Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Page 1
USMLE E-BOOK
This is
USMLE Step 2 topics listed in tables for easy review. These PEARLS will appear on your boards exams!
Diseases
Addisons Disease
Addisonian Anemia
Albrights Syndrome
Alports Syndrome
Alzheimers
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Barretts
Bartters Syndrome
Beckers Muscular Dystrophy
Bells Palsy
Bergers Disease
Bernard-Soulier Disease
Berry Aneurysm
Bowens Disease
Brill-Zinsser Disease
Briquets Syndrome
Brocas Aphasia
Brown-Sequard
Brutons Disease
Budd-Chiari
Buergers Disease
Burkitts Lymphoma
Caisson Disease
Chagas Disease
Chediak-Higashi Disease
Conns Syndrome
Coris Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Crohns
1.
2.
Pernicious anemia
3.
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, caf au lait spots, short stature, young girls
4.
5.
Progressive dementia
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
IF
risk of adenocarcinoma)-
Vit B12
megaloblastic anemia)
12. Hyperreninemia
13. Similar to Duchenne, but less severe
14. CNVII palsy
(entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
(contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN / ipsi loss of consc. Proprio)
painful ischemia
Glycogen)
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps,
Clinically: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd structures
46. Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
45.
Curlings Ulcer
Cushings
gangrene
Cushings Ulcer
de Quervains Thyroiditis
DiGeorges Syndrome
Downs Syndrome
Dresslers Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Edwards Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos
Eisenmengers Complex
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
Ewing Sarcoma
Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat
Fanconis Syndrome
Feltys Syndrome
Gardners Syndrome
Gauchers Disease
Gilberts Syndrome
Glanzmanns Thrombasthenia
Goodpastures
Graves Disease
Guillain-Barre
Hamman-Rich Syndrome
Hand-Schuller-Christian
Hashimotos Thyroiditis
Hashitoxicosis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Hirschprungs Disease
Horners Syndrome
Huntingtons (Chromosome 4)
Jacksonian Seizures
Jobs Syndrome
Kaposi Sarcoma
Kartageners Syndrome
Kawasaki Disease
Klinefelters Syndrome
Kluver-Bucy
Krukenberg Tumor
Laennecs Cirrhosis
Lesch-Nyhan
Letterer-Siwe
Libman-Sacks
Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid
Thymic hypoplasia
T-cell deficiency
Hypoparathyroidism ! Tetany
Trisomy 21 or translocation Simian Crease
autoimmune
Waiters Tip
65. Malignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone in boys <15yoa - t11;22
66. Carcinoma in situ on glans penis
67. Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2p to lead poisoning or Tetracycline
(glycosuria,
85. Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2p to a Pancoast tumor)
86. AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen (striatum) & frontal cortex
GABA
94. Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to
95. the ovaries
96. Alcoholic cirrhosis
97. HGPRT deficiency
98. Gout, retardation, self-mutilation
99. Acute disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis
100. Endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets
101. Associated with SLE
Page 3
Lou Gehrigs
Mallory-Weis Syndrome
Marfans
McArdles Disease
Meckels Diverticulum
Meigs Syndrome
Menetriers Disease
Monckebergs Arteriosclerosis
Munchausen Syndrome
Nelsons Syndrome
Niemann-Pick
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
Pagets Disease
Pancoast Tumor
Parkinsons
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (AD)
Peyronies Disease
Picks Disease 2 Different
Diseases Plummers Syndrome
Plummer-Vinson
Pompes Disease
Potts Disease
Potters Complex
Raynauds
Reiters Syndrome
Reyes Syndrome
Riedels Thyroiditis
Rotor Syndrome
Sezary Syndrome
Shavers Disease
Sheehans Syndrome
Shy-Drager
Simmonds Disease
Sipples Syndrome
Sjogrens Syndrome
Spitz Nevus
Stein-Leventhal
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Stills Disease
Takayasus arteritis
Tay-Sachs (AR)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tourettes Syndrome
Turcots Syndrome
Turners Syndrome
Glycogen)
106. Rule of 2s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
107. Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gastric/pancreatic remnant of vitteline duct/yolk stalk
108. Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax associated w/ fibroma of ovaries
109. Giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
110. Calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)
111. Factitious disorder
pain)
Horners Syndrome
SCCA of esophagus
cardiomegaly (
Glycogen)
oligohydramnios
lung fibrosis
139. Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemorrhage & shock usually occurred during delivery
140. Parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
141. Pituitary cachexia can occur from either pituitary tumors or Sheehans
142. MEN type IIa = pheochromocytoma, thyroid medullary CA, hyperparathyroidism
143. Triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
LH secretion
152. 1.VSD, 2.overriding aorta, 3.pulmonary artery stenosis, 4.right ventricular hypertrophy
153. Involuntary actions, both motor and vocal
Txt w/ Pimozide
Vincents Infection
Von Gierkes Disease
Von Hippel-Lindau
Von Recklinghausens
Von Recklinghausens Disease of Bone
impaired comprehension
(confusion, ataxia,
ophthalmoplegia)
(or intestine)
acid
recurrent ulcers
Hallmark Findings
Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation
Antiplatelet Antibodies
Arachnodactyly
Aschoff Bodies
Auer Rods
Autosplenectomy
Babinski
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs
Bence Jones Protein
Birbeck Granules
Blue Bloater
192. Guillain-Barre
(markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
Boot-Shaped Heart
Bouchards Nodes
Boutonnieres Deformity
Brown Tumor
Brushfield Spots
Call-Exner Bodies
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy
Chancre
Chancroid
Charcot Triad
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
Chocolate Cysts
Chvosteks Sign
Clue Cells
Codmans Triangle
Cold Agglutinins
Condyloma Lata
Cotton Wool Spots
Councilman Bodies
Crescents In Bowmans Capsule
Currant-Jelly Sputum
Curschmanns Spirals
236. Parkinsons
Donovan Bodies
Eburnation
Ectopia Lentis
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Fatty Liver
