Agbs Id 001

AGBS-ID-001
MANDO DE ADIESTRAMIENTO Y DOCTRINA
MDULO DE IDIOMAS
INGLS MILITAR
FECHA DE ENTRADA EN VIGOR: CURSO 2007-2008

DEROGA:
GRADO DE CLASIFICACIN: SIN CLASIFICAR
PARA USO INTERNO DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS
MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK
CONTENTS
U1: MILITARY EXPRESSIONS AND DAILY ROUTINE .....................................................1

U2: UNITS OF THE ARMY..................................................................................................3
U3: RANKS AND BRANCHES ...........................................................................................7
U4: UNIFORMS.................................................................................................................13
U5: WEAPONRY...............................................................................................................17
U6: ARMED FORCES .......................................................................................................21
U7: PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS .....................................................................................25
U8: ROES RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ........................................................................27
U9: PROCEDURE FOR RADIO COMMUNICATION ........................................................31
U10: MAP READING.........................................................................................................35
U11: MILITARY VEHICLES ..............................................................................................39
END OF BOOK TRIVIA QUIZ
UNIT 1
MILITARY EXPRESSIONS AND DAILY ROUTINE

DAILY ROUTINE
Standard Schedule - From Monday to Friday
Reveille/
Morning call
1st roll call
1st Mess Formation (breakfast)
Hoist the flag
Morning classes
2nd Mess Formation (lunch)
Afternoon class
Drill or Tutorial
Personal time
3rd Mess Formation (dinner)
Last roll call
Lights out
06:45a.m.
07:10a.m.
07:15a.m.
08:00a.m.
08:15a.m.-13:45p.m.
14:00p.m.
15:30p.m.
16:20p.m.
17:15p.m.
21:00p.m.
22:15p.m.
22:45p.m.
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the gaps using these words:

mess hall
get up
roll call
hoist
fall in line
orders
reveille
have
put on
salute
I ______________ at 6:45 a.m. when I hear the ______________ and I ______________ a

shower and shave. I ______________ my uniform. I hurry out to ______________ for my
______________. If I see a superior I have to ______________ him/her. I receive my
______________ for the morning. We _____________ the flag. When we finish we go to the
______________ to have breakfast.
EXERCISE 2
Listening: A Typical Daily Routine. Listen to an interview with a student at the NCO
military academy in Talarn and answer the questions
1. What time do the military students usually get up?
2. What physical exercises do the military students do?
3. What do the military students do after breakfast?
4. Do the military students study Nuclear, Biological and Chemical warfare?
5. What activities are there in the afternoon?
6. Do the military students have free time?
EXERCISE 3
Now read the interview and check new vocabulary
What time do you get up?

Each weekday begins at 6:45 with sounds of
reveille which is our early morning call. It is a signal
that tells all military students that they have 10
minutes to get up, make their bed and get dressed.
Then we have morning exercises.
What do the morning exercises consist of?

We do 30 minutes of PT which consist of 3kms running and
fitness exercises that include pull ups, push ups and other
exercises for different groups of muscles.
What do you do after your physical training class?

We return to our barracks, have a shower and get dressed.
Then, we go to the mess hall to have breakfast. After that,
we clean our rooms and we have to fall in line for morning
uniform inspection and at 08:00 we hoist the flag.
What time do your classes start?

The first class begins at 08:15 and the last class ends at 14:00. Subjects include Military Law,
Military History, Map Reading, Tactics Training, NBC and English.
What do you do in the afternoons?

After a 60-minute lunch break we have one more
afternoon class. This class can be followed by
tutorials, military formation to practice marching, drill
instruction or sport.
Do you have any free time after the classes?

We havent got much free time, some days we only
have half an hour. I usually go to the canteen and
have a drink and chat with my course mates.
What do you do in the evening?

We have dinner at the mess hall at 21:00, and then we go back to our barracks for a supervised
evening study period. Afterwards, we have time to relax, polish our shoes and prepare for the next
busy day. Finally, at 23:00 it's lights out!
EXERCISE 3
Use the above information to write about your daily routine at the NCO Academy.
MILITARY VOCABULARY AND EXPRESSIONS

SUBJECTS IN THE NCO ACADEMY.
-
Military History.
Military Law.
National Defence.
Communications Training.
Map Reading.
English.
Physical Training (PT).
Leadership Techniques.
Military Justice.
Personal and professional guidance.

Engine / Vehicles and Weapons Maintenance.
Teaching Method.
Military Doctrine.
Computing / Computer Technology.
Military Writings and Administration.
Tactics Training.
Shooting.
NBC (nuclear, biological and chemical).
Here is a list of the most typical military expressions and abbreviations.

ASAP: as soon as possible
AWOL: absent without leave
C2: command and control
COS: Chief of staff
DTG: date time group
ETA: estimated time of arrival
ETD: estimated time of departure
HQ: Headquarters
IFF: identification friend or foe
LZ: landing zone
MIA: missing in action
MRE: meal ready to eat
NLT: no later than
PC: command post
PZ: pick up zone
I am a soldier
Join the Army
Be posted to/in
Be promoted to
Go on a peace keeping mission
Hoist the flag
Lower the flag
Fall in line
Form the ranks
Stand at attention
March
Parade
Salute / return a salute
Be on duty / be off duty.
Dismissed!
Fall out!
At ease!
HOW TO REPORT IN CLASS
Class leader:
Major L.:
"Good morning, sir. 1st platoon ready for class. 12 cadets present, 4
absent. 1 cadet on duty, 2 in the dispensary and Cadet Martnez
missing."
"OK, good morning gentlemen. Be seated..."
Other Expressions
Nothing to report, Sir.
All present, Sir.
Two absent / missing, Sir.
There is one student missing.
There is one student on duty.
There is one student in the dispensary.
There is one student in hospital.
There is one student on leave / on sick leave
UNIT 2
UNITS OF THE ARMY

Army organization: unit size and role
The Army is organized into various units depending on its needs and situation. These units are
easier to describe if we think about the difference between administrative organization, operational
(or task-oriented) organization and battle groups (wartime or conflict-oriented units).
However, the groupings of units and some of the terminology also vary depending on the branch,
history and role of the unit.
Administrative organization:
Division: an administrative grouping of battalions or regiments. A division is responsible for all
administrative aspects of its units, from recruiting and promotions to long-term planning.
Regiment: one or more regular battalions and associated Territorial Army (reserve or militia)
battalions.
Battalion: typically composed of five companies (about 700 men in total) and commanded by a
Lieutenant Colonel.
Operational organization:
It is similar to administrative organization, but the battalions and regiments are organised into
groupings called brigades. A brigade is typically a grouping of five battalions or regiments. Three
or four brigades form an operational division, which has a specific operational task. However, the
specific organization will vary according to the mission and the units involved.
Battle groups
Battle groups are not permanent units. They are structured according to a specific task or mission.
A battle group is a sub-grouping of a brigade and is commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel. It is
composed of various units from the brigade - such as Infantry, Armour1, Artillery, Engineers and
possibly Aviation to accomplish its particular mission.
EXERCISE 1
Vocabulary translate
Battalion ____________
Company ___________
Platoon _____________
Squad _____________
EXERCISE 2
Listening: Listen to the sentences and fill the gaps

