Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cambodian Broadcasting Network Inc.
6/12/2010
This workshop will attempt to do the
following
following
1. Philosophical Overview of Television
2. What is television?
3. Maslow's law of human need (Motivation
Maslow s law of human need (Motivation
4. Communication
5. Photography skill (Video Camera & Still)
6. Writing skills for television
g
7. Producing for television
6/12/2010
Philosophical questions
Philosophical questions
Reasoning for being
Write down 3 things that you hope achieve or want
from the television programme “My Cambodian TV”
This is the internal selves
Write down three things that you hope/wishes that the
programme will achieve. This is the external selves
will achieve This is the external selves
What is Television?
It is made up of an electronic signal
It physical form is usually a box “The idiot box”
It does not allow a two way/interactive communication
but it communicates.
It allow the viewers to be in another world
I ll h i b i h ld
the world of television consists of a 4 x 3 dimension or
as it is now a 16 x 9 dying mention
What does it do to us?
How does it makes us feel?
Why we cannot go on a day without watching it?
Why is this need so strong?
Human society
We are always creating tools to make our life better.
But alongside this drive to create tools –human always
makes time to tell each other story.
k i ll h h
The first form of television is the telling of story by the
campfire back in the stone ages in the cave
campfire back in the stone ages, in the cave.
Human has the urged to tell a story
Why do we need to tell a story? Reason are
The life we currently live is hard we need to escape
Thus storytelling, where the hero and heroine are
exalted is a common human need across all cultural
backgrounds.
g
TV is the same, our hero, the heroine, parent, teachers
and friends are there. Only they are there in real time, as
we watch the action happening in front of us.
h h i h i i f f
Human has the urge, the need, the desire to share a story
and escape to another world.
What is a story? what does it consist of? That is
h k h k good
what makes a story? Better yet what make a d
and compelling story?
Many things make up a story.
Information
Education
Entertainment
Love
Emotion
Feeling so on and so on
The real world and the virtual
The real world and the virtual
world makes up of just stories
From what we have discussed so far. Human has the urge to
tell the story. Many stories such as sex, self‐images, failure,
success etc.
If television is a world that we humans escaped to then that
world will have a society, and that society will has its own
rules and structure, just like the real world this virtual
society would have a government and the people and all its
structures.
If this is the case then this virtual world can be affected by
us, by what we do to it, and if it has its own cultures,
traditions and languages. Than this television culture can
be studied and analyze just like real human society.
be studied and analyze just like real human society
Post modern feminism theory USA
So spam me, we can use television as a liberation tools
for both society and woman. Let us use television to
emancipate the mind of the masses.
emancipate the mind of the masses
Thus TV program becomes enlarge and it has become
what it is today.
what it is today
What has remained constant throughout the
development of human’s history?
Human still tells each other’s story
Human still entertain each other via story
We’re still creating hero and heroine by our story
telling techniques and we still need another world to
escape to It seem life is still hard on us as individual
escape to. It seem life is still hard on us as individual,
this has not change, thus this may be one of the
important reason why we still need to tell each other
p y
story.
Conclusion for Part 1
So here is the secret, what we see on TV is just story; the story of A C
Milan beating Manchester United, but this story is told in real time,
this is happening in front of us. Both the narrator and the listener do
p y
not know the outcomes. While in the past the story teller already y
knows the ending.
The story of a house burning down, a war taking place in another part
of the world, is also told in a delayed or real‐time manner.
The story of the peace negotiation taking place somewhere or the
outbreak of famine in Africa.
They are all stories be it narrated, written, or visually presented.
Thus those among us who can tell a story better get ahead. Those of us
g y g
who can analyse a story better can say this is not true and so they are
not conned into any action that they do not want to do.
Thus the letter BA,MBA, Ph.D. is just us telling others pay attention I
got this letter in front of my name, which meant that I can tell a really
good story or at least a credible one.
View Story telling
5 minutes from the Vietnam, Chinese television
programme.
Talk about what is happening
T lk b h i h i
View the Have Gun Have Problem, or the Water and
Sanitation programme.
Sanitation programme
Talk about the story and analyze it, for the plot, the
filmic structure.
Part II
Part II
Understanding Communication
Maslow’s Law of human need
Self
lf
actualizati
on
Self Esteems
Social Needs
Loves and
Recognition
from others
Safety Needs
S f f
Safe from war, security,
i
instabilities
Physical Needs
Food, Shelters, clothing
6/12/2010
Simple and effective motivation
Simple and effective motivation
techniques
Listen to what our audience wants carefully
When feeling down listen to the three wise rules from three different
continents
1‐The bumble bee
2‐Fortune telling during the Wu dynasty
3‐The human migration
A‐Tell yourselves jokes
6/12/2010
2.Communication
What is communication?
