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  • Measuring Equipment Lc-4 Handheld Multimeter: German Cathodic Protection

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    Prabu Baskaran
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    Fiber Optic Testing After the cables are installed and terminated, it's time for testing. For every fiber optic cable plant, you will need to test for continuity, end-to-end loss and then troubleshoot the problems. If it's a long outside plant cable with intermediate splices, you will probably want to verify the individual splices with an OTDR also, since that's the only way to make sure that each one is good. If you are the network user, you will also be interested in testing power, as power is the measurement that tells you whether the system is operating properly. You'll need a few special tools and instruments to test fiber optics. See Jargon in the beginning of Lennie's Guide to see a description of each instrument. Getting Started Even if you're an experienced installer, make sure you remember these things. 1. Have the right tools and test equipment for the job. You will need: 1. Source and power meter, optical loss test set or test kit with proper equipment adapters for the cable plant you are testing. 2. Reference test cables that match the cables to be tested and mating adapters, including hybrids if needed. 3. Fiber Tracer or Visual Fault Locator. 4. Cleaning materials - lint free cleaning wipes and pure alcohol. 5. OTDR and launch cable for outside plant jobs. 2. Know how to use your test equipment Before you start, get together all your tools and make sure they are all working properly and you and your installers know how to use them. It's hard to get the job done when you have to call the manufacturer from the job site on your cell phone to ask for help. Try all your equipment in the office before you take it into the field. Use it to test every one of your reference test jumper cables in both directions using the single-ended loss test to make sure they are all good. If your power meter has internal memory to record data be sure you know how to use this also. You can often customize these reports to your specific needs - figure all this out before you go it the field - it could save you time and on installations, time is money! 3. Know the network you're testing... This is an important part of the documentation process we discussed earlier. Make sure you have cable layouts for every fiber you have to test. Prepare a spreadsheet of all the cables and fibers before you go in the field and print a copy for recording your test data. You may record all your test data either by hand or if your meter has a memory feature, it will keep test results in on-board memory that can be printed or transferred to a computer when you return to the office. A note on using a fiber optic source eye safety... Fiber optic sources, including test equipment, are generally too low in power to cause any eye damage, but it's still a good idea to check connectors with a power meter before looking into it. Some telco DWDM and CATV systems have very high power and they could be harmful, so better safe than sorry. Fiber optic testing includes three basic tests that we will cover separately: Visual inspection for continuity or connector checking, Loss testing, and Network Testing. Visual Inspection Visual Tracing Continuity checking makes certain the fibers are not broken and to trace a path of a fiber from one end to another through many connections. Use a visible light "fiber optic tracer" or "pocket visual fault locator". It looks like a flashlight or a pen-like instrument with a lightbulb or LED soure that mates to a fiber optic connector. Attach a cable to test to the visual tracer and look at the other end to see the light transmitted through the core of the fiber. If there is no light at the end, go back to intermediate connections to find the bad section of the cable. A good example of how it can save time and money is testing fiber on a reel before you pull it to make sure it hasn't been damaged during shipment. Look for visible signs of damage (like cracked or broken reels, kinks in the cable, etc.) . For t

    Originaltitel

    Fiber Optic Testing After the cables are installed and terminated, it's time for testing. For every fiber optic cable plant, you will need to test for continuity, end-to-end loss and then troubleshoot the problems. If it's a long outside plant cable with intermediate splices, you will probably want to verify the individual splices with an OTDR also, since that's the only way to make sure that each one is good. If you are the network user, you will also be interested in testing power, as power is the measurement that tells you whether the system is operating properly. You'll need a few special tools and instruments to test fiber optics. See Jargon in the beginning of Lennie's Guide to see a description of each instrument. Getting Started Even if you're an experienced installer, make sure you remember these things. 1. Have the right tools and test equipment for the job. You will need: 1. Source and power meter, optical loss test set or test kit with proper equipment adapters for the ca