1. A _________ is composed of companies. It is usually under the command of a
_____________.
2. In the ____________ Military Academy in Talarn there are usually 3 ____________.
3. In each company there are usually three or four _____________ and they have their own
classrooms.
4. Each platoon is divided into _________ comprising of about 8 or 10 soldiers. A ______ is
usually sent on missions during _____________ for example during a Topography exercise.
1
Armour (GB), Armor (US)
ARMY UNITS AND SYMBOLS
TEAM
A team is the smallest combat unit.
SQUAD
A section is the basic building block of a unit and in most armies it is the smallest
military tactical unit. It is usually composed of 8 to 10 men and is normally under
the command of a Sergeant.
PLATOON
A platoon consists of three or four squads. The platoon leader is usually a
Lieutenant.
COMPANY
A company is larger than a platoon and smaller than a battalion. A company is
under the command of a Captain. There are two or more platoons in a company. In
artillery it is called battery.
BATTALION
A battalion is under the command of a Lieutenant Colonel. There are two or more
companies in a battalion.
REGIMENT
A regiment consists of a number of battalions, usually 3-5, plus a headquarters unit.
It is usually commanded by a Colonel.
BRIGADE
A brigade consists of varying numbers of battalions and supporting troops. The
commander officer of a brigade is a one-Star General or Brigadier General.
DIVISION
A division consists of a number of brigades or regiments (usually three) plus smaller
supporting units (battalions or companies). It is normally under the command of a
two-Star General or Major General.
CORPS
A corps usually consists of two or more divisions and smaller supporting units. It is
under the command of a three-Star General or Lieutenant General.
ARMY
An army is the largest unit of the forces. An army consists of two or more corps and
supporting troops. An army is under the command of a four-Star General or Full
General.

EXERCISE 3
Fill the gaps with the correct military term:

1. A ______________ has three or four squads. Its commander is usually a Lieutenant.
2. A ______________ is normally under the command of a Sergeant. An infantry
_____________ usually has between 8 and 10 men.
3. A _____________ has 2 or more platoons. The commander is called OC (Officer Commanding)
which is usually a Captain.
4. An Infantry _____________ has 2 or more companies. The commander is called the
Commanding Officer. The CO is usually a Lieutenant Colonel, his 2IC is a Major and the senior
NCO is the Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM)
EXERCISE 4
Say true or false

1. A squad has four men.
2. The squad commander is a Sergeant.
3. A company can have three platoons.
4. The company OC is a Captain.
5. A battalion can have nine regiments.
EXERCISE 5
Make sentences about the Army (Look at the Army Units and Symbols chart)
A squad has ___________ men. The commander is usually a ________________
A platoon has ___________ men. The commander is usually a ___________________
A company is under the command of a _____________.
A battalion is usually commanded by a ______________.
EXERCISE 6
Translation: Army Units

There are different names for units in different branches of the Army. Armour, Artillery and
Engineer units (including Signal units) equivalent to Infantry platoons are called troops.
Armour units and Engineer units equivalent to companies in the Infantry are called squadrons.
Artillery units at this level are called batteries.
Battalion size units and company size units are frequently grouped in regiments for example, 14th
Signal Regiment or 3rd Artillery Regiment. Regiments are commanded by a Colonel. Units may be
organised in a different way for combat. These groups are called battle groups or task forces.
RANKS AND BRANCHES
UNIT 3
RANK INSIGNIA - ENLISTED PERSONNEL
US ARMY
Senior NCOs
PAY
GRADE
INSIGNIA ABBR.
E-9
SMA
Command
Sergeant
Major of
the Army
E-9
CSM
Command
Sergeant
Major
E-9
SGM
Sergeant
Major
E-8
1SG
First
Sergeant
Junior NCOs
NATO
BRITISH ARMY
INSIGN
RANK
IA
OR9
Warrant
Officer
Class I
OR8
Warrant
Officer
Class II
MSG
Master
Sergeant
E-7
SFC
Sergeant
First Class
OR7
Staff
Sergeant
(Colour
Sergeant)
E-6
SSG
Staff
Sergeant
OR6
Sergeant
(3 years
seniority)
E-5
Sgt
Sergeant
OR5
Sergeant
E-4
Cpl
Corporal
OR4
Corporal
E-4
SP4
Specialist
Four
E-3
PFC
Private First
Class
OR3
Lance
Corporal
E-2
Pvt
Private
OR2
Private
(Classes 13)
Pvt
Private
OR1
E-8
Lower Enlisted
RANK
SPAIN
E-1
NO
INSIGNIA
Sdo. (En
formacin)
Private
(Class 4)
RANK INSIGNIA OFFICERS
NATO
US ARMY
PAY
GRADE
ABBR.
INSIGNIA RANK
BRITISH ARMY
INSIGNIA
RANK
OF-10
0-11
General
of the
Army
GOA
Field
Marshal
OF-9
0-10
General
Gen
or
GEN
General
OF-8
0-9
Lieutenant
General
Lt Gen
or
LTG
OF-7
0-8
Major
General
Maj Gen
or
MG
Major
General
OF-6
0-7
Brigadier
General
Brig Gen
or
BG
Brigadier
(Brig)
OF-5
0-6
Colonel
Col
or
COL
Colonel
OF-4
0-5
Lieutenant
Colonel
Lt Col
or
LTC
Lieutenant
Colonel
OF-3
0-4
Major
Maj
or
MAJ
Major
OF-2
0-3
Captain
Capt
or
CPT
Captain
0-2
First
Lieutenant
1Lt
Lieutenant
(Lt)
0-1
Second
Lieutenant
2Lt
Second
Lieutenant
(2/Lt)
OF-1
Lieutenant
General
WARRANT OFFICERS ( US ARMY ONLY)

Warrant
Officer 1
Chief
Warrant
Officer 2
Chief
Warrant
Officer 3
Chief
Warrant
Officer 4
SPAIN
EXERCISE 1
SPEAKING
Ask and answer questions about your rank.
Whats your rank? Im a Sergeant / My rank is Captain

EXERCISE 2
SPEAKING
Guessing game. Think of a rank. Students ask you questions and try to guess your
rank.
Are you a Sergeant? No, Im not/Yes, I am

Are you a ..?
Are you lower or higher than Corporal? Lower/higher
EXERCISE 3
Look at the CHART and write TRUE or FALSE.

1. General of the Army in the US Army is the same as Field Marshal in the British Army.
2. In the US Army the rank of Major General is higher than Brigadier General.
3. In the British Army the rank of Major is lower than the rank of Captain.
4. The NATO grade of a Major is OF-3.
5. The NATO grade of a Sergeant is OR-6.
6. The abbreviation for a Lieutenant Colonel is Lt Col.
7. The abbreviation for a Sergeant is SSgt.
EXERCISE 4
SPEAKING AND WRITING
Make your own sentences and practice with other students.

EXERCISE 5
Match the two columns.
OR-8
A. Soldado
OR-7
B. Sargento
OR-6
C. Soldado primero
OR-4
D. Sargento primero
OR-3
E. Cabo
OR-2
F. Brigada

EXERCISE 6
VOCABULARY
Write the ranks.

