2

EUT440
ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY
NILAI UNIT/NUMBER OF UNIT: 2 (2+0)
JENIS KURSUS/COURSE TYPE: TERAS/CORE
12th SEPT 2013
GROUP: SEM I 2013-2014

DKD5 THURS 10-12 PM
INTRODUCTION: COURSE, ISSUES ON
OSH
Knowledge Sincerity Excellence
SAFETY & HEALTH

PROGRAM AT
WORK PLACE
Scope of Lectures
Safety & Health Milestones in Malaysia
What is Safety and Health Program
Statistics
WHAT IS OSH
HAZARDS ID
WHY OSH - BENEFITS
CLASSIFY HAZARDS
WHAT CONSTITUTE OSH
CONSEQUENT OF HAZARDSHEALTH
ROUTES
FACTORS/EFFECT
DIFFERENTIATE HEALTH &

SAFETY
CONTROL - BREIFLY
LEGAL
IMPLICATION
QUALITATIVE
RISK MANAGEMENT AND

SAFETY
RISK ASSESSMENT
MORAL & ETHIC

FINANCIAL
COSTS
QUANTITATIVE
HIRARC - TOOL
ACTS
STEPS IN HIRARC
OSH 1994
FAC & MACH 1967
RISK CONTROL
RISK MONITORING
ELIMINATION
ENGINEERING
MINIMIZATION
ADMINSTRATIVE
WHAT IS SAFETY AND HEALTH

PROGRAM
A workplace safety and health program is a
systematic plan to identify and control
hazards and respond to emergencies. The
program lays out responsibilities,
resources, and procedures for keeping the
workplace safe and healthy. Its objective is
to integrate
safety and health into all work practices
and conditions.
SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM WHY?

Why Managing Safety and Health?
Mandatory under the law.
It is one of the general duties as prescribed
under the Occupational Safety and Health
Act 1994 (Act 514) for the employer to
provide a safe workplaces to their
employees and other related person. .
OSH ACT
OSHA 1994 Requirement

For all industries
>If >5 Employees
>40 Employees (S30)
-Safety & Health Policy

-Safety & Health Policy + Safety &
Health Committee
For high risk industries (i.e. construction, ship building, gas etc.)
>>100 Employees
(Order 1997)
Health Committee + a Certified
Safety & Health Officer
For low risk industries (other than the above mentioned industries)
>>500 Employees
(Order 1997)
Health Committee + a Certified Safety
&
Health Officer

Since the days of the Industrial
Revolution, when most factories were
death-traps for the workers, legislation
has steadily improved health and safety
at work.
Applying our normal principle that
prevention is better than cure.
http://www.ehcareers.org/about/specialist_environmental_protection.html
Milestones in the safety movement

Boiler Enactment 1890. 1st legislation in the country to address safety issues.
Mandatory inspections of boilers by the Mines Department inspectors.
1913Machinery Ordinance 1913. Superseded all the Boiler Enactment.
1932Machinery Enactment 1932. Updated. Addition on provision on registration and
inspection of machinery installation. Enforced by Dept. of Mines.
1953Machinery Ordinance 1953. Superseded all previous Regulations. 4 Regulations
were
enacted, one was Safety and Health and Fire 1953; Enforced by Dept of
Machinery, Min of Labor.
1967Factory and Machinery Act 1967. Superseded Machinery Ordinance 1953. Fill the
gaps, cover all aspects on industry safety and health in all work place defined as
factories (before, people worked in workplace where there was no machinery were
unprotected). BUT work force under agriculture, forestry, fishing, construction,
finance and public services not protected. Enforced by Factory and Machinery Dept.
1970Regulations.
1991Bright Sparklers factory explosion in Sungai Buluh killed 22 workers. Stiffer penalties
to employers failed to safeguard workers. {Bhopal tragedy in India 1984 (3000
killed,
50,000 suffered disability and Chernobyl nuclear power disaster in Russia
1986}.
1994Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). To meet Malaysian fast economic
growth to become an industrialized state by 2020 . Plug the weakness of 1967 Act.
Provide general guidelines how to create a safe environment at work. All protected.
Except those working on board ships (Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952, Merchant
Shipping Ordinance (Sabah & Sarawak) 1960.
1890 -
Lessons Learnt from Bhopal tragedy?

