
-90
0.12
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.11
-100
0.39
0.4
06
0.4
0.
1
0.
0.3
-4
44
0.2
0.
0.2
0.2
1
-30
0.3
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.
0.22
0.3
50
0.4
1.6
06
0.
44
0.1
0.3
60
0.2
31
0.
0.
0.500
0.3
19
R
,O
o)
0.1
70
0.
3
0.4
0
13
0.35
80
)
/Yo
0
0
12
(+jB
CE
AN
PT
CE
S
SU
VE
TI
CI
PA
CA
.42
0.15
0.36
90
1.4
0.0
0.0
110
0.14
0.37
0.38
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.0
1
0.4
0.39
100
0.9
0.1
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.750
25
= 0.33
75
The Smith chart shows A and the SWR circle. The goal is to have an equivalent
impedance of 75 to the left of B. That equivalent impedance is the parallel
combination of Zin at B (to the right of the shunt impedance Z) and the shunt
element Z. Since we need for this to be purely real, its best to choose l such that
Zin is purely real, thereby choosing Z to be simply a resistor. Adding two resistors in
parallel generates a sum smaller in magnitude than either one of them. So we need
for Zin to be larger than Z0 , not smaller. On the Smith chart, that point is B, at a
distance l = /4 from the load. At that point:
zin = 3,
which corresponds to
yin = 0.33.
Hence, we need y, the normalized admittance corresponding to the shunt
impedance Z, to have a value that satisfies:
yin + y = 1
y = 1 yin = 1 0.33 = 0.66
1
1
z= =
= 1.5
y 0.66
Z = 75 1.5 = 112.5 .
In summary,
,
4
Z = 112.5 .
l=