Lieutenant
Lance Corporal
Captain
Lieutenant Colonel
1 _____________
4 ___________
2 _____________
5 _____________
Major
Sergeant First Class
3 _____________
6 ___________
EXERCISE 7
SPEAKING
Work with a partner. Look at the CHART. Pointing at different insignias ask your
partner to name the ranks.
EXERCISE 8
Listening: Listen and label the pictures with ranks and names
1. ____________
4. _____________
2. _____________
3. ____________
5. __________ _________
6. ___________
10
BRANCHES
EXERCISE 9
VOCABULARY
Match the words with the symbols.

Infantry
1 __________
Armour
2 _________
Artillery
Engineer
3 _________
Medical
4 __________
5 __________
MORE BRANCHES (AMERICAN ENGLISH)

Combat Arms (CA) Branches: Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air Defense Artillery, Aviation.
Combat Support (CS) Branches: Corps of Engineers, Chemical Corps, Signal Corps. Military
Police Corps, Military Intelligence.
Combat Service Support (CSS) Branches: Adjutant Generals Corps, Finance Corps, Ordnance
Corps, Quartermaster Corps, and Transportation Corps.
Specialty Branches: Special Forces, Civil Affairs, Judge Advocate General (JAG), Chaplains,
Medical Corps.
Specialist Corps: Cuerpo de Especialistas.
EXERCISE 10
Military arm or branch of service and symbols. Match the branches and the definitions.
Signals
Medical
Artillery
Infantry
Engineer Corps
Transportation
Armour
Ordnance
A) _______________
It is a combat arm or branch of the Army. They are equipped with tanks and other vehicles. They
are equipped for mounted ground combat. A military tank is a self-propelled combat vehicle. Tanks
are enclosed in armour plate to protect the crew or group of men and are mounted on heavy
tracks. They are usually equipped with guns. Its military symbol is a tank track.
B) _______________
It is an arm or branch of service. They are equipped with guns and howitzers. It includes weapons
that are too large or too heavy to be classed as small arms. Its military symbol is a bullet or
projectile.
C) _______________
It is a technical branch of service. They take care of construction, demolition, road and bridge
building and camouflage. Demolition is the destruction of things by use of fire, water, or by
explosive, mechanical or other means. To camouflage is to change the appearance of things to
conceal them from the enemy. Its military symbol is a bridge.
11
D) _______________
It is a combat arm or branch of service. They are trained, equipped, and organized to fight on
foot. The rifle is their basic weapon, but they also use machine guns, mortars and grenades. Its
symbol is crossed rifles.
E) _______________
It is a corps or technical service. They are concerned with the health of individuals or the care and
treatment of patients. It is not a fighting force, it is a supporting service. Its symbol is the Geneva
Cross.
F) _______________
It is a military corps or technical service. It is concerned with communication, weather and
photographic work. It is a technical or supporting service. Its military symbol is a lightning flash.
G) _______________
It is a military corps or technical service. It is in charge of the movement of personnel and
materiel. Materiel is all items necessary for equipment, maintenance, operation and supply of
military activities. Its symbol is a wheel.
H) _______________
It is a corps or technical service. It is responsible for all weapons and ammunition used in warfare.
It is responsible for equipment or supplies used in servicing weapons. Servicing is keeping materiel
in usable condition. Its symbol is an exploding bomb.
EXERCISE 11
Match the two columns

1.The mission of the Engineers is
A. the Transportation Corps.
2.The mission of the Intelligence Corps is
B. the Infantry.
3.The mission of the Medical Corps is
C. to build roads and bridges.
4.The missions of the Signals unit is
D. to collect information about the enemy.
5.A wheel is the symbol of
E. the Engineers.
6. Crossed rifles is the symbol of
F. to provide medical support.
7. A bridge is the symbol of
G. to operate the communication systems.
EXERCISE 12
SPEAKING
Talk about the different branches in the Army

EXERCISE 13
WRITING
Write about the branches in your Army
Im in the Spanish Army. In my country, the Army has a/an armoured/artillery/aviation branch.
There isnt a/an signals/engineer/infantry branch. The mission of __________ is to _________.
12
UNIT 4
UNIFORMS
EXERCISE 1
VOCABULARY
Translate: UNIFORMS
U.S.
Battle Dress uniform (BDU)
Dress uniform
Service dress uniform
Best day or Mess uniform
MOPP suit
Flak jacket
BDU cap
Service cap
Garrison cap
Beret
Bonnie hat
G.B.
Combat uniform or Fatigues
Parade dress
Barrack dress
Mess kit
NBC suit
Combat Body Armour
Combat cap
Peak cap
Garrison cap
Beret
SPAIN
Chambergo
* MOPP = Mission Orientated Protective Posture (suit/outfit)

* NBC = Nuclear Biological Chemical (suit/outfit)
EXERCISE 2
Battle Dress Uniform

In this picture we can see a soldier in combat uniform running and shouting. He is wearing
webbing and a helmet with a camouflage cover and he is carrying an assault rifle with the
bayonet. He is probably taking part in a combat drill. He is a British soldier. He is wearing a
camouflage net around his neck, called the face veil. His uniform is composed of a combat jacket
and trousers and black leather combat boots.
helmet or Kevlar helmet
battle dress uniform BDU (AmE)

combat uniform or fatigues (BrE)
combat jacket (BrE)

fatigue jacket (AmE)
assault rifle or
SLR (Self Loading Rifle)
bayonet
combat trousers (BrE)
fatigue pants (AmE)
combat boots
13
EXERCISE 3
Dress uniform
This is a picture of two Spanish officers in dress uniform standing at attention.
peak cap
rank insignia
tie
name tag
service ribbons
or decorations
coat /
dress jacket
brass buttons
skirt
dress pants / trousers
tights
shoes
high-heeled shoes
EXERCISE 4
Read the text and translate the underlined words

SOLDIERS FIELD EQUIPMENT
A modern soldier wears and carries a variety of gear and equipment on the battlefield. The combat
uniform (also called fatigues) is normally camouflaged. It is composed of jacket and pants (or
trousers); both have deep side pockets. The headgear is a Kevlar helmet, which is sometimes used
with a camouflage net. Sometimes soldiers wear caps and berets. Combat boots are made of
leather.
The LBE (also called harness assembly or webbing) is for carrying packs and ammunition. It is
composed of several parts, such as a combat belt, suspenders with shoulder straps, ammunition
pouches, a holster for the pistol, etc. A flak jacket will protect the soldier from enemy fire or
shrapnel. Temporary shelter and bivouac outfit are always carried with the field pack. There is also
a larger backpack called a rucksack.
Kevlar helmet and
camouflage net
backpack
chin strap
combat boots
personal weapon
ammunition pouch
14
EXERCISE 5
Read the text

On exercises and operations, soldiers carry their individual weapon, ammunition, water, food and
protective clothing. Depending on the tactical situation, riflemen wear either fighting order or
marching order.
Fighting order consists of individual weapon, extra ammunition, and grenades, webbing, digging
tool, water bottle, combat rations and washing and shaving kit.
Marching order as before and also includes a rucksack or Bergen, beret, gloves, sleeping bag,
spare clothes and a towel.
EXERCISE 6
GAP-FILL
Complete the sentences below using the following words

report
alternative route
coordinate
combat patrol
time of return
challenge
reconnaissance patrol
time of departure
password
main route
rallying point
EXAMPLE - A patrol is a group of men sent out to obtain information or for combat.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A _________________ is sent out to get information.

