Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Sedimenta-onLecture4
CH2040MechanicalOpera-ons
BasavarajM.Gurappa
Departmentofchemicalengineering
IITMadras
SeGlingofasuspensionofpar-cles
Simple analysis for the uid par-cle interac-on for a single
par-cle is no longer valid because the mo-on of par-cles
are inuenced by the presence of the others. However,
models developed for single par-cles can be adopted for
mul-plepar-clesystem.
For a suspension of par-cles in a uid, Stokes law can be
assumed to apply but eec-ve suspension viscosity and
eec-veaveragesuspensiondensityareused
Eec&veviscosity e =
f ( )
isthevoidageorvolumefrac-on
oftheuid
AveragesuspensionDensity avg = f + (1 ) p
SeGlingofasuspensionofpar-clesStokeslaw
Eec&veviscosity e =
f ( )
AveragesuspensionDensity avg = f + (1 ) p
24
24
24 e
CD =
=
=
Re p D pU rel avg D pU rel avg
e
U rel istherela-vevelocityofthepar-cletotheuid
UnderterminalseGlingcondi-onsforapar-clefallingundergravityina
suspension,theforcebalance
SeGlingofasuspensionofpar-clesStokeslaw
UnderterminalseGlingcondi-onsforapar-clefallingundergravityina
suspension,theforcebalance
D
p
2
4 2 avgU rel C D = ( p avg ) 6 g
FD / Ap
CD =
2
avgU rel
2
D p2 1
D
24 e
p
2
4 2 avgU rel D U = ( p avg ) 6 g
p rel avg
U rel = ( p avg )
D p2
18 e
SeGlingofasuspensionofpar-clesStokeslaw
D p2
U rel = ( p avg )
g
18 e
andavg = f + (1 ) p
Subs-tu-ng e =
f ( )
WegetanexpressionfortheterminalseGlingvelocityforapar-cleina
suspension
U relT = ( p f )
D p2 g
18
f ( )
IfwecomparethisexpressionwithterminalseGlingvelocityofasingle
par-cleinauid,
U relT = UT f ( )
U relT isthepar-cleseGlingvelocityinthepresenceofotherpar-clesor
thehinderedseGlingvelocity
BATCHSETTLING
Objec-vemodelingSeGlinguxin
1. ZoneBhinderedseGling
2. ZoneCTransi-onLayer
BATCHSETTLING
Se#linguxasafunc0onofsuspensionconcentra0on(ZoneB)
When a batch of solids in suspensions are allowed to seGle, say in a
measuring cylinder in the laboratory, there is no net ow through the
vesselandtherefore
Qp + Q f = 0
Qf
Whereandarethevolumeowratesoftheuidandthepar-cles
Qp
U p (1 ) + U f = 0
Whereandaretheactualvelocityoftheuidandthepar-cles
Uf
Up
BATCHSETTLING
SupercialFluidVelocity U =
fs
SupercialPar-cleVelocityU
ps
Qf
Assump-onbothuidandpar-cles
areincompressible
Qp
A
Qf
Whereandarethevolumeowratesoftheuidandthepar-cles
Qp
andisthevesselcrosssec-onalarea
A
Theowareaoccupiedbytheuid()andthepar-cles()are:
Af
Ap
A f = A
Ap = A(1 )
BATCHSETTLING
SupercialFluidVelocity U =
fs
Qf
SupercialPar-cleVelocityU ps =
A
Qp
Assump-onbothuidandpar-cles
areincompressible
(1)
Qf
Whereandarethevolumeowratesoftheuidandthepar-cles
Qp
andisthevesselcrosssec-onalarea
A
Theowareaoccupiedbytheuid()andthepar-cles()are:
Af
Ap
A f = A
Ap = A(1 )
(2)
Fromtheequa-onofcon-nuity,
Q f = U pf A = AU f
Q p = U ps A = (1 )AU p
Up
U f theactualveloci-esoftheuidandforthepar-cles
BATCHSETTLING
Fromtheequa-onofcon-nuity,
Q f = U pf A = AU f
Q p = U ps A = (1 )AU p
Where,theactualveloci-esoftheuid()andthepar-cles()are:
Uf
Up
Uf =
U fs
Up =
Qp + Q f = 0
U ps
1
(1 )
U f = U p
U p (1 ) + U f = 0
InhinderedseGlingundergravity,therela-vevelocitybetweenpar-cles
andtheuid,()is.
U p U p U rel
T
BATCHSETTLING
U p U f = U relT = UT f ( )
(1 )
U f = U p
(1 )
Up + Up
= UT f ( )
U p = UT 2 f ( )
f ( ) = 2.5 Einstein (1 ) < 0.1
f ( ) = 2.65 for Re p < 0.3 Richardson Zaki
f ( ) = 0.4 for Re p > 500
Newtons law
BATCHSETTLING
Ingeneral,U p = UT n
Khan and Richardson recommended the following expression over
en-rerangeofReynoldsnumber.
0.27
4.8 n
p
= 0.043Ar 0.57 1 2.4
D
n 2.4
WhereDisthediameterofthevesseland
Ar =
D p3 f ( p f )g
isArchimedesnumber
BATCHSETTLING
U p = UT n
ThereforevolumetricsolidsseGlingux,U ps
Q p = U ps A = (1 )AU p
U ps = U p (1 )
U ps = UT (1 )
FluxVolumeowrateperunitarea
n
Dimensionlesspar-cleseGlingux,
U ps
UT
= (1 ) n
BATCHSETTLING
Dimensionlesspar-cleseGlingux,
U ps
UT
= (1 ) n
BATCHSETTLING
SharpInterfacesinSedimenta0on
Interfacesordiscon-nui-esinconcentra-onoccurinthesedimenta-on
orseGlingofpar-clesuspensions
BATCHSETTLING
SharpInterfacesinSedimenta0on Figure shows an interface between
a suspension of concentra-on C1
containing par-cles seGling at a
velocity Up1 and a suspension of
concentra-on
C2
containing
par-clesseGlingatavelocityUp2
C=1=par-cleconcentra-onorvolumefrac-on
The interface is falling at a velocity Uint. All veloci-es are measured
rela-vetothevesselwalls.Assumingincompressibleuidandpar-cles,
themassbalanceovertheinterfacecanbewriGenas
BATCHSETTLING
SharpInterfacesinSedimenta0on
(U p1C1 U p2C2 )
C1 C2
U int =
(U ps1 U ps 2 )
C1 C2
Par-clevolumetricux
U int =
U int =
dU ps
dC
U ps
C
C 0