Ferruginous Bodies
Ghon Focus / Complex
Glitter Cells
Gowers Maneuver
Heberdens Nodes
Heinz Bodies
Heterophil Antibodies
Hirano Bodies
Hypersegmented PMNs
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Joint Mice
Kaussmaul Breathing
Keratin Pearls
Keyser-Fleischer Ring
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
Koilocytes
Koplik Spots
Lewy Bodies
Lines of Zahn
Lisch Nodules
(EBV)
249. Alzheimers
250. Megaloblastic anemia
251. Iron-deficiency anemia or
Syphilis
Thalassemia
253. Osteoarthritis
(fractured osteophytes)
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
Mallory Bodies
McBurneys Sign
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
Myxedema
Negri Bodies
Neuritic Plaques
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Non-pitting Edema
Notching of Ribs
Nutmeg Liver
Owls Eye Cells
Painless Jaundice
Pannus
Pautriers Microabscesses
Philadelphia Chromosome
Pick Bodies
2 types of COPD
Podagra
Port-Wine Stain
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
Psammoma Bodies
Pseudohypertrophy
Punched-Out Bone Lesions
Rash on Palms & Soles
Red Morning Urine
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Reid Index Increased
Reinke Crystals
Rouleaux Formation
S3 Heart Sound
S4 Heart Sound
Schwartzman Reaction
Smith Antigen
lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli
270. Rabies
271. Alzheimers
272. Alzheimers
273. Myxedema
274. Anthrax Toxin
275. Coarctation of Aorta
276. CHF = causing congested liver
277. CMV
278. Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma)
279. Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever
280. Pancreatic CA (head)
281. Rheumatoid arthritis, also see morning stiffnes that
Panacinar -
1-antitrypsin
deficiency
289. Hemangioma
290. Tearing of the ACL
291. Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
292. Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
293. Meningioma
294. Mesothelioma
295. Seen w/ Duchenne muscular dystrophy @ the claf muscles, due to
fat
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
in
Thalassemia w/ no
Page 7
Tendinous Xanthomas
Thyroidization of Kidney
Tophi
Tram-Track Glomeruli
Trousseaus Sign
Virchows Node
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
WBC Casts
Whipples Triad
Wire Loop Glomeruli
AFP in amniotic fluid or mothers
serum
Uric Acid
FEV1/FVC
Ground Glass on chest x-ray
(Hyaline)
328. Measles
329. Pyelonephritis
330. CNS disfunction Hypoglycemic episodes glu injection reverses CNS Sympts
331. Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)
332. Spina Bifida
333. Anencephaly
334. Gout
335. Lesch Nyhan
336. Myeloproliferative Disorders
337. Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
338. COPD
339. Due to Pneumocystis carinii
340. Seen w/ Atelectasia
341. Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)
342. Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)
343. Goodpastures syndrome
344. Aspergillosis
345. Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia = IgM = Hyperviscosity
346. Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies
347. Cells that replace the ovaries, due to Krukenbergs tumor that has metastasized from the
stomach
348. Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes
349. Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)
350. Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls
351. Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur
352. Seizures; Mental retardation; Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules):
angiofibromas
353. Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in oligodendroglia, (Type B in infection with poliovirus)
354. Neuromyelitis Optica
355. A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia
356. Breast Cancer association
357. A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema
358. Flicking of the middle fingers nail
359. Intention tremors of the arm
360. Unconscious proprioception of lower extremities
361. Unconscious prorpioception & fine motor movements
362. Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements of upper extremities
363. Conscious proprioception of the body
364. Pain & Temperature sensation
365. Light touch perception
366. Taste & Smell
367. Muscles of the eye & of the tongue
368. Vision; Hearing; Equilibrium
369. Sensation of tongue; soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation
370. Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation
371. Gland innervation = secretions
Page 8
GSA
SVE
LMN Lesion
Sensory Pathway Lesion
Both UMN & LMN Lesion
Both Sensory & Motor Lesion
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Ventromedial Nucleus
Lateral Nucleus
Arcuate Nucleus
Mamillary Body
Acanthocytes
372. Viscera
373. Pain & temperature of face
374. Sensation of external ear
375. Innervation of muscles of masticaiton, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx
376. Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy)
377. Poliomyelitis
378. Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrichs Ataxia = B12 deficiency
379. Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis)
380. ALS = Lou Gherigs Disease
381. Brown Sequard
382. Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion
383. Controls circadian rhythm
384. Satiety center. Savage behavior & obesity when lesioned
385. Induces eating. Starvation when lesioned
386. Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)
387. Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernickes Encephalopathy
388. RBSc w/ spiny projections. Seen in Abetalipoproteinemia.
Most Common
1o Tumor arising from bone in
adults
Adrenal Medullary Tumor
Adults
Adrenal Medullary Tumor
Children
Agent of severe viral
encephalitis
Aggressive lung tumor
Associated with gallstones
Bacterial Meningitis adults
Bacterial Meningitis elderly
Bacterial Meningitis
newborns
Bacterial Meningitis
toddlers
Benign epithelial tumor of
oral mucosa
Benign fallopian tube tumor
Benign ovarian tumor
Benign tumor of soft tissue
Benign tumor of the breast
<25yoa
Benign tumor of the liver
Benign tumor of the vulva
Benign uterine tumor
Bone Tumors
Brain Tumor Child
Brain Tumor Adult
Breast Carcinoma
Breast Mass
Bug in Acute Endocarditis
Bug in debilitated,
hospitalized pneumonia pt
389. Osteosarcoma
390. Pheochromocytoma: 5 Ps:
391. Neuroblastoma
392. Herpes simplex
393. Small cell or oat cell
394. Adenocarinoma
& in young adults =
/ Group BStrep.