A ________________ is sent out to fight in order to accomplish its mission.
The time when a patrol leaves on its mission is the _______________.
The time when a patrol arrives back from its mission is the _______________.
A _________________ is the location where the patrol members meet if they lose contact with
each other.
6. A _____________ is a demand for identification.
7. A patrol leader uses an alternative route when he cannot travel along his ____________.
8. A _____________ is usually made when you arrive at a checkpoint.
9. A _____________ is used for identification.
10. To ____________ with other units is to inform the units of your intended actions.
11. An _____________ is a line of travel other than the main one.
EXERCISE 7
Listening: A briefing for a patrol duty

You will hear a briefing by a superior for a patrol duty. Write down the time of departure, time of
return and a list of the equipment you need.
TIME OF DEPARTURE
TIME OF RETURN
EQUIPMENT
15

EXERCISE 8
HOMEWORK
10
CLUES ACROSS
1. You wear this on your head with your dress uniform. (4,3)
2. The word for stripe in Spanish. (5)
3. _________ of branch or rank or grade.(8)
4. A jacket made with heavy material with metal inside to protect against gunfire, a _________ jacket. (4)
5. You wear this on your head in the Academy. (5)
6. You wear fatigue _________ (U.S.) when you are in the field or on manoeuvres.(5)
7. Another word for 6 across.(8)
8. An item of clothing which is part of your uniform.(6)
9. You wear these on your feet. (6,5)
10. How do you say solapa de cuello in English? (5)
11. The General wore a red _________ around his waist.(4)
CLUES DOWN
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
This shows your rank. (5,2,4)

A type of knife, you carry it.(7)
This is a jacket, sometimes also called field jacket, gore tex, or outer jacket. (5)
An item of clothing that you usually have to iron. (5)
This is usually worn around your waist.(4)
Condecoraciones are called service _________ and decorations in English.(7)
Battle Dress, Gala, Fatigues etc. are all types of these.(8)
Small bags usually attached to the belt or kept in a pocket for example to keep your bullets in are called
_____ , ____________. (4,7)
A decoration worn on the shoulder of a shirt, jacket, or coat, especially by a soldier as part of a uniform,
or also a semi-detachable flap on the shoulders of a uniform jacket, designed to carry badges of rank or
insignia.(9)
You display your name on this on your uniform.(4,3)
This is a long piece of webbing or leather, which forms part of a soldiers load-bearing equipment or is
used to fasten objects together.(5)
Hombreras are sometimes called shoulder _________ in the U.S.(5)
You can place a sleep _____________ under the body to sleep on (instead of a bed) (3)
Peak and Service are types of __________. (4)
16
UNIT 5
WEAPONRY
EXERCISE 1
VOCABULARY: WEAPONS
Read the definitions and write the correct number next to each word.
1.
Any object which is used to kill, injure or destroy.
2.
4.
A weapon which is sent through the air by the application of

force.
A knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle. It is used in
handto-hand combat.
An automatic firearm which fires bullets in rapid succession.
5.
A small bomb designed to be thrown by hand.
6.
An artillery projectile consisting of a metal case filled with

explosive, which explodes on impact with the ground or when
detonated by a fuse.
An explosive projectile which contains its own propellant and
usually has a guidance system.
A short barrelled artillery piece designed to fire shells at high
trajectories.
An apparatus or vehicle from which a rocket is fired.
3.
7.
8.
9.
10. A metal or plastic case containing the propellant for a

projectile (and usually the projectile as well).
11. An explosive device which is put in or on the ground and is
designed to detonate when a person steps on it or a vehicle
drives over it.
12. An area of ground or sea in which mines have been put.
13. A simple indirect fire weapon designed to fire projectiles at
very high trajectories. They are normally used by the
infantry, and provide a unit with indirect fire support.
bayonet
cartridge
hand grenade
howitzer
machine gun
mine
minefield
missile
projectile
rocket launcher
shell
weapon
mortar
EXERCISE 2
Read the following sentences and check the meaning of the words in the keyword
table
Weapons can be classified according to several criteria: weight, range, rate of fire, use,
guidance system, trajectory.
There are flat trajectory weapons and high trajectory weapons.
Rifles, machineguns, handgrenades, mortars and antitank weapons are used by
infantrymen.
Guns and howitzers are the basic Field Artillery weapons.
Tanks and armoured vehicles are the key weapon systems used by Armour.
Missiles and anti-aircraft artillery are employed for self-defence against air strikes.
17
Combat engineers deal with mines, explosives and bridges.

Fire support implies the coordination of artillery, infantry weapons and close air support.
Ammunition is part of the weapon system. Projectiles, shells, grenades, rockets, missiles
and cartridges must be handled with care. Normally the ammunition is stored in an ammunition
complex.
Fire arms are guns which you hold in your hand such as pistols, rifles or assault weapons.
ENGLISH
air strike
air support
ammunition (ammo)
firearms
fire support
trajectory
guidance system
SPANISH
ataque areo
apoyo areo
municin
armas de fuego
apoyo de fuego
trayectoria
sistema de gua
ENGLISH
range
rate of fire
weapon system
weight
to aim at
to fire at / to shoot at
PARTS OF A RIFLE
SPANISH
alcance
cadencia de tiro
sistema de armas
peso
apuntar
disparar a
red-dot reflex sight
Designador (de punto rojo)
optical sight
G36K
Mira ptica
handguard
Guardamanos
pistol grip
Empuadura
folding stock
Culatn plegable
30-round magazine
Muzzle
Boca
flash suppressor
Bocacha apagallamas
Cargador de 30 cartuchos
carrying handle
receiver
Asa de transporte
Cajn de los mecanismos
Cocking/charging handle
Palanca de montar
buttstock
Culata
butt plate
Cantonera
ejection port
Ventana de expulsin
selector lever
Palanca selectora
trigger
Disparador
18
G36
barrel
Can

EXERCISE 3
Listening - Listen to Sgt. Wilson giving the fire commands at the firing range.
Put the pictures in order according to the instructions given
Listen again and answer the following questions:

1- Which position is ordered?
a) lying
b) kneeling
c) standing
d) at ease
2- How many shots is every soldier going to fire?
3- Whats the type of fire for the exercise?
a) short bursts
b) single shot
c) automatic
d) one shot
4- What does the last command imply? Explain.
19

EXERCISE 4
SPEAKING
Questions photo one.

Can you explain what you can see in the picture?
What is this machine for?
How does it work?
Have you ever been in one?
When is this form of transport used?
Questions photo two and three.