40 tons of methyl isocyanides (MIC) and other lethal gases including
hydrogen cyanide leaked. Morning of 3rd December 1984. Accident
is a series of event
Protective equipment that could stop the disaster not in full
working order
Refrigeration system to cool the storage tank was shut down.
Scrubbing System
to absorbed the vapor was not
immediately available.
Flare system
to burn any vapor that got past the
scrubbing system was out of order.
(source: Goetsch, 2011).
Lessons Learnt from Bhopal tragedy?

Supreme Court India ordered USD470 compensation. The fund
were paid to Indian Government to compensate the victims.
Criminal negligence
Corporate prejudice chose a poverty-stricken country as a
location that few would care if something went wrong
Avoidance putting a plant in remote area/poor country to
avoid stricter safety and health standards of the country that of
the parent company.
In US, it led to the passage of - Emergency Planning and
Community-to-know Act (EPCRA) in 1986 (Goetsch, 2011).
STATISTICS
FATALITY
AND ACCIDENTS
IN WORK PLACE
RATES OF OCCURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL

ACCIDENTS and FATALITY in MALAYSIA
Lies
Frequency Rates of Occurrences of Occupational Accidents and

Fatalities (source: Bahagian Dasar dan Penyelidikan, JKKP)
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR CATEGORY

OF NPD* UNTIL DECEMBER 2010 (INVESTIGATED)
*NPD Non-Permanent Disability
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR

CATEGORY OF PD* UNTIL DECEMBER 2010
(INVESTIGATED)
*PD Permanent Disability
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR

CATEGORY OF DEATH UNTIL DECEMBER 2010
(INVESTIGATED)
NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX versus

NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL FATALITY
OCCURRENCE RATE
National Competitiveness Index versus National Occupational Fatality

Occurrence Rate (source: World Economic Forum/ILO Safework, 2004)
CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS
Industrial Accidents is on the decline but
the compensation paid is on the increase
Accidents are more severe in nature and
have longer medical leave
Minor accidents are not reported
Total number of Commuting Accidents
increased by 9%
Challenges of Occupational
Diseases
Reported OD cases for 2009 increased by 85 %
Total number of OD is expected to increase due to long
latency period, before the disease manifests and individual
susceptibility factor
New emerging diseases is on the increase
Medical surveillance is not done according to the
regulations for early intervention and thus disease may
appear later with much more serious complication
Under reporting phenomena
carpal

Moral and Ethical Issues
-Respect Human Resources - morale, commitment, image
-Respect their family pride,
- Ethical Issues AS A PROFESSIONAL
Legal Issues (MACHINERY AND FACTORY ACT 1967; OSH ACT
1994
-Claims for compensation
-Disruption during the legal process
Financial Issues - is not a JUST legal, moral and ethical
obligation; it also makes good business sense!!!!!.
-Increase of Insurance Premium
-Direct Lost
-Indirect Lost
ETHICAL ISSUES
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS
ACT 1967
(Revised 2002)
Act 138
An Act to provide for the registration of
Engineers and for purposes connected
therewith.
ETHICAL ISSUES
Functions of the Board
- on Ethics For the purposes of this Act there is hereby established a board
to be called "Board of Engineers", Malaysia (BEM). The functions
of the Board shall be among others:
to hear and determine disputes relating to professional
conduct or ethics of registered Engineers;
to determine and regulate the conduct and ethics of the
engineering profession;
ETHICAL ISSUES
Why do Engineers need to know about Ethics?
With knowledge & skills, engineers have the capability
to do services to the public.
With this capability, engineers have a tremendous
responsibility to clients, individuals and society.
Ethics help engineers to guide their decisions to
ensure they act responsibly.
ETHICAL ISSUES
Basic Ethical Concepts
Ethical considerations are an integral part of making
engineering decisions.
The professional obligations of engineers go beyond
fulfilling a contract with a client or customer.
Codes of ethics can provide guidance in the decisionmaking process.
ETHICAL ISSUES
Basic Ethical Concepts
Ethical obligations do not stop at any countrys border; they
are global.
Wherever engineers practice, they should hold paramount
the health, safety, and welfare of the public.
How an engineer fulfils those obligations may depend on
the social and economic context of engineering practice.
ETHICAL ISSUES
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS REGULATIONS 1990
Conduct of Registered Engineer.
23. Every registered Engineer shall at all times uphold the