398. Hib
399. Papilloma
400. Adenomatoid
401. Mature(Native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid
402. Lipoma
403. Fibroadenoma
404. Hemangioma
405. Hidroadenoma
406. Leiomyoma: estrogen sinsitive: changes size during pregnancy & menopause
407. Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
408. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
409. Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
410. Invasive Duct Carcinoma
411. Fibrocystic Change: premenopausic women (Carcinoma is the most common in post-menopausal women)
Page 9
Bug in Epiglottitis
Bug in GI Tract
Bug in IV drug user
bacteremia / pneumonia
Bug in PID
Bug in Subacute Endocarditis
CA of urinary collecting
system
Cardiac 1ry Tumor Adults
Cardiac 1ry Tumor Child
Cardiac Tumor Adults
Cardiomyopathy
Cause of 2ry HTN
Cause of Addisons
Cause of breast lumps
Cause of chronic
endometriosis
Cause of Congenital Adrenal
Hyperplasia
Cause of Cushings
Cause of Death in Alzheimer
pts
Cause of Death in Diabetics
Cause of Death in premature
Cause of Death in SLE pts.
Cause of Dementia
Cause of Dementia (2nd most
common)
Cause of Dwarfism
Cause of Food poisoning
Cause of Hematosalpynga
Cause of Hypoparathyroidism
Cause of Hypothyroidism
Cause of Kidney infections
Cause of Liver disease in US
Cause of Malignancy in
children
Cause of Mental retardation
Cause of Mental retardation
(2nd most common)
Cause of NaCl loss and
Hypotension
Cause of PID
Cause of Portal cirrhosis
Cause of Preventable
Blindness
Cause of Pulmonary HTN
Cause of Secondary
Hypertension
Cause of SIADH
Cause of UT Obstruction in
men
414. Hib
415. Bacteroides (2nd E. coli)
417. N. Gonnorrhoeae
419. Transitional cell CA (assoc. w/ benzidine; naphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/
cyclophosphamide)
420. Myxoma: Ball Valve
421. Rhabdomyoma associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis
422. Metasteses
423. Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol, BeriBeri, Cocaine use, Coxsackie B, Doxorubicin
424. Systolic Dysfunction
425. Renal Disease
426. Autoimmune (2nd infection)
427. CA of the breast
428. TB
429. 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: NaCl lost & Hypotension (then, 11- NaCl retention & HTN)
430. Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1ry ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
431. Pneumonia
432. MI
433. NRDS = hyaline membrane disease
434. Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease
435. Alzheimers
436. Multi-Infarct Dementia
437. Achondroplasia
439. Ectopic pregnancy
440. Throidectomy
441. Corrective surgery I31 treatment
442. E. coli
443. Alcohol consumption
444. Acute leukemia
445. Downs
446. Fragile X
447. 21 hydroxylase deficiency
448. N. ghonorrhea
449. Alcohol
450. Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C)
451. COPD
452. Renal disease
453. Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
454. BPHyperplasia
Page 10
469. SCCA
470. AdenoCA
471. Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)
472. Leimyoma
473. Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
474. Ulceroglandular
475. Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)
476. Endometrial Carcinoma
477. Endometrial CA
478. Mitral Valve Prolapse
479. Mitral
480. Tricuspid
481. Mitral then Aortic
482. Von Willebrands Disease
483. Prolactin
484. Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated w/ polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, Mitral prolapse
485. APD1 chromosome 16
486. Glioblastoma mulitforme
487. Insulinoma =
cell tumor
488. Hepatoma
489. Alcoholic Liver Disease
490. Head (99%)
491. Above Tentorium
492. Below Tentorium
493. Malignant
494. Secondary
495. Gauchers
496. Lung (2nd breast)
497. Glottic CA (squamous cell)
Page 11
498. Adenocarcinoma
499. Squamous cell CA
500. Retinoblastoma
501. Hepatocellular CA
502. ALS
503. Duchennes: Dystrophin deletion. Presents <5yoa weakness at pelvic girdles w/ upward progression
504. Squamous cell CA
505. Leukemia
506. Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
507. Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon
508. Tubular adenoma
509. Membranous Glomerulonephritis
510. Minimal Change (Lipoid Nephrosis) Disease (responds well to steroid txt)
511. Follicular small clear cell
512. Lung CA
513. Basal cell CA
514. PCP
515. Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
516. Hamartoma
517. Adeno (usually in the head)
518. ALL Child / CLL Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML Adult 35-50
519. Young male
520. Male
521. Prolactinoma (2nd Somatotropic Acidophilic Adenoma)
522. Mid 1/3
523. Lesser curvuture in antrum associated w/ blood group O
524. Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed) 90% localized to the parotid
525. Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
526. Osteosarcoma
527. Lymphoma
528. Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type Female)
529. Young Child
530. Renal cell CA
531. Wilms tumor (neohroblastoma) chromosome 11p
532. Pleomorphic adenoma
533. Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
534. Chlamydia (sero types D-K)
535. Sigmoid Colon
Page 12
Paraphilia
Metabolite seen w/
Pheochromocytoma
Severe Shigella
Bug in Otitis Media &
Sinusitis in Kids
Cause of a Solitary Brain
Abscess
Cause of Bacterial Diarrhea
in U.S.