Describe these pictures.
What kinds of people use these weapons?
Can you see any signs of modern technical progress in the second photo?
Which of these weapons would you prefer and why?
In your opinion, which of these weapons are more effective?
20
UNIT 6
ARMED FORCES
EXERCISE 1
Read the text about the Armed Forces

The three main services of the Armed Forces are the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.
Traditionally, the army operates on land, the air force in the sky and the navy on the sea.
The armed forces exist to help the government of a country, giving protection from foreign armed
forces and also from internal conflict. Recently armed forces have also been used as emergency
civil support in post-disaster situations.
They consist of both military and paramilitary forces:
- The standing forces, which is a professional army that a country has all the time, not just in
war.
- The citizen army (also known as a militia or reserve army) with conscripts or reservists which
are only mobilised as needed.
When war comes, the standing forces and the citizen army form the wartime unit.
There are two main types of leadership position in the armed forces: officers and NCOs (noncommissioned officers). Usually, officers are in charge of organisation and strategy, and NCOs are
responsible for the implementation of that organisation or strategy.
THE ARMY: It is the branch of a countrys Armed Forces which operates on land. The Army can
be divided into different arms or branches:
Combat Arms: infantry (foot soldiers) and armour (light tanks and armoured
vehicles)
Combat Arms Support: artillery, engineers, signals, and intelligence corps.
Combat Service Support: logistics corps, army medical corps, and electrical
and mechanical engineers.
THE NAVY: It is the branch designated for naval warfare. The navy fleet includes:
aircraft carriers, battleships, destroyers, nuclear submarines and frigates.
The navy operates from a base, which is a port specialized in naval operations. During
times of war temporary bases may be constructed near strategic locations.
THE AIR FORCE: It is a military organization that operates in air-based war. They have
numerous types of aircraft, which include: fighters, bombers and attack aircraft,
reconnaissance aircraft, transport aircraft, helicopters, and others.
The operational unit of the Air Force consists of three groups:
- A group which is responsible for all the frontline attack aircraft
- A group which is responsible for frontline support aircraft (including
transport, air-to-air refuelling and information collection)
- A group which is responsible for maritime patrol, and search and
rescue.
The air force's crew is composed of pilots and personnel who are specialized in the maintenance
and communication of aircrafts and air bases.
Pilots wear blue-grey uniforms and a special insignia in the form of "wings".
21

EXERCISE 2
Put the words in the right column

vessel
bomber
infantry
submarine
pilot
sailor
soldier
tank
wings
warship
aircraft carrier
airman
fighter
fleet
land-based
destroyer
ARMY
NAVY
AIR FORCE
EXERCISE 3
Complete the sentences with these words

standing forces
army
navy
air force
conscript
warfare
militia
1. A group of ordinary people who are trained as soldiers to fight in an emergency. __________
2. A professional army that is engaged in preparing for warfare and fighting in a war _________
3. A soldier who is not part of a country's permanent army, but is trained to fight with the army if
necessary. __________
4. Soldiers who are trained to fight wars on land. They conduct battles mainly on the ground.
__________
5. The activity of fighting a war. __________
6. The part of a countrys armed forces that fight at sea. __________
7. The part of a countrys military organization that uses planes in fighting. ________
22
HOMEWORK: Attack on Pearl Harbour

Attack on Pearl Harbour
Combatants
Commanders
Strength
Casualties
(American and
Japanese)
Conflict: World War II, Pacific War

Date: December 7, 1941
Place: Pearl Harbour, Hawaii
Result: Japanese victory
United States - Japan
Husband Kimmel (USN), Walter Short (USA), Chuichi Nagumo (IJN)
8 battleships, 6 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, 390 planes, 6 carriers, 2
battleships, 3 cruisers, 9 destroyers, 441 planes, 5 midget submarines
2,403 servicemen killed; 68 civilians killed; 5 battleships sunk, 3 damaged; 3
cruisers sunk; 3 destroyers sunk; 188 planes destroyed, 155 planes damaged,
29 planes destroyed, 55 airmen killed, 5 midget submarines sunk, 9
submariners killed, 1 captured.
The Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbour on the morning of December 7, 1941. It was
a surprise attack aimed at the Fleet of the United States Navy and its Army Air Corps and Marine
Air Forces. Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku planned the attack, and Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo
commanded it.
Planning for an attack began in January 1941, and they started training for the mission by midyear. In the summer of 1941, Japan secretly created and tested torpedoes to launch them into
Pearl Harbour.
On November 26, 1941, a fleet including six aircraft carriers left Hitokappu Bay towards Hawaii.
With the task force were 2 battleships, 2 cruisers, 6 destroyers, and some fleet submarines. They
had a total of 441 planes, including fighters, torpedo bombers, dive bombers, and fighter bombers.
The attack took place at approximately 8:00 A.M., Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. There had
been no formal declaration of war. Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that
morning, including battleships, destroyers, cruisers and support ships. The attack lasted about 90
minutes. 2,403 American servicemen died and 1,200 were injured. The ships were sunk or
damaged. 188 aircraft were destroyed and 155 that were damaged. There were also 68 civilian
deaths. Fifty-five Japanese airmen and nine submariners were killed in action. 29 Japanese planes
were lost during the battle.
On December 8, 1941, the U.S. Congress declared war on Japan. Roosevelt signed the declaration
of war the same day.
Both the naval commander, Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, and the Army commander,
Lieutenant General Walter Short, were relieved of their commands after the attack. They were
charged with dereliction of duty for not making enough defensive preparations.
EXERCISE 4
Read the text and say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The attack on Pearl Harbour was predictable.

There were 2,471 Americans killed.
Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku commanded the attack.
In the summer of 1941 the Japanese were training for the attack.
There were only American casualties.
The U.S. declared war on Japan on December 7.
Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and Lieutenant General Walter Short were promoted in rank.
23
24
UNIT 7
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS
EXERCISE 1
READING
Read the text
UN peacekeeping: the first steps

Traditionally, UN peacekeeping meant the deployment of military personnel. The blue berets were
normally deployed in international conflicts after a truce was signed.
From 1948 to 1989 there were two main types of UN missions:
Observer missions with unarmed military observers. For example, the military observers
deployed in 1988 to monitor the ceasefire between Iran and Iraq.
Peacekeeping forces deployed in an area of separation or buffer zone. For example, the UN
soldiers deployed in 1974 after Israeli and Syrian forces stopped fighting.
Peacekeeping today
In the 1990s this idea of UN peacekeeping changed. Todays peacekeepers often deploy to stop
civil wars and missions are more complex and have more objectives. For example, UN troops
disarm and demobilize soldiers, help refugees return to their homes and clear mines.
In todays peacekeeping missions there are many more civilian peacekeepers, including police
officers, engineers, medical personnel and drivers.
These civilians build roads, schools and hospitals and they supervise elections. An example of this
kind of mission was the UN mission to Cambodia 1992-1993.
EXERCISE 2
Match the words with the definitions

area of separation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ceasefire
to demobilize
to disarm
refugee
truce
An agreement to stop fighting can be called a ___________ or ___________

Sides in a conflict dont deploy soldiers here. _______________
This person leaves his/her home because of war. _______________
When a soldier becomes a civilian. _______________
When you take away someones weapons. _______________
EXEERCISE 3
Match the two columns.

1. Sappers
a. Military mine clearance
2. A safe line
b. Soldiers with special training in mine clearance
3. Breaching
c. Humanitarian mine clearance
4. A minefield
d. A path clear of mines
5. De-mining
e. An area with mines
25

EXERCISE 4
TRANSLATE
UN peacekeeping: the first steps.

EXERCISE 5
SPEAKING
Discuss the following points:
Drinking alcohol or taking drugs when you are on duty
Respecting the laws and religion of the country where you are serving
Reacting emotionally
Talking to journalists without permission
Punctuality
EXERCISE 6
Listening: Listen and complete the chart.

