UNIVERSITY OF WEST BOHEMIA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

Inovace pedmtu TEORIE PROUDOVCH STROJ v rmci projektu CZ.1.07/2.2.00/15.0006

JET ENGINES
Centrifugal flow compressors

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF COMPRESSORS

Compressor is a device which provide a compression

of air and its transport to combustion chamber in a
required amount to ensure continuous process of
combustion.
Compression in centrifugal flow compressor is
achieved by centrifugal velocities
The air in outlet from blade canal is upright to axis of
rotation
Velocity of outlet air depends by diameter of blades and
rotor's RPM

INTRODUCTION
Requirements

Continual supply of required amount of air to

combustion chamber

High values pressure ratio

Stable work in each conditions where engine works

High values of efficiency

Low price

Minimal weight and dimensions

Simple construction and maintenance

INTRODUCTION
Advanteges

Higher pressure ratio in one stage (=10)

Low length in axial direction

Good efficiency
Disadvatages

High frontal drag

Its necessary to use on outlet a diffuser and
manifold

COMPRESSOR TYPES
TYPES DEVIDED BY DIRECTION OF INLET

Axial inlet

Radial inlet

Diagonal inlet

Single-entry inlet

Dual-entry inlet
TYPES DEVIDED BY NUMBER OF STAGES

Single stage compressors

Dual stage compressors

EXAMPLES

Fig. 2

Centrifugal flow compressor with single axial inlet

EXAMPLES

Fig. 3

Centrifugal flow compressor with dual-entry

radial inlet

EXAMPLES

Fig. 4

Centrifugal compressor with single diagonal inlet

COMPRESSOR TYPES
TYPES DEVIDED BY TYPE OF IMPELLER

Single-entry impeller

Dual-entry impeller

Impeller with straight blades

Impeller with curved blades forward

Impeller with curved blades backward

Closed impeller case

Semi-open impeller case

Open impeller case

EXAMPLES

Fig. 5 Single and dual entry impeller

EXAMPLES
Straight

Opened

Curved forward

Semi-opened

Curved backward

Closed

Fig. 6 Impellers shape and cases

COMPRESSOR TYPES
TYPES DEVIDED BY NUMBER OF STAGES

Single stage compressors

Dual stage compressors

TYPES DEVIDED BY ARRANGEMENT OF
SPOOL

Bladed diffuser

Non-bladed diffuser

EXAMPLE

Fig. Dual stage centrifugal flow compressor

EXAMPLES

Fig. Various types of dual stage centrifugal compressors

MAIN PARTS

Fig. Main parts of centrifugal flow compressor

MAIN PARTS

Fig. Impeller

MAIN PARTS

Fig. Particle move through the non-blade diffuser

MAIN PARTS

Fig. Particle move through the blade diffuser

MAIN PARTS

Fig. Bladed diffuser

MAIN PARTS

Fig. Output manifold and its loads

MAIN LAYERS

Fig. Layers through the compressor

PARAMETERS TROUGH THE

COMPRESSOR

Fig. 7 Ideal and real process of compression in T-S diagram

PARAMETERS THROUGH THE

COMPRESSOR

Fig. Evolution of parameters through the compressor

PARAMETERS THROUGH THE

COMPRESSOR

Fig. Evolution of velocity parameters through the

impeller

BASIC PARAMETERS
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE RATIO

p 5a
Ca =
p 1a
Is non-dimensioned parameter. It is a ratio of outlet
an inlet absolute pressure in compressor.
p1a absolute pressure value before compressor [Pa]
p5a absolute pressure value behind compressor [Pa]

BASIC PARAMETERS
ABSOLUTE COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY

W ad ,Ca c p. T 5ad ,a T 1a
Ca =
=
[1]0.780.82
W e ,Ca
c p. T 5a T 1a
Is a ratio of adiabatic work and effective work of
compression in compressor.

BASIC PARAMETERS
Ca absolute compressor efficiency[1]
Wad,Ca absolute adiabatic compress work [J.kg-1]
We,Ca absolute polytropic compress work [J.kg-1]
cp heat capacity at constant pressure [J.kg-1.K-1]
T5ad,a absolute adiabatic gas temperature on the end of
compression [K]
T5a absolute polytropic gas temperature on the end of
compression [K]
T1a absolute temperature on the beginning of compression [K]

BASIC PARAMETERS
AIR FLOW RATE
1

Q a= . c 1 . A1 [ kg.s ]
Define mass flow rate of air by one second,
which flows trough the compressor.

BASIC PARAMETERS
Qa Air flow rate through the compressor [kg.s -1]
Qa 25 kg.s-1 (single-entry impeller)
Qa 50 kg.s-1 (single-entry impeller)
Density [kg.m-3]
c1 Absolute velocity of the air in the inlet [m.s -1]
A1 Inlet flow area [m2]

REFERENCES

Otis, Vosbury: Aircraft gas turbine powerplants

Jeppesen: 2002
Rolls royce The jet engine, 1996
Hanus D., Marlek J, : Studijn modul 15,
Turbnov motor, CERM, s.r.o. Brno 2004
Kadrnoka J.: Tepeln turbny a
turbokompresory, CERM, s.r.o. Brno 2004

DISCUSSION...
...QUESTIONS