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    Fiber Optic Testing After the cables are installed and terminated, it's time for testing. For every fiber optic cable plant, you will need to test for continuity, end-to-end loss and then troubleshoot the problems. If it's a long outside plant cable with intermediate splices, you will probably want to verify the individual splices with an OTDR also, since that's the only way to make sure that each one is good. If you are the network user, you will also be interested in testing power, as power is the measurement that tells you whether the system is operating properly. You'll need a few special tools and instruments to test fiber optics. See Jargon in the beginning of Lennie's Guide to see a description of each instrument. Getting Started Even if you're an experienced installer, make sure you remember these things. 1. Have the right tools and test equipment for the job. You will need: 1. Source and power meter, optical loss test set or test kit with proper equipment adapters for the cable plant you are testing. 2. Reference test cables that match the cables to be tested and mating adapters, including hybrids if needed. 3. Fiber Tracer or Visual Fault Locator. 4. Cleaning materials - lint free cleaning wipes and pure alcohol. 5. OTDR and launch cable for outside plant jobs. 2. Know how to use your test equipment Before you start, get together all your tools and make sure they are all working properly and you and your installers know how to use them. It's hard to get the job done when you have to call the manufacturer from the job site on your cell phone to ask for help. Try all your equipment in the office before you take it into the field. Use it to test every one of your reference test jumper cables in both directions using the single-ended loss test to make sure they are all good. If your power meter has internal memory to record data be sure you know how to use this also. You can often customize these reports to your specific needs - figure all this out before you go it the field - it could save you time and on installations, time is money! 3. Know the network you're testing... This is an important part of the documentation process we discussed earlier. Make sure you have cable layouts for every fiber you have to test. Prepare a spreadsheet of all the cables and fibers before you go in the field and print a copy for recording your test data. You may record all your test data either by hand or if your meter has a memory feature, it will keep test results in on-board memory that can be printed or transferred to a computer when you return to the office. A note on using a fiber optic source eye safety... Fiber optic sources, including test equipment, are generally too low in power to cause any eye damage, but it's still a good idea to check connectors with a power meter before looking into it. Some telco DWDM and CATV systems have very high power and they could be harmful, so better safe than sorry. Fiber optic testing includes three basic tests that we will cover separately: Visual inspection for continuity or connector checking, Loss testing, and Network Testing. Visual Inspection Visual Tracing Continuity checking makes certain the fibers are not broken and to trace a path of a fiber from one end to another through many connections. Use a visible light "fiber optic tracer" or "pocket visual fault locator". It looks like a flashlight or a pen-like instrument with a lightbulb or LED soure that mates to a fiber optic connector. Attach a cable to test to the visual tracer and look at the other end to see the light transmitted through the core of the fiber. If there is no light at the end, go back to intermediate connections to find the bad section of the cable. A good example of how it can save time and money is testing fiber on a reel before you pull it to make sure it hasn't been damaged during shipment. Look for visible signs of damage (like cracked or broken reels, kinks in the cable, etc.) . For t

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    Measuring Equipment Lc-4 Handheld Multimeter: German Cathodic Protection

    Hochgeladen von

    Prabu Baskaran
    Fiber Optic Testing After the cables are installed and terminated, it's time for testing. For every fiber optic cable plant, you will need to test for continuity, end-to-end loss and then troubleshoot the problems. If it's a long outside plant cable with intermediate splices, you will probably want to verify the individual splices with an OTDR also, since that's the only way to make sure that each one is good. If you are the network user, you will also be interested in testing power, as power is the measurement that tells you whether the system is operating properly. You'll need a few special tools and instruments to test fiber optics. See Jargon in the beginning of Lennie's Guide to see a description of each instrument. Getting Started Even if you're an experienced installer, make sure you remember these things. 1. Have the right tools and test equipment for the job. You will need: 1. Source and power meter, optical loss test set or test kit with proper equipment adapters for the cable plant you are testing. 2. Reference test cables that match the cables to be tested and mating adapters, including hybrids if needed. 3. Fiber Tracer or Visual Fault Locator. 4. Cleaning materials - lint free cleaning wipes and pure alcohol. 5. OTDR and launch cable for outside plant jobs. 2. Know how to use your test equipment Before you start, get together all your tools and make sure they are all working properly and you and your installers know how to use them. It's hard to get the job done when you have to call the manufacturer from the job site on your cell phone to ask for help. Try all your equipment in the office before you take it into the field. Use it to test every one of your reference test jumper cables in both directions using the single-ended loss test to make sure they are all good. If your power meter has internal memory to record data be sure you know how to use this also. You can often customize these reports to your specific needs - figure all this out before you go it the field - it could save you time and on installations, time is money! 3. Know the network you're testing... This is an important part of the documentation process we discussed earlier. Make sure you have cable layouts for every fiber you have to test. Prepare a spreadsheet of all the cables and fibers before you go in the field and print a copy for recording your test data. You may record all your test data either by hand or if your meter has a memory feature, it will keep test results in on-board memory that can be printed or transferred to a computer when you return to the office. A note on using a fiber optic source eye safety... Fiber optic sources, including test equipment, are generally too low in power to cause any eye damage, but it's still a good idea to check connectors with a power meter before looking into it. Some telco DWDM and CATV systems have very high power and they could be harmful, so better safe than sorry. Fiber optic testing includes three basic tests that we will cover separately: Visual inspection for continuity or connector checking, Loss testing, and Network Testing. Visual Inspection Visual Tracing Continuity checking makes certain the fibers are not broken and to trace a path of a fiber from one end to another through many connections. Use a visible light "fiber optic tracer" or "pocket visual fault locator". It looks like a flashlight or a pen-like instrument with a lightbulb or LED soure that mates to a fiber optic connector. Attach a cable to test to the visual tracer and look at the other end to see the light transmitted through the core of the fiber. If there is no light at the end, go back to intermediate connections to find the bad section of the cable. A good example of how it can save time and money is testing fiber on a reel before you pull it to make sure it hasn't been damaged during shipment. Look for visible signs of damage (like cracked or broken reels, kinks in the cable, etc.) . For t