ALWAYS
NEVER
26
UNIT 8
ROEs RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

Rules of Engagement (ROE) describe how and when force should be used to ensure the safety of
personnel and the success of the mission. Specific ROEs are established for each mission. United
Nations ROEs are developed by the force commander. The most fundamental idea is that armed
force should be used only as a last resort and that every section requires the use of minimum
force no more force than is absolutely necessary to accomplish the objective. To ensure
minimum force in tense situations, weapons are usually carried unloaded.
Some important principles regarding the use of force and ROEs are:
Deadly force: any force which may seriously injure or kill someone. This is only
authorised on peacekeeping missions if the lives of UN personnel are in danger.
Hostile act: an attack or use of force against UN personnel or those under the protection
of the UN.
Challenge: warning the hostile party and giving them the opportunity to withdraw or
cooperate before using force (for example saying United Nations - Halt or I shoot and
repeating it in the local language).
Self-defence: is any action to protect oneself, ones unit or non-UN personnel who are
being protected by the UN. All UN personnel have the right to defend themselves against
hostile acts, even if it means using deadly force. However, the minimum force necessary
should be used to defend oneself.
Positive identification of target: in any situation that calls for firing on the target,
soldiers should be able to identify the specific target by sight. Firing generally must be
single aimed shots (as opposed to automatic fire), no more rounds should be fired than
necessary, and soldiers should be careful not to injure anyone except the target.
EXERCISE 1
READING
Complete the text using these words.

fire
give
halt
identify
load
open
minimum
deadly
GENERAL
a) In all situations, you must use the __________force necessary.
b) Carry your weapon unloaded, with no round in the breech. Do not _________ your
weapon unless you are ordered to.
CHALLENGING
a) You must _________ a challenge before you open fire. Always give a challenge unless you
or others are under armed attack.
b) Challenge by shouting in English and then in the local language: UNITED NATIONS
___________ OR I SHOOT!
OPENING FIRE
a) You should only use _______ force if your life or the lives of others are in immediate
danger.
b) Only open fire against a vehicle if the driver is driving directly at a person.
c) If you have to __________ fire, fire only single aimed shots and do not ________ more
rounds than necessary.
d) You should only open fire if you can __________ your target. Firing must be controlled
not indiscriminate.
27

EXERCISE 2
Read the text again. Are these sentences true or false?

6. Soldiers must not open fire against vehicles unless their lives are in danger.
7. Soldiers must always give a challenge before they open fire.
8. Automatic fire is not authorised.
9. Soldiers must not open fire unless they can identify their target.
10. Deadly force is not authorised if you are under armed attack.
11. If your life is in immediate danger, open fire without a challenge.
EXERCISE 3
SPEAKING
ROEs situations - In groups, discuss and debate (giving reasons and quoting ROEs),
your answers and possible solution to each situation.
SITUATION 1
Incoming mortar rounds land near you. Counter mortar radar locates the mortars beyond the crest
of a hill. You cannot see them. Can you direct your mortar section to return fire?
a)
b)
c)
d)
No, you dont know if there are civilians near there.

No, it might be Al Qaeda and they are protected by CENTCOM.
Yes, you could die if you dont.
Yes, but you have to get eyes on the target first. Counter mortar and counter battery radar
are insufficient to obtain positive target identification (PID) and return fire.
SITUATION 2
FORCE TO PROTECT OTHER COALITION FORCES You observe hostile forces firing from behind
some rocks on a Canadian defensive position 50 metres away. Do you engage? If yes, why?
a) You should pass this information up the chain of command since it involves a Coalition
partner.
b) You must engage the hostile forces based upon collective self-defence you must defend
Coalition forces just as if they were Spanish Forces.
c) You may fire at the hostile forces in self-defence, since the Canadian forces are only 50
metres away from your position.
SITUATION 3
HOSTILE INTENT / HOSTILE ACT Youre manning a machine gun on a convoy moving through a
crowded street. A civilian vehicle is passing. Suddenly a man with an AK47 leans out the passenger
window and points the rifle at your convoy. What act or actions do you take?
a) Fire a warning shot in the air, but dont shoot at the individual pointing the weapon
because you could hit innocent civilians.
b) Fire well aimed rounds at the individual in an attempt to wound him, since he has not
actually fired at you.
c) Shoot to individual pointing the AK-47 using well aimed rounds shoot to kill.
28
SITUATION 4
AUTHORIZED TARGETS/HOSTILE FORCES - You are the point man of a squad and see an
armoured column moving down the road and parallel to your route of march. They do not see you.
You have anti-tank weapons and air on station. What do you do?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ignore it. It obviously didnt see you.

Fire immediately before it gets away.
Report it so the next unit can engage.
Be sure of the target, call up the anti-tank gunners and the FO/FAC to get the right
weapons on target, and engage.
SITUATION 5
AUTHORIZED TARGETS - You are riding in one of those nice new 7 ton vehicles and are entering
Al Kut. Iraqi forces shoot at you from within the local power plant. You want to shoot back with all
the weapons you have to include a 50 cal and AT-4s that the troops on board have. You are the
senior man. You know this will mess up the plant. What are your orders?
a) Open Fire. You are defending yourself from the Iraqis firing at you from inside the power
plant; the power plant is just in the way.
b) Power plants are economic objects that require CENTCOM permission to strike.
c) The MEF CG has to approve.
d) Fire the 50 cal but not the AT-4s as that would cause too much damage.
SITUATION 6
DETENTION OF CIVILIANS - Your company enters a WMD research facility. You are a squad
leader. Half way through the securing of the plant, one of your LCpls brings you a senior scientist.
What do you do with him?
a) Leave him alone. Counsel your LCpl. Never touch civilians unless they are trying to hurt or
kill someone.
b) You may temporarily detain the scientist to get his name and address, but you must
release him within hours.
c) Working in a WMD facility demonstrates hostile intent. You may shoot him as a hostile.
d) You detain this scientist and seek guidance on where to transport him for purposes of
interrogation.
EXERCISE 4
Listening: Marines rules. Listen and complete the blank spaces

1. Fight only __________ combatants.
2. Do not _________ enemies who surrender disarm and turn them over to superiors
3. Do not kill or __________ POWs.
4. Collect and care for ALL __________ friendly and enemy.
5. Do not attack __________ personnel, facilities or equipment.
6. Destroy no __________ than mission requires.
7. Treat all __________ humanely.
8. Respect private property and possessions no __________.
9. __________ all violations of the Law of Armed Conflict that you can and __________ all
violations to your superiors.
29
30
UNIT 9
PROCEDURE FOR RADIO COMMUNICATION

EXERCISE 1
VOCABULARY
PROWORDS= Procedure Words

PROWORD
MEANING
ACKNOWLEDGE
LET ME KNOW THAT YOU RECEIVED AND UNDERSTOOD THIS MESSAGE
CORRECTION
I MADE AN ERROR IN THIS TRANSMISSION. THE CORRECT INFORMATION IS
FIGURES
NUMERALS OR NUMBERS FOLLOW
I READ BACK
THE FOLLOWING IS MY RESPONSE TO YOUR INSTRUCTION TO READ BACK
I SAY AGAIN
I AM REPEATING TRANSMISSION (OR PORTION) INDICATED
I SPELL
I WILL SPELL THE NEXT WORD PHONETICALLY
I VERIFY
THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE (OR PORTION) HAS BEEN VERIFIED AT YOUR REQUEST AND IS
REPEATED
OUT
THIS IS THE END OF MY TRANSMISSION TO YOU AND NO ANSWER IS REQUIRED OR EXPECTED
OVER
THIS IS THE END OF MY TRANSMISSION TO YOU AND A RESPONSE IS NECESSARY. GO AHEAD;