Shigella Type
536. Middle cerebral aa: contralateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory loss
537. Regional Lymph Nodes
538. Liver
539. Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
540. Malignant melanoma
541. Basal Cell Carcinoma
542. Meckels diverticulum
543. Adeno associated w/ blood group A
544. Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth
545. Thryoglossal duct cyst
546. Papillary CA
547. Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus blind pouch polyhydramnios association
548. Germ cell tumor
549. Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma
550. CA of stomach (adeno CA)
551. Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)
552. Follicular, small cleaved
553. Micronodular
554. Rhabdomyosarcoma
555. Temporal Arteritis (branch of Carotid Artery)
556. HSV
557. Pinworm (2nd Ascaris)
558. Follicular CA
559. Strep. Pneumoniae
560. AIDS
561. Pseudomonas
562. Pseudomonas
563. Pseudomonas
564. Specific phobia
565. Stanford Binet (ages 6 & under)
566. WIPSI (ages 4-6)
567. WISK-R (for ages 6-17)
568. WAIS-R (for > 17 yoa)
569. Pedophilia
570. VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (NE metabolite)
571. Dysenteriae
572. Strep. Pneumoniae
573. A. Israelli
574. Campylobacter jejuni
575. S. Sonnei
Page 13
Cause of Non-Ghonococcal
Urethritis
Pneumonia
Urethritis
Cause of Glomerulonephritis
Cause of Viral Pneumonia
Complication of COPD
Cause of Death w/ SLE
Atrial Septal Defect
Warm Antibody
Immunodeficiency
Congenital GIT Anomaly
Cause of Congenital
Malformation
Pharmacology
Autonomic Nervous System
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
GABA
Muscarinic-r
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine
Isoflurophate
Pralidoxime
Neostigmine
Myasthenia Gravis
Tubocurium
Trimethaphan
Pancurium
Succinylcholine
1 & Eye
M-r & Eye
Sympathetic
Parasym.
M3-r & Eye
M2-r & Heart
M3-r & Lung
M3-r & GI
Tacrine
Atropine
Glycoperrolate
Pirenzepine
1.
2.
1, 2, 1, 2
1, 2, 1 (no 2 activity)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
34. Most potent competitive non-depol NMJ (-)r. No cardiovascular side effects. No Histamine release.
Doxacurium
bungarotoxin
bungarotoxin
1 & Eye
1 & Arterioles
1 & Venules
1 & Sex Function
Diastolic
Diastolic
1 & Heart
35. Prevent the releasal of Ach from vesicles @ the pre synaptic nerve ending
36. Irreversible N-r (-)r =
action potentials
Diastolic pressure =
Venous return =
Afterload
Preload
40. Ejaculation
Phenylephrine
2(+) Asma Drugs
Ritodrine/Turbutaline
Phentolamine
Terazosin
Yohimbine
Cardioselective NMJ
Ecothiophate
Pyridostigmine
41.
1 = TPR
42.
53. Pancuronium = HR due to atropine-like anti muscarinic vagolytic effect & Gallamine (-)r
54. Irreversible cholinesterase (-)r.
55. Cholinomimetic that s M & N-r effects. (-) acetylcholinesterase & plasma cholinesterase
56. DOC for the oral Txt of MG
Cardiology
Digoxin
Diltiazem
Quinidine
Verapamil
Propranolol
Diazoxide
Niroprusside
Reserpine
Dobutamine
Dopamine
Esmolol
Captopril
Digoxin
Dig. Toxicity
Quinidine
Lidocaine
Flecanide
Amiodarone
NE
Ach
Atenolol
Bretylium
Nimodipine
Atropine
Nitrates
Propranolol
Verapamil
Aspirin
1.
2.
AV nodal conduction/ inh. Na/K/Atpase = inc. Ca conc. in heart cells = inc. contraction force
Txt black men. Txt AV nodal re entrance
3.
4.
AV nodal conduction.
AV nodal conduction.
5.
6.
block
Balanced vasodilator.
7.
Balanced vasodilator. Unloads heart. s cyanide= pre-txt w/ thiosulfate. Txt Acute HTNv Crisis
8.
Txt severe & resistant HTN. Depletes CA. See stuffy nose. No to pts w/ peptic ulcers.
9.
10. At low doses Txt Shock= dilates renal and mesenteric aa= maintain urine output
11.
12. Balanced vasodilator. Txt Outpt. CHF see dry cough(bradykinin induced)
13. Txt CHF & Atrial Flutter - inotropic -
20.
25.
O2 supply via
diastole time=
EDV
Warfarin
Heparin
TPA
Streptokinase
Urokinase
Colestipol
Lovastatin
Losartan
Diazoxide
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Phenytoin
Procainamide
Indopamide
Thiazides
(-)
ACEIs
Epinephrine
Norepi.
Methyldopa
Quinidine pre-txt
ClassII
Gray man
Beperidil
ACEIs
Adenosine
Enoxaparin
Isoproterenol
Variant angina
Contraindicated in
CHF
Aldosterone.
