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1. 1
2. 2 Chapter 3 Motion (Every action has reaction! Yes exactly, if you do not please your books
how will you be pleased?) Definitions: 1. Motion: - When an object changes its position with
respect to its surrounding it is said to be in motion. 2. Rest: - When an object does not change
its position with respect to its surrounding it is said to be at rest. 3. Translatory (or linear)
motion: - A body is said to possess translatory motion when it follows straight path. 4. Rotatory
(or circular/angular) motion: - When a body moves in a circle (i.e. may spin or rotate about a
fixed point). 5. Oscillatory (or vibratory) motion: -when a body moves to and fro about its mean
position 6. Kinematics: - It is the study of motion of objects without considering the forces
acting on them 7. Statics: - The study of objects at rest 8. Dynamics: - It is the study of cause
of motion. 9. Rate: - Anything divided by time. 10. Displacement: - the shortest straight
distance between the two points, having a particular direction. Or the change in position of the
body. 11. Distance: - it is the length of the path (curved/line) described by an object moving in
space. 12. Velocity: - the rate of change of displacement is called velocity
3. 3 13. Uniform velocity: - The velocity which does not change in magnitude and direction. OR.
It is the equal distance covered by a body in equal intervals of time in particular direction 14.
Speed: - the magnitude of velocity is called speed. OR the rate of change of distance is called
speed. 15. Acceleration: - the rate of change of velocity is called acceleration. 16. Uniform
acceleration: - when the change in velocity is constant in equal intervals of time. 17. Gravity: It is the force by virtue of which the earth attracts the bodies towards its centre. 18.
Acceleration due to gravity: - It is the acceleration in free fall bodies by gravity. 19. Newtons
First Law of Motion: - it states that A body continues its state of rest or uniform motion unless
an external force acts on it 20. Inertia: -It is the property of matter by virtue of which it
opposes any change in its state of rest or that of motion. 21. Force: -It is the agency that
causes or tries to change the state of rest or that of the motion of the body. 22. Newtons
second law of motion: - According to it When an unbalanced force acts on a body it produces
acceleration in the body in the direction of force which is directly proportional to the force and
indirectly proportional to mass of the body 23. Newtons third law of motion: - It states that
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction 24. Weight: - Weight of the body is the
gravitational pull of the earth on the body.
4. 4 25. Tension: -When an object is suspended by a string the force that acts along the string
and is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the weight is called tension. 26. Thrust:
-A forcefully pushing force. 27. Up thrust: - It is the force that pushes things up in water. 28.
Reaction: -The opposing force of action (which is the application of force) 29. Friction: -The
resistive or opposing force to the motion of the object generated when the two surfaces or in
contact. 30. Static Friction: -The friction between the body and the surface when the body is at
rest 31. Kinetic or dynamic Friction: -When the body is in motion relative to the surface then
the force of friction between the object and surface is of dynamic type. 32. Sliding Friction:
-When a body slides on a surface the corresponding force of friction is called sliding friction. 33.
Rolling Friction: -When a body rolls on a surface the corresponding force of friction is called
rolling friction. 34. Limiting Friction: -The maximum static friction when the object is on the
verge of slipping is called limiting friction. 35. Fluid Friction: -When a solid object moves
through a fluid (viscous medium), it experience an opposing force on it, called fluid friction. 36.
Resistance: -the force that prevents the motion. 37. Frame of Reference: -A set of coordinate
axes in terms of which the position or movement may be specified or with reference to which
physical phenomenon may be stated mathematically.
5. 5 38. Internal frame of reference: -A frame of reference which is at rest or moves with
constant velocity and the acceleration in it is zero, also it allows the Newtons law to be
applicable it. 39. Non inertial frame of reference: - Such a frame of reference is accelerated.
40. Momentum: - It is defined as the product of mass and velocity of the body. 41. Law of
conservation of momentum: -The total momentum of an isolated system before and after
collision remains conserved. 42. Impulse: -The change in momentum that takes place when a
large force acts for a short interval of time. 43. Elastic collision: - The collision after which both
the momentum and kinetic energies are conserved. 44. Inelastic collision: -In such a collision
momentum is conserved but the kinetic energy is altered.