An effective ways of transferring ideas and emotions
f
from one person to another
t th
If the person you speak with does not understand what
y
you are saying that is not communicating.
y g g
6/12/2010
Barrier to Communication
Interference
Poor communication
Emotional States
Language Used
H ili
Hostility
Information Overload
Past Experiences
My TV Audiences
My Cambodian TV Cambodian
And C31
Status of the Sender and Wider
Poor Communication Skills
Defensiveness
Communities
Hidden Agenda
Group Attitudes
p
Physical Environment
6/12/2010
Effective Communication
Interference removed
Clear message
Use simple language
Use more than one form
of communication
f i i
Be credible (you)
Us Audiences
My Cambodia TV Programme
and Cambodian
C31 Look at you audiences A d id
And wider
Make it interesting communities
Know your listeners
Have lots of Audio/Visual materials
Speak clearly/slowly if need be
p y y
Listen to question clearly
6/12/2010
INFORMATION FLOWS
Current information flow
6/12/2010
Conclusion for part II
We communicate Stories and ideas to each others,
thus our message (the story) needs to be concise,
consumable by our audiences.
consumable by our audiences
The best way to do this is to write with the construct
which is accepted by a highly informed and
knowledgeable audience. That is the My Cambodian
TV audience are an intelligent group of people, thus
we need to present our ideas and story in a factual
manner.
Camera Training
Framing (1/3 rules)
Getting the right subject in the shot
Setting up the interview
i h i i
Getting clear and right sound
6/12/2010
The 1/3 Rules
Something must dominate
The horizon space can not be shared equally
The Vertical space can not be shared equally
Do not point the camera into a back lit subject
p j
Get the microphone close to the subjects and keep quiet
Use the tripod to do every interview
GOOD
GOOD
G
6/12/2010
Personal Space
People need personal space
In Television or Video frame this is done by leaving some
space in front of the person in shot…demonstrate with
i f t f th i h t d t t ith
video recording,
Writing for television
Asking the right questions
Research and verify information
The inverted pyramid of news writing
Creating new angle for old subject matter
You must love to express and write and is accomplish through practices
6/12/2010
Simple Questions for news writing
Who?
What?
Where?
Wh ?
When?
Why?
How?
6/12/2010
Research Skill
Library
Newspaper
Doctors/Nurse at local clinic
Go ernment Ministr
Government Ministry
Internet
Research paper by other NGO
Books on health issues
Other NGO working in similar program
6/12/2010
Three Rules of Researcher
Read lots of materials and book
Read and follow rule number one
Read and follow rule number one and two carefully
6/12/2010
The Inverted Pyramid
Put the most important issue here, in the first Paragraph
80% of the The first five line should have all the juice of the article.
people will read
l ill d What will take place, pipe construction etc. Area of town interrupted etc
only the first
line
Put secondary information here
Such as name of construction 205 of the people
company. Details of equipment,
D il f i feels that they are
type of pipeline laid Not the target of
your message
Name of
contact
person for
more
details,
place of
meeting
20% of the
people
will read
the whole
copy
6/12/2010
Creating New angle for old issues
First you should revisited the issues
Brief the people about the old issues
Present the new angles (Re‐hash)
Present the new angles (Re hash)
Look at the issues from another perspective
If first time is from the water supplier, use the view of the user this
time etc..
6/12/2010
Simple Layout
Use as many pictures as possible
If a diagram can be used instead of texts, used
diagram
Always put picture on top of letters
Use column
When people do not need to move their head sideway
they tend to think that the writing is shorter. People
d lik
do not like to scan letters they will scan pictures and
l h ill i d
photograph but not letters
6/12/2010
You Must love to express your opinion
and write it; to share it
People give value to opinion once it is written down
People love opinion or suggestion if allow to be
criticized
ii i d
Do not be afraid to write
6/12/2010
More Shot Composition Part III
The Invisible Technique
The Guiding concept was the need to persuade the audience that they were watching
continuous action in real time. This required the mechanism of filmmaking to be hidden
from the audience, that is to be invincible. The technique places the emphasis on the
content of the shot rather than production techniques in order to achieve a seamless flow
of image directing the viewer’s attention to the narrative.
g g
The Aim of invincible technique is to convince the audience that they are watching a
continuous event in real time. This mean we have to do the following
1 shops are structured to allow the audience to understand the space, time and logic of the
action.
2 each shot follows the line of action to maintain consistent screen direction so that the
geography of the action is completely intelligible, that this camera positions on a football match.
3 Unobtrusive camera movement and shop change direct the audience to be content of the
production rather than the mechanics of film/television production.