Renin 2-3xs
38. Txt insulinomas. Not balanced vasodilator= onlt dilates arterial smooth muscle
39. Central 2(+).
TPR via
symapthetic effect
Renin.
Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent arterioles: GFR & Filtration pressure
Diabetic renal failure progression
Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (ie Theophyline)
Favored for the Txt of Reentrant Supra Ventricular Tachycardia
Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant
63.
HR & MAP
CNS
TOM
Butyrophenone
Atypical D4
Flumazenil
Methylphenidate
Phenytoin
Thiopental
Carbamazepine
Atypical D4-r
Pimozide
Risperidone
Thioridazine
Haloperidol
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Imirpamine
Clomirpramine
Trazadone
Bupropion
SSRIs
Fluoxetine
Phenelzine
Lithium
Alprazolam
Propranolol
-r
k-r
Morphine & O2
Morphine
Morphine OD
Meperidine
Hydromorphone
Tramadol
Naloxone
Pentazocine
Butorphenol
Nalbuphene
GABA
Fast Na Ch.
Methoxyflurane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Halothane
Nitric Oxide
Thiopental
Kentamine
Droperidol
Fentanyl
Midazolam
Primidone
C & A delta Fibers
Esters
Amides
Amphetamine
Bromocriptine
Benztropine
Amantidine
Diphenhydramine
Pergolide
Ethosuximide
Tranylcypromine
SSRI & MAOI
Labor opioids
17. Enurisis
18. Txt OCD See aggressive behavior w/ use
19. Priapism
20. Helps to quit smoking
21. Primarily used for OCD
22. Good for negative symptoms
23. Irreversible MAOI
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
43.
Desipramine causes
Anti-Infective
4.
5.
6.
Malaria profylaxis
Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale
Quinolone derivative
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Clavulanic acid
15.
Piperacillin
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Primaquine
Ciporfloxacin
Sulfonamides
Tertacyclines, anuria & the exception
Ceftriazone
Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
Isoniazid
Pyrantel Pamoate
Buy AT 30, CELL at 50
Cefoxitin
Chloramphenicol
Nifurtimox
Metronidazole
Txt P. carinii
Tetracycline
TMP-SMX
Benzathine Penicillin G
Praziquantel
Melarsoprol
Stibogluconate
Fluconazole
Amphotericin B
Ketoconazole MOA
Griseofulvin MOA
Mefloquine
Chloroquine
47. Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis
48. Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)
49. Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms
50. Txt Leishmaniasis
51. Txt fungal encephalitis
52. Polyene antifingal
53. (-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane
54. Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections
55. Anti malarial
56. Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P. falciparum
57. Txt for Malaria when inside RBC
Page 18
Nifurtimox
Erythromycin
Nystatin
Acyclovir
Imipenem
Cefoperazone side effects
Vancomycin
Meropenem
Nafcillin
Peripheral neuropathy
Guanine analog
Txt Herpes infections
Used w/ Cilastatin
Can cause seizures
Bleeding due to vit K level alterations
Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders
Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph. Aureus)
Red neck: due to histamine release causes facial flushing
used w/ Cilastatin
Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)
Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
Ribavirin
Anti-Neoplastics
Cyclosporine
Cyclophosphamide
Cisplatins toxicities
Methotrexate
Leucovorin Rescue
Bleomycin toxicities
Azathiorine
MOPP
Tamoxifen
Flutamide
Megestrol
Fluoxymesterone
Methotrexate
Brain tumor Txt
Streptozocin
Cytarabine (AraC)
Dactinomycin
Etoposide
Paclitaxel
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
Amifostine
116. Can
Pathology
Mobitz I
Mobitz II
P wave
a wave
T wave
Wavy fibers
Janeways lesions
Oslers nodes
Thiamine defcy
Fibrinous Pericarditis
Serous Pericarditis
Friction Rub
Hemorrhagic Pericarditis
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
PMLs infectious agent
Edema
117. Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd degree block.
118. Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol.
