ABHL|2DPH|PHAR3- Prelims Q3

ELIXIR
-

Hydroalcoholic oral solutions

Clear,
sweetened,
and
usually flavored to improve
taste
Non-medicated elixirs: used
as vehicles
Medicated Elixirs: Has API
Contains less sugars than
syrups- less effective in
masking the bitter taste
Advantage: has water-soluble
&
alcohol-soluble
components (since it is
hydroalcoholic character)
Adjunctive
solvents
(i.e.
glycerine & propylene glycol)
are commonly added to
manufactured elixirs
Great solvent in terms of
being of a vehicle
Disadvantage:
Increases the salinity of
the taste/ the bitter
taste of the product
Advantage: has a wide
range of solubilities
Co-solvents:
Glycerine,
Syrup, Propylene Glycol (help
increase the solubility of the
solute)
Should have a limit when
used as a vehicle: NLT 5%
NMT
40%
alcoholic
percentage
Self-preserving: 10%-12%

Solutes
are
simply
dissolved
in
the
solvent,
and/or
by
admixture of two or
more liquid ingredients
Aqueous
portion
is
added to the alcoholic
portion, followed by
subsequent addition of
the specified vehicle to
attain
the
required
concentration
Heat
is
not
used
because of the volatile
of elixir
2. Admixture of 2 or more
liquids
Ex. Iso-alcoholic Elixirs

ISO-ALCOHOLIC ELIXIR

METHODS:
1. SIMPLE
SOLUTION
AGITATION

WITH

~1~

o General
vehicles
for
pharmaceutical preparations
requiring a specified alcoholic
strength.
o Volumes need by low and
high alcohols are determined
by allegation
o In
making/preparing
the
alcohol, you add the nonalcoholic substance first
o Add high alcohol first to low
alcohol because high alcohol
will cause turbidity in the
solution
Low
Alcohol
Elixir

High
Alcohol
Elixir

Undiluted

None

Suitable as
vehicle for prep
of the ff soluble
strength
0-10%

ABHL|2DPH|PHAR3- Prelims Q3

4
3
2
1
1
1

volume 1 volume
10-20%
volume 1 volume
20-30%
volume 1 volume
30-40%
volume 1 volume
40-50%
volume 2 volume
50-60%
volume 3 volume
60-70%
None
Undiluted
>70%
o Ingredients Used:
Compound Orange Spirit
Alcohol
Glycerin
Sucrose
Saccharin
Purified Water

TERPIN
HYDRATE
SOLUTION

ORAL

o Terpin
Elixir,
Terpin
Hydrate Oral Solution
o 43% of alcohol does the
solution contain
o Use: expectorant
o Ingredients:
Terpin Hydrate
Alcohol
Orange peel tincture
Benzaldehyde- used as a
preservative
Glycerin- humectant, cosolvent, thickening agent
Syrup- (same w/ glycerin)
Purified Water
o Each 100 mL- NLT 1.53 g
NMT 1.87 g of terpin
hydrate

SPIRIT
-

Also known as essences

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic
solutions of aromatic or
volatile material

~2~

Clear, saturated solution

High alcoholic concentration
of spirits- usually 60% , due
to the grater solubility of the
volatility ingredient in alcohol
rather in water
Active ingredient: solid, liquid
or gas
Used as a flavourant or
medicinal.
Diluting the spirit with water
before oral intake reduces
pungent taste

METHODS
1. SIMPLE SOLUTION
Solutes
are
simply
dissolved in the solvent
2. SOLUTION BY MACERATION
Leaves are soaked in
alcohol to extract the
desired
volatile
substance
3. CHEMICAL REACTION
Ex. Ethyl Nitrite Spirit
4. DISTILLATION
Takes advantage of the
process
of
fermentation
->
sugar
in
the
raw
material is consumed
by the added yeast
resulting
to
the
formation of alcohol
Ex. Brandy- grapes;
Whiskeyfermented
mashed
of
wholly
fermented
melted
cereal grain

ABHL|2DPH|PHAR3- Prelims Q3

COMPOUND
SPIRIT

ORANGE

o Spiritus
Auronti
Compositus
o Each 100 mL- NLT 25 mL &
NMT 30 mL of the mixed
oils
o Use: flavouring agent
o Ingredients Used:
Orange Oil
Lemon Oil
Coriander Oil
Anise Oil
Alcohol qs ad
o Label: White (Internal Use)
o Container: 15-mL narrow
mouth amber bottle
o Method
Use:
Simple
Solution

o Ingredients Used:
Peppermint Leaves
Peppermint Oil
Alcohol qs ad
o Label: White (Internal Use)
o Container:
30-mL
narrow
mouth amber bottle

AROMATIC
SPIRIT

PEPPERMINT SPIRIT
o Essence
of
Peppermint,
Spiritus Menthos Piperitas
o Medicated Spirit
o Use:
Carminative
(for
flatulence),
nausea
&
vomiting
o Method Use: Solution by
Maceration
o Each 100 mL- NLT 9.0 mL &
NMT 11.0 mL peppermint oil

~3~

AMMONIA

o Smelling Salts, Sal Volatile,

Salt of hartshorn
o Hydroalcoholic solution that
is intended to be inhaled
o Each 100 mL- NLT 1.7 g NMT
2.1 g total NH3 content & NLT
3.5 g NMT 4.5 g (NH4)2CO3
o Use: Syncope (fainting), to
stimulate reflexes
o Ingredients Used:
Ammonium Bicarbonate
Strong Ammonia Solution
Lemon Oil
Lavender Oil
Alcohol
Purified Water qs ad
o Label: Red (External Use)
o Container:
30-mL
narrow
mouth amber bottle