Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
IPOL 8512
Raindrop Equilibria
Raindrop Equilibria
Water molecules dissociate.
Carbonate Equilibria
If other sources of these species are present in
Gas Solubility
Henrys Law
Henry's law states that at a constant temperature, the
CO2 Solution
When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it exists in a
H2CO3 Equilibrium
Because H2CO3 is a diprotic acid, there is a second
Summary of Equations
pH Natural Water
Dissolution of solids
In a saturated solution of calcium carbonate, the rate of
solution and the rate of precipitation are equal, so the
system is at equilibrium. The equilibrium constant for this
process is called the solubility product, Ksp.
CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
Carbonate Buffering
Weathering reactions with carbonate minerals
Alkalinity
Alkalinity is a measure of the buffering or
Buffer Solutions
1 M HCO3-.
Alkalinity
Surface water with ANC 200 eq/L is normal;
Titration Curve
Coral Reefs
Coral reefs - among the most
fisheries,
coastal protection,
building materials,
new biochemical compounds,
tourism