dignity, high standing and reputation of his profession.
Responsibility to employer, clients or profession.
24. A registered Engineer in his responsibility to his employer,

client or the profession shall have full regard to the public
interest.
Discharge of duties.
25. (1) A registered Engineer shall discharge his duties to his

employer or client as the case may be with complete fidelity.
ETHICAL ISSUES
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS REGULATIONS 1990
Reputation etc. of a Registered Engineer not to be injured.
26. A registered Engineer shall not maliciously injure or attempt to
maliciously injure whether directly or indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects or
business of another registered Engineer.
ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR CODE
OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
Five (5) Main SECTIONS for CODE of ETHICS
(27 Sub-Sections)
1/5. A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold

paramount the safety, health and welfare of the
public.
- 5 SUB-SECTIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR CODE
OF
(27 Sub-Sections)
2/5. A Registered Engineer shall undertake assignments only if he is qualified by
education & experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved.
2 SUB-SECTIONS
3/5. A Registered Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful
manner.
3 SUB-SECTIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR
CODE OF
(27 Sub-Sections)
4/5. A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer

or clients as faithful agent or trustee.
7 SUB-SECTIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR
CODE OF
(27 Sub-Sections)
5/5. A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself

honourably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to
enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the
profession.
10 SUB-SECTIONS
Managing Safety and Health importatnt because:

Moral and Ethical Issues
-Respect Human Resources - morale, commitment, image
-Respect their family pride,
Legal Issues
-Claims for compensation
-Disruption during the legal process
Financial Issues is not a JUST legal and moral obligation; it
also makes good business sense!!!!!.
-Increase of Insurance Premium
-Direct Cost
-Indirect Cost
OSHA ACT 1994
FACTORIES ACT 1967
THE ACTS - two most important
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994
WHAT ARE THE PROVISION UNDER THE
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
ACT 0F 1994
Do you know that it is the duty of our EMPLOYER under the

Occupational Safety and Health Act 0f 1994 to:
a) Ensure our safety, health and welfare at our workplace by:
the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are
safe and without risks to health;
making of arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to
health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and
transport of plant and substances;
the provision of such information, instruction, training and
supervision as is necessary to ensure the safety and health at work;
maintaining the workplace in a condition that is safe and without
risks to health and the provision and maintenance of the means of
access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks;
the provision and maintenance of a working environment which is
safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards to facilities for
our welfare at work.
b) Formulate safety and health policy:

as often as may be appropriate revise a
written statement of his general policy
with respect to the safety and health at
work;
arrangements for the time being in force
for carrying out the policy;
to bring the statement and any revision
of it to the notice of all of his employees.
c. Employ a competent person to act

as a Safety and Health Officer at the
place of work exclusively for the
purpose of ensuring the due
observance at the place of work of the
provisions of the OSHA and its
regulations and the promotion of a
safe conduct of work at the place of
work.
d) Establish a Safety and Health

Committee at the place of work if
there are 40 or more persons
employed at the place of work
e) Consult the Safety and

Health Committee with a view to the making
and maintenance of arrangements which will
enable him and his employees to co-operate
effectively in promoting and developing
measures to ensure the safety and health
at the place of work of the employees and
in checking the effectiveness of such
measures.
f) Notify the nearest Occupational Safety

and Health Office of any accident,
dangerous occurrence, occupational
poisoning or occupational disease which has
occurred or is likely to occur at the place
of work.
g. General duties of employers
and
self-employed persons to persons

other than their employees.
It shall be the duty of every employer and
every self-employed person to conduct his
undertaking in such as manner as to
ensure, so far as is practicable, that he and
other persons, not being his employees,
who may be affected are not thereby
exposed to risks to their safety or health
g. General duties of manufacturers, etc as

regards plant for use at work.
(1)
It shall be the duty of a person who designs, manufactures, imports or
supplies any plant for use at work(a) to ensure, so far as is practicable, that the plant is so designed and
constructed as to be safe and without risks to health when properly used;
..
(2)
It shall be the duty of a person who undertakes the design or
manufacturing of any plant for use at work to carry out or arrange for the carry
out of any necessary research with the view to discovery and, so far as
practicable, the elimination or minimization of any risk to safety or health to
which the design or plant may give rise.
Nevertheless, it is our duty as employees to:

a) Take reasonable care for the safety and health of ourself and of other
persons who may be affected by our acts or omissions at work;
b) Co-operate with our employer or any other person in the discharge of any
duty or requirement imposed on our employer or that other person by OSHA;
c) Wear or use at all times any protective equipment or clothing provided
by our employer for the purpose of preventing risks to our safety and health;
d) Comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health
instituted by our employer or any other person by or under OSHA or any
regulations made thereunder.
WHAT ARE THE PROVISION UNDER THE
FACTORY AND
MACHINERY ACT,
1967
FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967
Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE

Provisions relating to safety, etc
10. Without prejudice to any law with respect to
local authorities, in respect oaf any factory, the
following provisions relating to safety shall apply:
(a)
foundation and floor..
(e)
every openings, sump, pit or
fixed vessel in a floor , or working level shall be
securely fenced so as to prevent risk of persons
falling;.

Persons exposed to explosive, inflammable, etc.,
substances
11. In a factory in which persons are exposed to
risk of bodily injury from explosive, inflammable,
poisonous or corrosive substances or ionizing
radiations, such measures as may be prescribed
shall be taken as will eliminate the risk.

Lifting of weights
12. No person shall be employed to lift, carry or
move any load so heavy as to be likely to
cause injury to him

Construction of machinery
14. All machinery and every part thereof including
all fittings and attachment shall be of sound
construction and sound material free from defect
and suitable for the purpose and shall be properly
maintained

Projecting material
16. In respect to such machinery as may be
prescribed, any part of any material carried by
that machinery while it is working thereon which
projects beyond any part of the machinery
shall be effectively fenced unless it is in such a
position as to be safe to any person employed
or working on or renting the premises.

Machinery manufactured or repaired must
comply with regulations
18 (1) No person shall
manufacture, repair or install
machinery in such a manner
that it does not comply with
the provisions of this Act and
any regulations made
thereunder applicable to such
machinery

Provisions relating to health
22 (1) Without prejudice to any law to public health,
in respect of any factory the following provisions
relating to health of persons shall apply:
(a)every factory shall be kept in a clean state and
free from offensive effluvia arising from any drain,
sanitary convenience or other source
(b)the maximum number of persons employed at
any one time in any work-room in any factory shall
be such that the amount of cubic feet of space and
superficial feet of floor area allowed in the workroom for each person are not less than the amount
of cubic feet of space and superficial feet of floor
area prescribed either generally or for the particular
class of work carried on in
the work-room
PROVISION OF SAFE AND HEALTHY

WORK ENVIRONMENT THAT
ACCIDENTS AND ILLNESS CAN BE
PREVENTED IS A VERY IMPORTANT
ASPECT
IN ENGINEERING PROFESSION
Benefits of Good OSH

Reduced lost time
Reduced need to provide cover for personnel
absent from work because of injury
Reduce sick pay payments
Reduce need for time-consuming accident
investigation and consequent saving in management
time and production down-time
Reduced potential for prosecution and other
enforcement action by authorities
Reduction in the number of claims for
compensation by injured personnel
Benefits of Good OSH continue

Reduced employers liability insurance
premiums
Improved morals
Improved image of company, both in
terms of employer and competent
contractor
CASE STUDIES
ON
SUCCESSFULL
IMLPEMENTATION OF
HEALTH & SAFETY
PROGRAM
Case study - North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust

The board found itself facing service improvement targets. Using new
corporate and clinical guidance, it set about taking a 'whole systems' approach
to managing corporate risk, giving one of its directors responsibility for the
leadership of health and safety for the first time. Health and safety was also
made a key item on the board agenda.
This has resulted in a much better integrated health and safety management
system that increases the opportunity to identify and manage all corporate
risks, and a much more open culture, improving reporting and monitoring. The
board actively promotes a culture that gives staff the confidence to report
incidents.
This has resulted in:

incidence rates reduced by 16% over two years;
insurance premiums reduced by 10% - financial
implication.
Case study - British Sugar