TRANSMIT
10 READ BACK
REPEAT THE ENTIRE TRANSMISSION BACK TO ME EXACTLY AS YOU RECEIVED IT
11 ROGER
I HAVE RECEIVED YOUR LAST TRANSMISSION SATISFACTORILY
12 SAY AGAIN
REPEAT ALL OF YOUR TRANSMISSION
13 SILENCE
CLOSE (STOP) TRANSMISSION IMMEDIATELY
14 SILENCE LIFTED
RESUME (START) NORMAL TRANSMISSION
15 SPEAK SLOWER
REDUCE SPEED OF TRANSMISSION
16 WAIT-WAIT-WAIT
PAUSE FOR A FEW SECONDS
17 WAIT OUT
PAUSE AND I WILL CALL YOU WHEN READY
16 WILCO
I HAVE RECEIVED YOUR MESSAGE AND I WILL COMPLY
Who is sending the message?

Who has to receive the message?
EXAMPLE:
TO ALPHA- THIS IS CHARLIE- RADIO CHECK- OVER
TO CHARLIE FROM ALPHA- ROGER- OVER
31
THIS IS BRAVO
FROM BRAVO ...
TO ALPHA

EXERCISE 2
VOCABULARY
Answer the questions related to the chart above.

1. A transmission is too fast for you. What do you say?
2. You want to end a transmission and expect a response. What do you say?
3. How do you say I received your message and I will comply?
4. Whats the PROWORD for the sentence, Ive received your last transmission satisfactorily?
5. Who is sending the message in the example?
EXERCISE 3
VOCABULARY
Reporting enemy information

Such reports should answer the questions WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN. It is best to use the
SALUTE format.
S
A
L
U
T
E
SIZE
ACTIVITY
LOCATION
UNIT
TIME
EQUIPMENT
EXAMPLE
A2
ALPHA1 FROM ALPHA2

CONTACTWAIT OUT
A2
ALPHA1 FROM ALPHA2

ARMOURED SECTION
SITTING IN TURRET DEFILADE
LOCATION 243671
CONTACT AT 1315 HOURS
4 ENEMY TANKS
OVER
A1
ALPHA2 FROM ALPHA1

ROGER OUT
Size/unit
Activity
Location
Time
Equipment
32

EXERCISE 4
Report about enemy activity

You are a Section Leader (TANGO 10) in an overseas mission. Use the information to send a report
to your HQ (TANGO 00).
20
N
H
19
18
10
11
p.m.
12
EXERCISE 5
SPEAKING
Work in pairs. Transmit your REPORT to your partner.

EXERCISE 6
VOCABULARY
USEFUL WORDS
MEANING
MAYDAY
IMMEDIATE HELP IS REQUESTED, THIS CALL HAS PRIORITY AND IT IS ADDRESSED TO ALL
STATIONS
PAN PAN
AN URGENT MESSAGE IS TO FOLLOW
VICINITY
LOCATION IS NEXT TO
STATIONARY
I AM STOPPED AT
MOBILE TO
I AM MOVING TO
BYPASSING
I AM NEGOCIATING AN OBSTACLE ON MY WAY
CLOSING DOWN
I AM GOING TO SWITCH OFF MY RADIO SET
AUTHENTICATION/
AUTHENTICATE
REQUEST IDENTIFICATION
EXERCISE 7
Listening: Listen to two radio messages write them down.
EXERCISE 8
Write a message and report it to your partner.

Where? What has happened? Message?
33
34
UNIT 10
MAP READING
The ability to read and understand a map is an important professional qualification for every
soldier. An excellent knowledge of map reading is essential to a soldiers military career. Map
reading is one of the most important skills that you must develop as a soldier. A good map reader
can look at any terrain and imagine how the landscape is. A mistake in map reading can lead
troops into impassable terrain or expose them to the enemy.
Grid references
Military maps divide the landscape into squares, indicated by grid lines. Map readers can indicate
an exact location easily, by using reference numbers which specify a particular grid square.
Saying grid references:
We say grid and then we say the numbers individually. For
example; there is a hill at grid 785003
There are four-figure references (e.g. 7800), but for more
precision, a grid can be divided into subsections. Then sixfigure references are used (e.g. 785003).
To give a grid reference or coordinate, first say the numbers on
the bottom of the map, and then say the numbers up the side
of the map.
Terrain features
Terrain features are divided into two categories:
Five major: ridge, hill, saddle, valley, depression
Three minor: draw, spur, cliff
RIDGE: A long narrow line on top of a

mountain or group of mountains.
HILL: A point or small area of high ground

from which the ground slopes down in all
directions. Similar to a mountain, but much
smaller and lower
SADDLE: A low point along a ridge crest;

lower ground between two hill tops
35
VALLEY: An area of low ground bordered on

the sides by hills or mountains, usually with a
river running through it.
DEPRESSION: A low point or hole in the

ground with higher ground on all sides.
SPUR: A ridge extending from a hill or

mountain into lower ground
DRAW: A small valley coming down the

mountainside. A draw is like a valley but
normally has less developed stream course
than a valley.
CLIFF: A vertical or near vertical slope. It is

an abrupt change of the land.
EXERCISE 1
Identify the terrain features and write the name next to each number
123456-
36

EXERCISE 2
Listen and write the features on the map below
EXERCISE 3
Look at the map and find the features at these

coordinates
1. 183225 _______________________
2. 164234 _______________________
3. 179215 _______________________
4. 178253 _______________________
EXERCISE 4
Listening A company commander briefs his platoon leaders.

Listen and write the locations, then
mark them on the map.
1. 1st platoon will deploy in

firing positions at grid
__________
2. 2nd platoon will assault from
grid __________
3. The communication centre is
at grid __________
4. There are minefields at grid
__________
37
38
UNIT 11
MILITARY VEHICLES
INTRODUCTION
Armoured fighting vehicles are classified according to their intended role on the battlefield and
characteristics. This classification is not absolute; at different times different countries will classify
the same vehicle in different roles. For example, armoured personnel carriers were generally
replaced by infantry fighting vehicles in a very similar role, but the latter has some capabilities
lacking in the former. Successful armoured fighting vehicles often also serve as the base of a
whole family of specialised vehicles, e.g. the M113 family.
Read the following texts on some of the main military vehicles.
EXERCISE 1
Translate the underlined words in the text.

