DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Unit Wise Important Questions

PART A (Short Answer Questions)

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List the advantages of DBMS?

List the database Applications?
Define instances and schemas of database?
Discuss Data Independence?
Explain database Access for applications Programs
Define (i) Database (ii) DBMS
Explain about Database storage structure?
Discuss Transaction management?
Explain the Query Processor?
Define (i) Entity (ii) Attribute
Define Relationship and Relationship set?
Discuss about Data Definition language?
Discuss about Data Manipulation language?
Explain about querying relational data?
Explain the History of Data base Systems?
Discuss how can you change the data in the table?
List various types of attributes?
Discuss How can you alter and destroy tables?
UNIT II
Define relational database query?
State about SELECT operation in Relational algebra?

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State about PROJECT operation in Relational algebra?

Define Aggregate Functions?
Discuss the use of rename operation?
Illustrate division operation?
Discuss the basic form of SQL query?
Define Null Values.
Define tuple variable with its syntax?
Define Dynamic SQL?
Define Assertions?
Discuss about trigger?
Demonstrate how to add a NOT NULL column to a table?
UNIT III
Define redundancy?
Define functional dependency? Why are some functional dependencies t ivial?
Discuss normalization?
Illustrate functional dependency with example?
Illustrate fully functional dependency with example?
Demonstrate transitive dependency? Give an example?
Discuss Domain-Key Normal Form?
Define Armstrong axioms for FDs?
Define First Normal Form?
Define Second Normal Form?
Define Third Normal Form?
Define Fourth Normal Form?
UNIT IV
Define a Transaction? List the properties of transaction
Discuss different phases of transaction?
Discuss recoverable schedules?
Discuss cascade less schedules?
Define Two Phase Commit protocol?
Demonstrate the implementation of Isolation?
Discuss the Procedure to test Serializability?
Explain about different types of locks?
Discuss about Failure Classification?
Define a checkpoint?
Discuss the failures that can occur with loss of Non-volatile storage?
Demonstrate Conflict Serializability?
Discuss View Serializability?
UNIT V
Discuss about data on External storage?
Explain Clustered Indexes?
Discuss the Primary and Secondary indexes?
Define ree Indexing?
Explain Hash based Indexing?
Discuss the intuition for Tree Indexes?
Define Indexed Sequential Access Method?
Discuss about Overflow pages and Locking considerations of ISAM?
Discuss the Cost model of Heap files?
Discuss the Cost model of Sorted files?
Discuss the Cost model of Clustered files?
Discuss the impact of Workload on Indexes?

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PART B (Long Answer Questions)

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Questions

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UNIT I
Compare and Contrast file Systems with database systems?
Define Data Abstraction and discuss levels of Abstraction?
Discuss about different types of Data models?
Describe the Structure of DBMS?
Discuss additional features of the ER-Models.
Discuss about the Concept Design with the ER Model?
Write about views and updates on views?
Explain different types of database users and write the functions of DBA?
Explain about different types of integrity constraints?
Discuss about the logical database Design?
Distinguish strong entity set with weak entity set? Draw an ER diag am to
illustrate weak entity set?
Differentiate relation schema and relational instance? Define the te ms a ity and
degree of s relation? What are domain constraints?
Illustrate outer joins with example?
Describe logical connectives of SQL?
Discuss about active databases?
UNIT II
Illustrate different set operations in Relational algebra with an example?
Define Join? Explain different types of joins?
Discuss about Domain Relational calculus in detail?
Define trigger and explain its three parts? Differentiate row level and statement
level triggers?
Illustrate Group by and Having clauses with examples?
Discuss about Complex integrity constraints in SQL?
Discuss different types of aggregate operators with examples in SQL?
a. Define a nested query?
b. Write a nested query to find the names of sailors who have reserved both a
red and green boat?
c. Write a nested query to find the names of sailors who have reserved all
boats?
a. Discuss correlated nested queries?
b. Write a query to find the names of sailors who have reserved a red boat?
c. Write a query to find the names of sailors who have not reserved a red boat?
a. Explain Relational calculus?
b. Write a RC query to find the names of sailors who have reserved boat 103?
c. Write a DRC query to find the names of sailors who have reserved boat 103?
UNIT III
Illustrate redundancy and the problems that it can cause?
Define decomposition and how does it address redundancy? Discuss the problem
s that may be caused by the use of decompositions?
Define functional dependencies.How are primary keys related to FDs?
Define normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, 3NF Normal forms?
Compare and contrast BCNF with 3NF?
Describe properties of decompositions?
Explain about Schema refinement in Database design?
Illustrate Multivalued dependencies and Fourth normal form with example?
Discuss about Join dependencies and Fifth normal form?
Illustrate Inclusion dependencies with example?
UNIT IV
Explain ACID properties and Illustrate them through examples?
Discuss How do you implement Atomicity and Durability?

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Illustrate Concurrent execution of transaction with examples?