The company had an excellent safety record and had no indication of the
devastating events that were to happen in one year three deaths occurred.
Although health and safety had always been a business priority, a change in focus
was needed to achieve behavioural change. This included:
the CEO assigning health and safety responsibilities to all directors, and
monthly reports go to the board;
creating effective working partnerships with employees, trade unions and
others;
overseeing a behavioural change programme and audits;
publishing annual health and safety targets, and devising initiatives to meet
them.
Results include:
time lost to injuries reduced by 43% over a two year period;
63% reduction in major issues over the course of a year;
much greater understanding by directors of health and safety risks.
Case study Mid and West Wales Fire

and Rescue Service
To give health and safety a high priority, Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue
Service recognised that it was critical for its leadership to demonstrate to its staff
that accountability for health and safety was a fundamental element in the success
of its overall service delivery. The director of service policy and planning was
nominated as the health and safety director for the service in order to clearly define
the importance this subject held within the organisation. The director implemented
a revised health and safety framework, which included a programme of fire station
visits to engage the workforce, and placed a renewed emphasis on improving
incident reporting, investigation and monitoring procedures.
The service has reported:
100,000 reduction in insurance liability premiums in one year through improved
corporate strategic risk management;
50% reduction in sickness absence through work related injury over a two year
period;
50% reduction in injury incidence rate over a three year period.
Case study Sainsbury's

An external health and safety audit identified a need to develop a unified approach,
and also recommended more direction from the board, to develop an effective
strategy.
The result was a radical revision of the company's approach, including:
the group human resources director creating a health and safety vision, supported by
a plan with targets over three years;
training on health and safety responsibilities was introduced for all board directors.
This has resulted in:

the board providing a role model for health and safety behaviour;
17% reduction in sickness absence;
28% reduction in reportable incidents;
improved morale and pride in working for the company;
raising the profile of health and safety so it is becoming embedded in the
culture of the organization.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/leadership/casestudies-success.htm
TECHNICALLY , THE GOAL OF

SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN
WORK PLACE IS TO ESTABLISH SAFE
WORK ENVIRONMENT
-AN ENVIRONMENT FREE FROM
HAZARD TO WORKER HEALTH AND
SAFETY
Safety and Health how it evolved

PREVIOUSLY, EMPLOYERS NOT CONCERN FOR SAFETY OF
WORKERS & IN FACT LITTLE INCENTIVE TO BE CONCERNED.
SAFETY PROGRAMS WERE IN FACT NONEXISTENT.
WHEN THE INDUSTRY IN THE WEST FACED WITH LABOR
SHORTAGES ESPECIALLY DURING WW1 AND WW2,
EMPLOYERS COULD NOT EFFORT TO LOSE WORKERS TO
ACCIDENTS OR ANY OTHER REASONS.
THIS LED TO GREATER OPENESS TO PROVIDING SAFETY A
SERIOUS CONSIDERATION BY EMPLOYERS

INDUSTRY BEGAN TO REALIZED THAT:
IMPROVED ENGINEERING COULD PREVENT ACCIDENTS
EMPLOYEES WERE WILLING TO LEARN & ACCEPT SAFETY RULES
SAFETY RULES COULD BE ESTABLISHED AND ENFORCED
FINANCIAL SAVING FROM SAFETY IMPROVEMENT COULD BE REAPED BY
SAVING IN COMPENSATION AND MEDICAL BILLS
WITH THESE REALIZATION AND INCENTIVES, EMPLOYERS

BEGAN TO PLAY ACTIVE ROLE IN CREATING AND
MAINTAINING SAFETY AT WORKPALCE THERE IS
ORGANIZED SAFETY PROGRAMS

THE ENGINEERING ASPECTS DESIGN IMPROVEMENT THAT
SIMPLIFIED MANUFACTURING PROCESS, MADE LESS DANGEROUS.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IS ENGINEERED IN WAYS THAT REDUCE
POTENTIAL HAZARDS.
EDUCATION ASPECTS SAFETY PROGRAM ENSURES EMPLOYEE
KNOW HOW TO WORK SAFELY, WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO DO SO,
AND SAFEY IS EXPECTED BY MANAGEMENT
ENFORCEMENT ASPECTS SAFETY PROGRAM MKING SURE
EMPLOYEE ADIBE BY SAFETY POLICIES, RULES, REGULATIONS,
PRACTICES & PROCEDURES

THEY ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCIDENT
PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN MODERN WORKPLACE
THE WIDELY USED TECHNIQUES IN ACCIDENT
PREVENTION PROGRAMS SUCH AS FAILURE
MINIMIZATION, FAIL-SAFE DESIGN, ISOLATION,
LOCKOUT, ETC ARE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF A
BROADER SAFETY PROGRAMs THAT HAVE EVOLVED
OVER THE YEARS (since 1800s).
Safety and Health .the terms