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    Measuring Equipment

    LC-4 Handheld multimeter


    Document No.: 11-102-R0
    Sheet: 1 of 1

    German Cathodic Protection

    LC-4 Handheld Multimeter


    Pick up a Model LC-4 and have these features in the palm of your hand:
    DC volts for IR drop, potential & rectifier readings
    AC volts for potential & rectifier readings
    Ohms for continuity & resistance testing
    Selectable input resistance display freeze for instant off & coordinated tests
    Optional plug-in shunt for current readings
    Heavy duty carrying case
    General
    Model LC-4 is a hand-held voltmeter to include a number of special
    features which facilitate corrosion and cathodic protection testing on
    underground structures. It is designed for field testing under almost any
    environmental conditions. Sealed Mil Spec. switches, sealed windows,
    a gasketed case and a printed circuit board with baked-on moisture and
    fungus resistant coating on both sides make this possible.
    The large (0.5) display characters are easy to read under
    both high and low lighting conditions and function over a
    wide temperature range with very little drain on the battery.
    The LC-4 is recommended for potential surveys, side
    drain measurements, surface potential surveys, IR drop
    measurements, checking both the AC and DC circuits of
    rectifiers, checking for stray or hazardous AC potentials,
    and checking galvanic anodes. DC current measurements
    require the use of an optional plug-in shunt (0-20 Amp).
    The selectable input resistance feature permits detection
    of high resistance in the external circuit and elimination of
    resulting errors in virtually all cases.
    The push-to-hold-reading button freezes the display at
    any desired time, which makes the meter usable in many
    areas having varying stray currents. It is also useful when
    conducting instant-off and coordinated tests.
    Accessories
    Spare Carrying Case
    Made of heavy, water resistant simulated leather, this
    carrying case leaves your hands free to perform tests.
    A quick opening snap permits ready access to the
    instrument, and a belt loop is included with a snap fastener.
    Electrode Extension Adapter
    Designed to save effort (and your back) as well as
    to protect you from snakes and poison ivy, the MCM
    electrode extension adapter firmly mates with the base
    of the meter by the use of Velcro pads. The base has a
    threaded socket which connects to either input terminal
    by means of a test lead pigtail with a banana plug. Any
    MCM intermediate electrode extension can be screwed
    into the socket.

    Specifications
    Logic
    Display
    DC Volt Range

    CMOS, crystal controlled timing


    Liquid crystal, 3 1/2 digits, 0.5 high
    0 - 20 mV (0.01 mV resolution)
    0 - 200 mV (0.1 mV resolution)
    0 - 2 V (1.0 mV resolution)
    0 - 200 V (0.1 V resolution)
    AC Volt Range
    0 - 600 V (1.0 V resolution)
    Resistance Range
    0 - 200 Ohms (0.1 Ohm resolution)
    DC Current Range
    Using optional 0.001 Ohm
    LC Shunt: 0-20 A (0.01 A resolution)
    Accuracy
    DCV: 1% of reading +1 digit
    ACV: 3% of reading +1 digit
    Ohms: 2% of reading +1 digit
    AC Rejection
    20 mV range: 20 mV AC
    @ 50/60/400 Hz
    200 mV range: 5 VAC
    2 V range: 120 VAC
    200 V range: 600 VAC
    DC Rejection
    600 VAC range: 600 VDC
    Zero
    Automatic
    Decimal Point
    Automatic; set by range switch
    Polarity
    Automatic; negative symbol
    displayed, positive assumed
    Input Resistance
    20 mV range; 1000 Ohms. All other DCV
    ranges are switch selectable
    (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 megohms)
    Operating Temperature +8F to +176F (-14C to +80C)
    Battery
    One 9V alkaline recommended
    Dimensions
    6-1/8 x 3-5/8 x 1-3/4
    overall (15 x 8 x 4.5 cm)
    Weight
    11 oz. approx. (0.312 kg)

    External Shunt
    Two shunts which plug directly into the 20 mV range of
    the LC-4 Meter are available:
    0.00 / 50A/ 1mV = 1A (measure up to 20A on the
    20mV range).
    0.1 / 2A/ 100mV= 1A (measure up to 200mA on the
    20mV range).

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