4 invisible techniques creates the illusion that distinct, separate shops, possibly recorded out of
q , p y
sequence and at different times, form part of a continuous event witnessed by the audience
This is achieved I
Unobstrusive intercutting
Camera movement and motivated by action or dialogue
Camera movement synchronise with action
Continuity of performance/lighting/atmosphere and action.
y p g g p
The alternative technique
There are alternative conventions of presentation which intentionally
draw attention to the means of production. The production methods
and camera movements are emphasised in order to simulate the
realism of the unrehearse shot to remind the audience that they are
watching a piece of fiction. For example the Transformers movies.
Composition
Good visual communications is achieved by good composition. Here is a partial
checklist of the do’s and don’t’s of composition
The camera converts three dimensions into two dimensions Try to compensate for
the loss of the third dimension by looking for ways to represent depth in the
composition.
Avoid dividing the frame into separate area by strong vertical and horizontal
elements unless this is a specific required effect.
Checkyour brawl in which particularly background details e.g. no chimney post
growing out of four ground subjects head.
emphasise the most important element in the frame by its position by controlling of
background/lens angle, hieght/focus/shot size/movement/etc.
g g , g
The eyes are the centre of attention in shops faces. A good rule of thumb is to place
the one third from the top of frame.
Composition and the lenses
The composition of the shot is affected by the distance of the camera from the subjects
on the lens angle that its use.
Perspective of mass
Put simply the close of an object is to an observer of, the larger it will appear and vice versa. The
Put simply the close of an object is to an observer of the larger it will appear and vice versa The
image of an object doubled in size whenever its distance is half. This is a simple fight from
geometric optic and it applies to a camera is in custody eyes
Camera movement
Movement of a camera need to have a motivation. In simple terms, a camera will is
usually prompt by either.
To add visual interest
To express excitement, increased tension all curiosity
p , y
To provide a new means subject of interests
To provide a change of viewpoint.
A camera move is therefore a visual development that provides new information or create
atmosphere or mood. If the opening and closing frames of a move, such as a zoom, are the only
images that are considered important, then it is probably better to use a cut to change shot
rather than a camera move.
The five rules of framing shots
Look at your hand? How many fingers and thumb do they have? Why are they all
different sizes? Why are they not the same?
Shot number one, is to establish the story. This shots is usually wide. This is called and
establishing shots.
Shot number two is to establish the subject of the story This shots is usually a close up of
Shot number two, is to establish the subject of the story. This shots is usually a close up of
a person a medium close‐up off a person or off a particular location.
Shot number three is to establish a closer relationship victory in the audience and the
subject. This shot is either a close up of a person or of a particular theme and also can be
an extreme close‐up.
Shop number four is a reverse shot, or it can be called a point of view shots. This point of
view is usually from the subject matter.
Shot number five is a closing shop. This shot is to tell the audience that we are moving
from its current location or from this current point of view to a different point of view.
This shot can be a wide shot, a close up of a non active or non alive object. Or it can be a
This shot can be a wide shot, a close up of a non‐active or non‐alive object. Or it can be a
wide shot of an area. We will demonstrate all of this shots in an exercise.
To recap a story can be told using five shots. This five shots we will use our forefingers
and farm to remind us. To memorise the shot here we go, shot number one is a wide shot,
shot number two is a medium shot, shot number three is a close‐up, shot number four is
a point of view shots and shot number five is a wide shot
a point of view shots, and shot number five is a wide shot.
More training at a later date
There are more training that needs to be done. They
consist of, the lenses using the f‐stop, the lighting using the
three point lighting system,
three point lighting system
We will quickly run through an interview set up. I will give
you a list off interview techniques before turning up to the
interview.
The piece to camera, probably the most frequent location
shots can use the magazine and other topical program is
shots can use, the magazine and other topical program is
this the journalists/presenter speaking straight to become.
It is usually stage so that the Keynote image of the items is
i h b k
in the background to the shot.
d h h
Checklist of questions before going
Checklist of questions before going
on location
What is the purpose of the shots?
Is this shot facts or feeling?Will the image attempt to be factual and objective and allow the viewer is
to draw their own conclusions or is it the intention to persuade or create an atmosphere by careful
selection?
In what contacts will do shot the scene: what precedes‐what follows?
What will be the most important visual elements in the shots?
Why has this specific lanterns angle and camera position been chosen:
To emphasise the principal subjects?
To provide variations in shot sizes?
To give added prominence to the selected subjects?
g p j
To provide more information about the subject?
To provide for change of angle/size of shot to allow an unobtrusive intercutting.
To allow variety of shots and shot emphasis?
To create good shot composition?
To favour the appearance of the performer?
pp p
To alter the internal space in the shops by changing camera distance and camera lens angles.
To alter size relationships in shots?
To improve the eyeline?
To comply with the lighting rig or natural light?
Another training is needed for the
Another training is needed for the
understanding of Editing.
This is what expected from all of you.
There will be no more panning of the camera.
There will be no more zooming of the camera.
There will be no more tilting of the camera.
All of the above can be done if it makes the shot
becomes more interesting.