6. 6 Scientific Reasons: Q 1. Why it is easier to stop a bicycle than a truck moving with the
same velocity? Ans. Because the bicycle has small momentum due to its small mass as

compared to the truk Q 4. Will a body accelerate more at the same time when you increase its
mass? Explain. Ans. No, because according to Newtons 2nd law of motion acceleration is
directly proportional to force but at the same time indirectly proportional to mass. Q 2. Why
the same bullet thrown with the hand does not harm so much as fired from gun? Ans. Because
the bullet thrown with hand has small momentum because of its low Velocity as compared to
the bullet fired from gun. Q 3. Why the gun recoils on firing? Ans. This phenomenon is in
accordance with Newtons third law of motion in which The action of firing of bullet produces
the reaction of recoiling of gun. Q 4. Why the leaves fall off on jerking the tree? Ans. They fall
off due to inertia. When you jerk tree the leaves are set on motion which on the stoppage of
jerking still want to be in motion with high amplitude which cause them to fall off. This is a
case of Newtons first law of motion. Q. 5 Why one has to run a while during stepping out of a
moving vehicle? Ans. It is because of inertia. When a person steps out of a moving vehicle his
feet come to rest but his rest of the body is still in motion which will cause him to fall on the
ground. In order to save from falling on the ground one should run for a while after stepping
out of a moving vehicle.
7. 7 Q. 6 Will the momentum be conserved after collision of balls in snooker game? Ans. No,
because it is not an isolated system and due to friction the momentum could not remain
conserved. Q. 7 Jelly fish pushes water out of its mouth backward and is its propelled forward.
Explain the phenomenon. Ans. it is according to Newtons third law of motion. The pushing of
water out of mouth in backward direction is action whose equal and opposite reaction is
displayed by the forward movement of jelly fish. Q. 8 Can a body with moving constant speed
has acceleration? Explain. Ans. yes, because acceleration is produced as a result of change in
velocity and speed + direction constitute velocity. So, the change in any of the speed or
direction will cause acceleration as is the case seen in the motion along circle. Q. 9 Does a
body with uniform acceleration has constant velocity? Explain. Ans. No, because acceleration is
the rate of change of velocity and a body with constant velocity cannot be accelerated even
uniformly. Q. 10Why the front of vehicles is made inclined or slanted? Ans. It is designated so
in order to bear less frictional resistance offered by the wind.
8. 8 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Momentum = a) mass velocity b) mass acceleration c)
force velocity d) force acceleration 2. Find the incorrect statement about force: a) its S.I
unit is Newton b) it always produces motion c) force and acceleration are directly proportional
to each other d) F=ma Questions 3 - 10 Select from the terms below A) Newtons first law
of motion B) Newtons second law of motion C) Newtons third law of motion D) N.O.T 3. Every
action has an equal and opposite reaction is the statement of: 4. Also known as law of inertia
5. Acceleration is directly proportional to force is the statement of: 6. Walking and firing of
bullets are the examples of: 7. Acceleration is directly proportional to mass is the statement of:
8. Motion of boat obeys: 9. The flight of birds shown by the upward and downward motion of
their wings is in accordance with: 10.Falling of leaves from plants on jerking is in accordance
with:
9. 9 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 A 11. Far walking it is not necessary: a) friction b)
gravity c) smoothness d) N.O.T 12. The unit of momentum is: a) N b) N.m c) Nm- d) Nm-2 13.
The maximum force of friction which just stops body from sliding or moving is called: a) rolling
friction b) static friction c) kinetic friction d) limiting friction 14. When force acting on a body is
doubled its acceleration becomes: a) b) c) doubled d) quadrupled 15. Find the force acting
on a body of mass 10kg moving with the acceleration of 5m/s2 . a) 5N b) 15N c) 30N d) 50N
16. What is mass of a body of weight 9.8N a) 1kg b) 1g c) 9.8kg d) 9.8g 17. How much
acceleration will be produced in a body of 15kg if force of 30N acts on it? a) 1m/s2 b) 2m/s2 c)
3 m/s2 d) 3 m/s2 18. What is the mass of a body if the force of 20N produces acceleration of 5
m/s2 a) 3kg b) 4kg c) 15kg d) 400g 19. What is the weight of a body of mass 10kg a) 10N b)
19.6N c) 49N d) 98N 20. A stone weighing 2N is placed over wooden table. The friction
between stone and the table is: a) 0.08N b) 0.8N c) 8N d) N.O.T
10. 10 11 C 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 D 16 A 17 B 18 B 19 D 20 B 21.A force of 54N acts on a
stationary body for 2s and the body acquires velocity of 18m/s. the mass of body is: a) 6kg b)
8kg c) 18kg d) 32kg 22.A body weighing 19.6N is resting at a place. What force is needed to
produce acceleration of 2 m/s2 a) 2N b) 4N c) 9.8N d) 39.2N Questions 23-35 Select from
the terms below A) True B) False 23.Mass and weight both have same unit 24.The weight of a
body is always constant 25. m1v1 + m2v2 = m1u1 + m2u2 represents law of conservation of
momentum 26.Weight is a scalar quantity 27.Friction is directly proportional to deceleration
28.Friction will not be produced if the two surfaces in contact are totally smooth. 29.Rolling
friction is lesser than sliding friction 30.It is always necessary to apply force to stop moving
object

11. 11 21 A 22 B 23 B 24 B 25 B 26 B 27 B 28 A 29 A 30 A 31.The quality of matter of a body is

called its mass 32.Action and reactions have equal magnitude but different direction 33.When
an unbalanced force acts on a body it always produces acceleration 34.The friction during
motion is called kinetic motion 35.It is dangerous to jump from moving train because of inertia.