Safety means preventing accidents
or hazards from occuring
i.e Safety
Accident
Health means a state of complete

psychic, mental and social well being not
merely consist of an absence of disease
i.e Health
Illness
Hazard
HAZARD condition with the potential of causing:
Injury
Diseases
Damage to equipment or structures
Loss of material or lessening of the ability to
perform a prescribed function
Damage to the environment
Or a combination of the above
- It is something that can cause harm if not
controlled
- the outcome is the harm that results from an
uncontrolled hazard
Workers dont create hazards.

Hazards are often built into workplace.
Work processes can be designed to prevent

accidents and illnesses. Existing hazards
should be removed from the workplace.
When hazard is present, the

possibility of these adverse effect
(such as injury, diseases, damage
to equipment etc) occuring
exists. RISK
so..
Safety
Frequently defined as freedom from hazard

-NOTE: It is practically impossible to eliminate all
hazards.
-Safety is therefore a matter of relative
protection from exposure to hazards (the
antonym to danger)
What is Accident?
Unwanted and undesirable
Unexpected
Involves a deviation from what was intended, i.e.
a planned safe operation
Involves injury to people and/or damage to plant
and equipment or materials, including the
finished product - or at least the potential for
injury/damage (an event labeled a near
miss accident)
Involves a chain of events, rather than one
isolated event
Breakdown of Accident
Costs for the Industry
The costs can be categorized

into
- Direct cost
- Indirect cost
Direct costs
payment for work not performed;
medical and compensation payments;
repair or replacement of damaged
machinery and equipment;
reduction or a temporary halt in
production;
increased training expenses and
administration costs;
possible reduction in the quality of work;
negative effect on morale in other workers.
Indirect costs
The costs of an accident or illness can be
4 to 10 times greater than the direct costs,
or even more!
An occupational illness or accident can
have so many indirect costs to workers that
it is often difficult to measure them. One of
the most obvious indirect costs is the
human suffering caused to workers'
families, which cannot be compensated
with money.
Indirect costs
the injured/ill worker has to be replaced;
a new worker has to be trained and given time to
adjust;
it takes time before the new worker is producing at
the rate of the original worker;
time must be devoted to obligatory investigations,
to the writing of reports and filling out of forms;
accidents often arouse the concern of fellow
workers and influence labor relations in a negative
way;
poor health and safety conditions in the workplace
can also result in poor public relations.
THANK YOU

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EUT440

GROUP: SEM I 2013-2014

SAFETY & HEALTH

WHY OSH - BENEFITS

WHAT CONSTITUTE OSH

DIFFERENTIATE HEALTH &

RISK MANAGEMENT AND

MORAL & ETHIC

WHAT IS SAFETY AND HEALTH

SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM WHY?

OSHA 1994 Requirement

-Safety & Health Policy

Why Managing Safety and Health?

Milestones in the safety movement

Lessons Learnt from Bhopal tragedy?

Lessons Learnt from Bhopal tragedy?

Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

RATES OF OCCURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL

Frequency Rates of Occurrences of Occupational Accidents and

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR CATEGORY

*NPD Non-Permanent Disability

Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR

*PD Permanent Disability

Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR

Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX versus

National Competitiveness Index versus National Occupational Fatality

Why Managing Safety and Health?

23. Every registered Engineer shall at all times uphold the

24. A registered Engineer in his responsibility to his employer,

25. (1) A registered Engineer shall discharge his duties to his

1/5. A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold

4/5. A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer

5/5. A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself

Managing Safety and Health importatnt because:

OSHA ACT 1994

FACTORIES ACT 1967

THE ACTS - two most important

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

WHAT ARE THE PROVISION UNDER THE

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

Do you know that it is the duty of our EMPLOYER under the

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

b) Formulate safety and health policy:

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

c. Employ a competent person to act

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

d) Establish a Safety and Health

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

e) Consult the Safety and

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

f) Notify the nearest Occupational Safety

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

g. General duties of employers

self-employed persons to persons

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

g. General duties of manufacturers, etc as

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

Nevertheless, it is our duty as employees to:

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER OSHA 1994

WHAT ARE THE PROVISION UNDER THE

FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967