119. BBB association. Often goes to 3rd degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.
120. Atrial depol.
121. LA contraction
122. Vetricular repol.
123. Eosinophilic bands of necrotic myocytes. Early sign of MI.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145. Petehial hemorrhages are seen on kidney surfaces = Flea-Bitten surface = young black men
146. Hematuria; RBC casts; HTN
147. Proteinuria; Hypoalbuminemia; Edema
148. Minimal Change (Lipoid nephrosis) disease
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
Fatty degeneration
Cloudy swelling
Hydropic degeneration
Liquefaction necrosis
Coagulation necrosis
Caseation necrosis
Fibrinoid necrosis
Fat necrosis
Hemoptysis
Pulmonary embolism
Phlebothrombosis
Saddle embolus
Paradoxical embolism
Tuberculoid granuloma
Cellulitis
PSA
5-HT
Feto Protein
CEA
Chromosome 13
Chromosome 11p
Vinyl Chloride
Agent Orange
Parasites & CA
Ochronosis
Lead poisoning
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
From a vein of lower extremities, of a pregnant uterus, in Congestive heart failure, bed ridden pt,
As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to d blood coagulability
Embolus lodged in bifurcation of pulmonary trunks
RV strain = RV & RA dilate = Acute cor Pulmonale
Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation
Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect
Collection of macrophages w/o caseation
Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non-caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections
Spreading infection due to streptococcus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Subacute Bacterial
Endocarditis
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Mitral Insufficiency
Left Anterior Descending
branch
Left Circumflex branch
Dissecting Aneurysm
Cor Pulmonale
Acute Cor Pulmonale
Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
Cold Agglutinins
Panlobular Emphysema
Bulla
Farmers Lung
Bagassosis
Silo-Fillers Lung
G6PDH Deficiency
HbF
Multiple Myeloma
Hodgkins Disease
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Sprue
Regional Enteritis
Whipples Disease
Kulchitsky cells
Ulcerative Colitis
Vaginal Adenosis
Scirrhous Carcinoma
Hofbauer Cells
Retinopathy of Prematurity
IgA deficiency
Priamry Sjorgens
Secondary Sjorgens
LDH1 & LDH2
LDH3
LDH4 & LDH5
Keratomalacia
Metabisfite Test
Microangiopathic Hemolytic
Anemia
Wrights stain
Mononucleosis
T(8;14)
T(9;22)
Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis
Myeloid Metaplasia
Multiple Myeloma
T(14;18)
Focal Segmental GN exs
Nephrotic Syndrome exs
Schistosoma Haematobium
Penicillin Resistant PID
Duret Hemorrhages
Hypertensive Hemorrhage
Cerebral Embolism from
Neurosyphilis
5pTrisomy 13
Acute Cold Agglutinaiton
Chronic Cold Agglutinaiton
RBC Osmotic Fragility
Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas
Singers Nodules
Paraseptal emphysema
Transudate
Exudate
Hurlers
Galactosemia
Phenylketonuria
Autosomal Dominant Diseases
Autosomal Recessive
Diseases
335. Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma. Causing swollen face & cyanosis.
336. Associated to oral cancer.
337. Antibodies to parietal cells; pernicious anemia; autoimmune diseases
338. Associated w/ Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection. 90% of duodenal ulcer
339. Autoimmune origin; middle aged women; anti-mitochondrial Abs
340. Jaundice; itching; hypercholesterolemia (can see cutaneous xanthomas)
341. pancreatic enzymes = fat necrosis; sapponification = hypocalcemia; serum amylase
342. Severe epigastric ab pain; prostration; radiation to the back
343. Chronic pancreatitis
344. No embryo. Paternal derivation only. 46XX
345. Embryo. 2 or more sprems fertilized 1 ovum: triploidy/tetraploidy occurs
346. Hypoplastic Goiter nodules that do not take up radio active iodine. [Opposite: hot & do take up iodine]
347. Mammotrophs = Prolactin
348. Somatotrophs = GH
349. Thyrotrophs = TSH
350. Gonadotrophs = LH
351. Corticotrophs = ACTH & FSH
352. Small/focal aa occlusions. Purely motor or sensory.
353. Sensory: lesion of thalamus
354. Motor: lesion of internal capsule
355. Glucose; Protein; Neutrophils; Pressure
356. Normal Glucose; +/- Protein;
Lymphocytes
osteoclasts
Galactose 1 Phosphate
Hypersensitivity Reactions
ACID
Transplant Rejections
Blood Metastasis
Lymph Metastasis
Aflatoxin
Cleft Lip
Cleft Palate
Craniopharyngioma
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Medial Geniculate Body
Lung Development
393. Niemann-Pick
394. Hurlers
395. Von Gierkes
396. Pompes
397. Coris
398. McArdles
399. Galactosemia
400. PKU
401. Alcaptonuria
402. Hunters Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy, Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate)
403. Fabrys Disease ( Galactosidase A deficiency, Ceremide Trihexoside)
404. Classic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency, F8 Gene on X chromosome is bad, Ceremide Trihexoside)
405. Lisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, Uric acid)
406. G6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency, Ceremide trihexoside)
407. Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy, Ceremide Trihexoside)
408. Type I (Anaphylactic): IgE mediated. Exs: Hay Fever; Allergic asthma; Hives
409. Type II (Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hemolytic transfusion reactions;
Erythroblastosis Fetalis; Graves Disease; Goodpastures
410. Type III (Immune Complex): Insoluble complement bound aggregates of Ag-Ab complexes. Exs: Serum
sickness; Arthus Reaction; Polyarteritis Nodosa; SLE; Immune Complex Mediated Glomerular Disease
411. Type IV (Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity. Involves memory cells. Exs:
Tuberculin reaction; Contact dermatitis; Tumor cell killing; Virally infected cell killing
412. Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/in minutes of transplant. Ab mediated.
413. Acute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant. Lymphocytes & macrophages. Only
rejection type that can be treated w/ therapy.
414. Chronic Rejection = occurs months to years of transplant. Ab mediates vascular damage.
415. Sarcoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion
416. Carcinoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion
417. Seen w/ Aspergillus.
Pellagra
TLCFN
LCAT or PCAT
HMGCoA Reductase
Ketogenic amino acids
Glucogenic amino acids
Keto & Gluco amino acids
Carnitine Shuttle
Cori Cycle
(-) Na+ Pump (ATPase)
TCA Cycle Products
Cones
Rods
Gastrula
Epiblast
Sydenhams Chorea
(+) Frei Test
Sabourauds Agar
FMR1 Gene Defect
Barr Body
Aortic Insufficiency Signs
Scleroderma :CREST
Cretinism
Hemochromatosis Triad
Culture for all Fungi ieCulture Cryptococcus neofromans which is found in pigeon droppings
Fragile X Syndrome: macro-orchidism; long face; large jaw; large everted ears; autism, mental retardation
Present in Kleinfelters: Male: XXY
Not present in Turners: Female: XO
Traube Sign = Pistol shot sound over the femoral vessels
Corrigan pulse = water hammer pulse over coratid artery = aortic regurgitation
Calcinosis; Raynauds; Esophageal; Sclerodactyl; Telangiectasis
Sporadic: bad T4 phosphorylation or developmental failure of thyroid formation
Endemic: no Iodine in diet: protruding belly & belly button
Micronodular pigment cirrhosis; Bronze Diabetes; Skin pigmentation = due to Fe3+ deposition
Clozapine, Chloramphenical
421.