36.A body of mass 10 Kg attains the velocity of 10m/s within 10s. the force acting on it is? a) 1
N b) 10N c) 100N d) N.O.T 37.A car is moving with the velocity of 36km/h on a straight road.
On applications of brakes it comes to rest after covering a distance of 5m. the deceleration
produced is: a) 5m/s2 b) -5 m/s2 c) 10 m/s2 d) -10 m/s2 38.A ball is dropped from tower. It
reaches the ground in 5s. The velocity with which it strikes the ground is: a) 9.8m/s b) 19.4m/s
c) 49m/s d) 98m/s 39.The two balls ball A and ball B of masses 50g and 100g respectively are
dropped from a tower. The correct statement is: a) ball A will reach the ground first b) ball B
will reach the ground first c) both the balls will reach the ground simultaneously d) the balls
dont have acceleration
12. 12 40.An athlete running with the speed of 10m/s reaches its target within 5min. Find the
distance traveled by the athlete. a) 1km b) 2km c) 3km d) 500m 41.A body starts from the rest
and attains the uniform acceleration of 10 m/s2 within 3s. find the distance covered. a) 7m b)
16m c) 30m d) 45m 31 B 32 A 33 A 34 A 35 A 36 B 37 D 38 C 39 C 40 C 41 D 42 42.A body has
velocity of 5m/s and increasing up to 10m/s within 2.5s. the acceleration produced is: a) 1
m/s2 b) 2 m/s2 c) 3 m/s2 d) 4 m/s2 43.A body starts from rest and attains the velocity of 2m/s
within 1s. Find the distance covered while its acceleration is 2 m/s2 a) 1m b) 2m c) 3m d) 4m
44.A car starts from rest and attains velocity of 90m/s within 1min. its acceleration is: a) 1
m/s2 b) 1.5 m/s2 c) 2 m/s2 d) 90 m/s2 45.An object falling freely under gravity has constant
velocity: a) true b) false 46.what is speed of a body if it covers 10m/s within 2s a) 5m/s b)
10m/s c) 15m/s d) 20m/s
13. 13 47.A batsman hits the ball with the initial velocity of 30 m/s and it attains the uniform
acceleration of 10m/s2 within 2s. The distance covered is: a) 20m b) 40m c) 60m d) 80m
48.What will be the final velocity of a ball dropped from the top of building which attains the
acceleration of 9.8m/s2 and takes 4s to reach the ground? a) 4.9m/s b) 19.6m/s c) 39.2m/s d)
N.O.T 49.A ball is thrown with the velocity of 6m/s and it attains the acceleration of 4m/s2 .
What will be its velocity after 2s. a) 4m/s b) 6m/s c) 10m/s d) 14m/s 50.A body starts from the
rest and attains the uniform acceleration of 8m/s2 within 3s. find the distance covered. a) 8m
b) 16m c) 24m d) 36m 42 B 43 A 44 B 45 B 46 B 47 D 48 C 49 D 50 D 51.A body moving
towards north with the speed of 50m/s turns to east and its speed becomes 60m/s. the
acceleration produced is due to change in _______of velocity. a) magnitude b) direction c) both
a & b d) N.O.T 52.If a body moves with uniform acceleration its velocity doesnt change. a) true
b) false 53.acceleration is always produced when there is change in the speed of a body: a)
true b) false 54.A body has the velocity of 2m/s in the 1st second, 4m/s in the 2nd and 3m/s in
the 3rd second. The average velocity is:
14. 14 a) 2m/s b) 3m/s c) 4m/s d) 5m/s 55.A car starts from rest and attains velocity of 16m/s
within 4s. its acceleration is: a) 4 m/s2 b) 12 m/s2 c) 20 m/s2 d) 64 m/s2 56.A book kept in a
moving car is in rest according to the passengers in the car: a) true b) false 57.What is the
speed of a bullet if it takes 4 s to hit its target at 4 km? a) 400 m/s b) 500 m/s c) 1000 m/s d)
2000 m/s 58.A body moving with the constant speed of 10m/s changes its direction from north
to east after some time. The body is said to be accelerated. a) true b) false 59.1 nm = 109 km
a) true b) false 60.What is the acceleration of a body moving with the constant velocity of
12m/s and reaches its target within 3s. a) 36 b) 3 c) 4 d) N.O.T 51 C 52 B 53 A 54 B 55 A 56 A
57 C 58 A 59 B 60 D
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