Discuss Serializability in detail?
Discuss two phase locking protocol and strict two phase locking protocols?
Describe Timestamp based locking protocols?
Describe Validation-based locking protocols?
Discuss in detail Multiple Granularity?
Explain in detail Storage structure?
Discuss Deferred database modification and Immediate database modification?
Discuss how do you recover from Concurrent transactions?
Explain Buffer Management?
Explain different types of Advanced Recovery Techniques?
Write in detail about Remote Backup systems?
UNIT V
Write in detail about Hash based Indexing and Tree based Indexing?
Compare I/O costs for all File Organizations?
Explain in detail about ISAM?
Explain B+ trees? Discuss about this Dynamic Index Structure?
Demonstrate searching a given element in B+ trees? Explain with example?
Illustrate insertion of an element in B+ trees with example?
Illustrate deletion of an element in B+ trees with example?
Write in detail about Static Hashing?
Explain in detail about Extendible Hashing?
Explain in detail about Linear Hashing?
Compare and Contrast Extendible Hashing with Linear Hashing?

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PART C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Questions)

Blooms

Q. No

Questions

Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level

NIT I
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Consider the following ER Diagram.

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Discuss how many minimum numbers of tables are needed to represent M, N, P,

R1, R2?
Let E1 and E2 be two entities in an E/R diagram with simple single-valued
attributes. R1 and R2 are two relationships between E1 and E2, where R1 is oneto-many and R2 is many-to-many. R1 and R2 do not have any attributes of their
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own. Calculate the minimum number of tables required to represent this situation
in the relational model?
Analyze and find whether View exists if the table is dropped from the database?
Analyze
We can convert any weak entity set to strong entity set by simply adding
Analyze
appropriate attributes. Analyze why, then, do we have weak entity sets?
UNIT II
Consider the following relational schema
Employee (empno,name,office,age)
Books(isbn,title,authors,publisher)
Loan(empno, isbn,date)
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Write the following queries in relational algebra.
a. Find the names of employees who have borrowed a book Published by
McGraw-Hill?
b. Find the names of employees who have borrowed all books Published by

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McGraw-Hill?
Find the names of employees who have borrowed more than five
different books published by McGraw-Hill?
d. For each publisher, find the names of employees who have borrowed?
Given the Students relation as shown below
c.

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For (Student Name, Student Age) to be the key for this instance, analyze and find
value of X not be equal to?
Given the relations
employee(name,salary,deptno)
department (deptno, deptname, address)
Solve which query cannot be expressed using the basic relati nal a geb a
operations (U, -, x,
, p)?
Write SQL Query to find second highest salary of Empl yee f m Empl yee
table?

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UNIT III
Consider a relation scheme R = (A, B, C, D, E, H) n which the f ll wing
functional dependencies hold: {A>B, BC> D, E>C, D>A}. Write the
candidate keys of R?
Consider the following relational schemes for a library database:

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Book (Title, Author, Catalog _no, Publisher, Year, Price)

Collection (Title, Author, Catalog no)
the following are functional dependencies:
a. Title Author --> Catalog_ no
b. Catalog no --> Title Author Publisher Year
c. Publisher Title Year --> Price
Assume {Author, Title} is the key for both schemes. Apply the appropriate
normal form for Book and Cancellation?
Consider a schema R (A, B, C, D) and functional dependencies A -> B and C ->
D. Solve and find whether the decomposition of R into R1 (A, B) and R2(C, D)
belongs to which one or both (dependency preserving and loss less join)?
Show that: if and then
NIT - IV
Consider the following transactions with data items P and Q initialized to zero:
1: read(P);
read(Q);
If P=0 then Q:=Q+1;
write(Q);
T2: read(Q);
read(P);
If Q=0 then P:=P+1;
write(P);
Solve and find any non-serial interleaving of T1 and T2 for concurrent execution
leads to a serializable schedule or non serializable schedule. Explain?
Analyze which of the following concurrency control protocols ensure both
conflict serializability and freedom from deadlock? Explain the following:
a. 2-phase locking
b. Time-stamp ordering
Consider the transactions T1, T2, and T3 and the schedules S1 and S2 given
below.
T1: r1(X);r1(Z);w1(X);w1(Z)
T2: r2(Y);r2(Z);w2(Z)
T3: r3(Y);r3(X);w3(Y)

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S1: r1(X);r3(Y);r3(X);r2(Y);r2(Z);
w3(Y);w2(Z);r1(Z);w1(X);w1(Z)
S2: r1(X); r3(Y); r2(Y); r3(X); r1(Z);
r2(Z); w3(Y); w1(X); w2(Z); w1(Z)
Analyze which one of the schedules is conflict-serializable?
Suppose that there is a database system that never fails. Analyze whether a
recovery manager required for this system?
UNIT - V
Consider a B+-tree in which the maximum number of keys in a node is 5.
Calculate the minimum number of keys in any non-root node?
In the index allocation scheme of blocks to a file, Calculate n what maximum
possible size of the file depends?
A clustering index is defined on the fields of which type? Analyze them.
Calculate the minimum space utilization for a B+ tree index?
Consider the B+ tree index of order d = 2 shown in Figure

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a. Show the tree that would result from inserting a data entry with key 9
into this tree.
b. Show the B+ tree that would result from deleting the data entry with key
8 from the original
tree, assuming that the left sibling is checked for
possible redistribution