Main Battle Tank (MBT)
A tank is a (1) tracked, armoured combat vehicle or an (2) armoured
fighting vehicle, designed primarily to engage enemy forces by the
use of (3) direct fire.
A modern (4) main battle tank is distinguished by its high level of
(5) firepower, (6) mobility and (7) armour protection . It can cross
comparatively (8) rough terrain at high speeds, but it uses a lot of
fuel and ammunition. Also it needs a lot of maintenance and is
logistically demanding. It has the heaviest (9) armour of any vehicle
on the battlefield, and carries a powerful weapon that may be able to engage a wide variety of
(10) ground targets. It is among the most versatile and fearsome weapons on the battlefield,
valued for its (11) shock action against other troops and high survivability.
EXERCISE 2
Read the text and answer the questions below

Armoured personnel carrier (APC)
Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting
vehicles for the transport of infantry. They usually have only a
machine gun although variants carry recoilless rifles, anti-tank guided
missiles (ATGMs), or mortars. They are not really designed to take
part in a direct-fire battle, but to carry the troops to the battlefield
safe from shrapnel and ambush. They may have wheels or tracks.
Examples include the American M113 (tracked), the British FV 432
(tracked) the French VAB (wheeled) and the Soviet BTR (wheeled).
1. What does the abbreviation APC stand for?
2. What are they not designed to do?
3. What is their main purpose?
39

EXERCISE 3
Read the text and answer true or false

Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)
Modern IFVs are well-armed infantry carriers. They are different from
earlier APCs because they have heavier armament which allows them
to give direct-fire support during an assault. Another improvement is
their firing ports which allow the infantry to fire personal weapons
while mounted. Another difference is their improved armour. They
are typically armed with a twenty-millimetre or larger autocannon,
and possibly with anti tank guided missiles (ATGMs)
IFVs are usually tracked, but some wheeled vehicles fall into this category, too. Speciallyequipped IFVs have taken on some of the roles of light tanks; they are used by reconnaissance
organizations, and light IFVs are used by airborne units which must be able to fight without the
heavy firepower of tanks.
1. IFVs are always tracked.
2. IFVs are usually armed with 20mm or bigger auto cannon and sometimes ATGMs.
3. Some types of IFVs are carried in airplanes.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the text below with the following words.

durable largely served light organizations
High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
The M998 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
(HMMWV or Hummer) is a highly (1) ________ military
motor vehicle. It has (2) ______ supplanted the role
formerly (3) ______ by the Jeep and other (4) _______
trucks with the United States military, and is also used by a
number of other countries and (5) __________.
General Characteristics (M998)
Manufacturer:
Length:
Width:
Height:
Ground clearance:
AM General
15 ft (4.6 m)
7 ft (2.1 m)
6 ft (1.8 m), reducible to 4.5 ft (1.4 m)
16 in (41 cm)
Speed:
Range:
MPG:
Crew:
over 70 mph (120 km/h)

350 miles highway (over 550 km)
8-10
2-4
EXERCISE 5
Listening Tanks
Listen to the speakers talking about tanks and tick in the table.
ABRAMS M1A2
LECLERC
SHOOTING SYSTEMS
GOOD ARMOUR
HIGH FUEL
CONSUMPTION
LONG RANGE FIRING
BIG GUN
ACCURATE FIRING
SPEED
40
LEOPARD 2
CHALLENGER 2
EXERCISE 6
DIAGRAM: Label the picture with the following words:

TRACKS
CUPOLA
PERISCOPE/GUNSIGHTS
41
BARREL
SIDE SKIRT
ROAD WHEELS
42
END OF BOOK MILITARY TRIVIA QUIZ

LISTENING
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
7-
8-
a)
b)
c)
d)
Reveal (Signals)
A morning call (Military expressions)
A part of a tank (Military vehicles)
A type of medal (Uniforms)
9-
a)
b)
c)
d)
A
A
A
A
10-
a)
b)
c)
d)
The
The
The
The
a)
b)
c)
d)
Corporal
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Captain
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nuke and Biological Chemistry

Nuclear, Biological Warfare
Nuclear, Biological and Chemistry type Q
Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mobile
Mobile
Mobile
Mobile
a)
b)
c)
d)
His
His
His
His
a)
b)
c)
d)
Uniforms
Caps
Boots
Duties
type of uniform (Uniforms)

part of a gun (Weapons)
type of hat (Uniforms)
list of names (Military expressions)
British cross
Russian cross
Geneva cross
Belgium cross
12-
are
are
are
are
Time
Time
Time
Time
of
of
of
of
departure
reach
arrival
return
a) The person
mess hall
b) The person
c) The person
d) The person
Signals
is talking about a dinner in the

is talking about a new uniform
is talking about a battle
is talking about a new radio for
11-
13-
Office Particle Points

Overcoat Particle Protection
Orientated Protective Portable
Orientated Protective Posture
trousers
trousers
trousers
trousers
a)
b)
c)
d)
14-
a mixture of colours
blue
dress trousers
new
15-
a)
b)
c)
d)
This
This
This
This
is
is
is
is
from the chapter on ROES

from Weapons
from Military Vehicles
from Radio Communication
a)
b)
c)
d)
Listen
Say I verify
Say Wilco
Say Acknowledge
a)
b)
c)
d)
A
A
A
A
spur
hill
saddle
ridge
a)
b)
c)
d)
A
A
A
A
valley
hill
depression
saddle
a)
b)
c)
d)
In the mess hall

In a gun shop
On a tank
In the Fighting Order kit.
CALCULATE YOUR SCORE

12-15: Excellent! You are an expert on Military English.
8-11: Its OK, but dont forget to revise the book regularly
4-7: Poor. You need to revise most parts of the book.
0-3: Awful. Read the book again.
43

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MANDO DE ADIESTRAMIENTO Y DOCTRINA

FECHA DE ENTRADA EN VIGOR: CURSO 2007-2008

PARA USO INTERNO DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

U1: MILITARY EXPRESSIONS AND DAILY ROUTINE .....................................................1

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

MILITARY EXPRESSIONS AND DAILY ROUTINE

Fill in the gaps using these words:

I ______________ at 6:45 a.m. when I hear the ______________ and I ______________ a

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

Now read the interview and check new vocabulary

What time do you get up?

What do the morning exercises consist of?

What do you do after your physical training class?

What time do your classes start?

What do you do in the afternoons?

Do you have any free time after the classes?

What do you do in the evening?

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

MILITARY VOCABULARY AND EXPRESSIONS

Personal and professional guidance.

Here is a list of the most typical military expressions and abbreviations.

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

UNITS OF THE ARMY

Listening: Listen to the sentences and fill the gaps

Armour (GB), Armor (US)

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

ARMY UNITS AND SYMBOLS

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

Fill the gaps with the correct military term:

Say true or false

Translation: Army Units

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

RANKS AND BRANCHES

RANK INSIGNIA - ENLISTED PERSONNEL

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

RANK INSIGNIA OFFICERS

WARRANT OFFICERS ( US ARMY ONLY)

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

Ask and answer questions about your rank.

Whats your rank? Im a Sergeant / My rank is Captain

Are you a Sergeant? No, Im not/Yes, I am

Look at the CHART and write TRUE or FALSE.

Make your own sentences and practice with other students.

Match the two columns.

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

Write the ranks.

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

Match the words with the symbols.

MORE BRANCHES (AMERICAN ENGLISH)

MILITARY ENGLISH BOOK

Match the two columns

A. the Transportation Corps.

2.The mission of the Intelligence Corps is

3.The mission of the Medical Corps is

C. to build roads and bridges.

4.The missions of the Signals unit is

D. to collect information about the enemy.

I at 6:45 a.m. when I hear the and I __ a

An agreement to stop fighting can be called a _ or _