422.
423.
424.
Chloramphenicol
NSAIDs
Benzene
Tricyclics
425.
426.
427.
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)
428.
Quinidine
429.
ACE Inhibitors
430.
431.
432.
433.
Metronidazole
Sulfonylureas (1st generation)
Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
434.
Tetracycline
435.
436.
437.
438.
Valproic Acid
Halothane
Acetaminophen
Phenytoin
439.
Chloramphenicol
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
445.
446.
447.
448.
449.
Cimetidine
Azoles
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Sulfonamides
Isoniazid
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Primaquine
Isoniazid
Monday Disease
450.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
463.
Niacin
Tamoxifen
Ca++ Channel Blockers
Barbiturates Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Methicillin
NSAIDs (except Aspirin)
Furosemide
Sulfonamides
Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure
464.
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic Anemia
Atropine-like Side Effects
Cardiotoxicity
Cartilage Damage in Children
Cinchonism
Cough
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Disulfiram-like Effect
Extrapyramidal Side Effects
Fanconis Syndrome
Fatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis)
Gingival Hyperplasia
Gray Baby Syndrome
Gynecomastia
Hepatitis
Hot Flashes, Flushing
Induce CP450
Inhibit CP450
Interstitial Nephritis
Rifampin
Page 27
headache, -
Osteoporosis
Positive Coombs Test
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Red Man Syndrome
Severe HTN with Tyramine
SLE-like Syndrome
Tardive Dyskinesia
Tinnitus
465.
466.
467.
Heparin
Corticosteroids
Methyldopa
468.
469.
470.
Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Vancomycin
471.
MAOIs
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
Procainamide
Hydralazine
INH
Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine) Clozapine: only antipsychotic to not
give you tardive dyskinesia
Aspirin
Quinidine
Microbiology
Lactose formers
cAMP
Dimorphic Fungi
Have
Prophage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
CEEK
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
E.Coli (K1 capsule most important)
Klebsiella
SHYPS
Motile:
Shigella
make H2S
Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis)
Proteus
Non Motile: noH2S
Salmonella
These rascals may microscopically lack color:
Treponema
Ricksetta
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
CAPE
Cholera
Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule)
Pertusis (via Gi)
E.coli (LT enterotoxin)
Some killers have pretty nice capsules
Strep. Pneumoniae
Klebsiella
HiB
Pseudamona Aeroginosa
Neisseria meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)
Can Also Have Both Shapes
Cocciodes
Aspergillus
Histolpasma
Blastomyces
Sprothrix schenkii
OBED
O = Salmonella
B = Botulinum
E = Erythrogenic strep
D = Diptheria
Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
Waysons Stain
Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
Splenectomy
Invasins
Fusiform
S. viridans
Obligate Aerobes
Obligate Anaerobes
Staph aureus
Spirochetes
Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
Acid Fast Organisms
Pigment Producing Bacteria
Bacterial Morphology
Inclusion Bodies
Coagulase (+)
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
Protozoa
Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
Haemophilus Factors
All cocci are
Eaton Fried Eggs
Mycoplasma
Sabrands
Malassazia furfur
44. Yersinia
45. Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
46. Predisposes to septicemia
47. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
48. Vincents trench mouth
49. Dextran mediated adherence
50. Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
51. Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
52. A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
53. Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
54. Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
55. Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
All Proteus can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine
Ureaplasma
Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter)
Cryptococcus
Nocardia
Staph A & Yersenia pestis
88. Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia
except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)
89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but
can be found extra cellularly in the body)
91. X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
92. Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
93. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Measles 3Cs
Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
Bloody diarrhea agents
YW-135CA
Indian Ink
Naegleria causes
Need Cysyeine for growth
Woolsorters Disease
Grows in Rice
Clostridium Perfringens
Clostridium Difficile
Spastic Paralysis toxin
Clostridium Botulinum
Infant Botulinum
Thayer Martin Agar
DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
The As of Klebsiella
Rice H2O Diarrhea
Raw seafood intoxicaiton
Helicobacter Txt
risk of P. aeroginosa infection
Contact lens infection
Cat Bites
Undulant Fever
Bordet Gengou Agar
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
Cat Scratch Disease
113. Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring
surrounding the lesion
114. Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
115. Nocardia
116. Actinomyces israelli
117. Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
118. Strep. Pneumoniae
119. Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
121. Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
126.
127.
128.
129.
137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
139. Neisseria ID
140. Ceftriazone
141. Related w/ neonateal meningitis
142.
143.
144.
145.
Alcoholics
Aspiration pneumonia
Abscesses in the lungs
Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
Pink Eye
True Hemaphrodite
Pseudo Hemaphrodite
Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
HLA Genes Location
Parvovirus B19
Interferon MOA
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
Parainfluenza Causes
Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
RSV
Removed tonsils, find what virus
Bone Fever
HbsAg
HbeAg
Anti-Hbc
Filamentous Bacteria
Listeria contaminates
Shiga like Toxin
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Relapsing Fever
Lofflers Medium
Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle
Trench Fever
Spotted Fever Members
Thrush Txt
Rose Bush Thorns
Contact lens solution infection
Filiariasis Causant
Freshwater lake infection
Reduviid bug bite
Schistosoma Haematobium causes
Schistosoma Mansoni causes
Snail, intermediate host of
Ixodes scapularis transmits
Nantucket Protozoa
Infection by Reduviid Bug
Infection by TseTse Fly
Infection by Sandfly
Infection by Ixodes Tick
Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
Trophozoites w/ Face-Like Appearance
Nonseptate Hyphae
Histoplasmosis Geography
Coocidioidomycosis Geography
Blastomycosis Geography
155. Toxoplasmosis
156. Adenovirus (type 8)
157. Testes & Ovaries are present
158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
159. Testicular Feminization
160. 6p
161. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
166. Bronchiolitis in infants
167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
Roseola Infection, aka
Herpangina
Orthomyxovirus
Paramyxovirus
Togavirus
Flaviviris
Bunyavirus
IgA Protease Activity
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
Only ssDNA
Only dsRNA
Naked RNA
2 circular DNAs
BK
Hepadna, Retrovirus?
Picornovirus: PERCH
Hemorrhagic Fevers
Segmented viruses
Eclipse Phase
Latent Phase
Naked Capsid Virus
Enveloped Virus
Interferon
AIDS structural prots
AIDS regulatory prots
AIDS gp41 env prot
AIDS gp120 env prot
AIDS p17 gag prot
AIDS p24 gag prot
AIDS p7p9 gag prot
DNA Viruses
Brick. Rep
In Cyto
AH H PPP --- ico Rep in Nuc
Page 32
A = Adeno
H = Herpes
H= Hepadna
P = Pox
P = Parvo
SS
P = Papova
Circ
E
C = Calici
P = Picorno
R = Reo
F = Flavi
T = Toga
C = Corona
F = Filo
O = Orthomyxo
R = Rhabdo
P = Paramyxo
A = Arena
B = Bunya
Bullet
Anti sense
A
Picorna
Acanthamoeba
Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Candida
Aspergillus Fumigatum
Cocciodes
Histoplasma Cap
Blastomycosis
Sporothrix Schenkii
PCP
C
Flavi
D
Delta
E
Calici
Trichophyton: SHN
Microsporium: SH
Epidermophyton: SN
Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss
E. Histolitica
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Balantium C.
Trichomonas V.
Cysts
Cysts
Cysts
Cysts
Trophozoites
Vivax
Benign 3 degrees
48h
Ovale
Benign 3 degrees
48h
Oval/Jagged
Malariae
4 degrees of Malarial
72hrregular
Crescent
Falciparum
Malignant 3 degrees
Miscellaneous
1. Fastest growing tumor Burkitts
2. PEs are found in half of all autopsies
3. Courvoisiers Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing
gallstones do not (too much scarring), so if you can palpate the gallbladder youe probably looking at cancer.
4. Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox
5. Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza
6.
has the only protein capsule
7.
(Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
8. Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung
9.
often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like
, except that
lacks the prominent nucleoli.
10. Weil Felix reaction: (+)R. rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis
11. Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests: 1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test most
expensive but the Gold Standard)
Cytokine
IL 1
IL 2
IL 3
IL 4
IL 5
IL 6
IFN
IFN
IFN gamma
TNF
TNF
Source
12. Monocytes, macrophages
13. Macrophages, T & NK cells
14. T cells
15. T cells
16. T cells
17. T cells, monocytes
18. B cells, macrophages
19. Fibroblasts
20. T & NK cells
21. Macrophages, T & NK cells
22. T cells
Function
Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton
Stim prolif of B, T & NK cell
GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells
growth of B & T cells/ HLA II Ags
Maturation of B ! plasma cell
Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts
Antiviral activity
Antiviral activity
Antiviral activity, (+) macrophages, HLA II Ags
T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity
T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity
Chrom.
Associated Tumors
3p
Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA
5p
Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA
11p
Wilms tumor
Page 34
Rb
BRCA-2
p53
NF-1
BRCA-1
DCC
DPC
NF-2
13q
13q
17p
17q
17q
18q
18q
22q
Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
Breast CA
Most human Cas
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Breast CA, Ovarian CA
Colon & Stomach CA
Pancreatic CA
Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma
Physiology Equations
Resistance in Series: Add all
Resistance in Parallel: Invert the answer
RENAL:
Filtration Fraction =
GFR
RPF
Clearance =
[Urine]xVel (Urine)
Excretion
or
[ Plasma]
[Plasma ]
ERPF
1 Hct
CARDIO:
CO = HR x SV
CO =
O 2(consumed )
PulmonaryA VO 2difference
CO =
MAP
TPR
MAP = TPR x CO
F=
P1 P 2
R
LUNGS:
PAO2 = (760 47) FO2 -
PACO2
R
Where:
FO2 = [O2]
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CO 2 produced
O 2consumed
.8 or 1
Flow =
O 2consumed
AtoVO2difference
Velgas Diffusion =
Area
x Gas Diffusion Constant x Difference of Partial
Thickness
Press
VentTot = VentTidal x #of Respirations
Compliance =
Vol
Pr ess
P=
Tension
Radius
Va/Q
New PCO2 = 20
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Diffusing Capacity =
New PO2 = 170
COuptake
PACO 2