Question Bank

Calorimetry
1. Define the term heat.
Ans. It is the sum total of kinetic and potential energy of all the molecules of a
given substance.
2. Name the SI unit of heat.
Ans. Joule (J) is the SI unit of heat.
3. Define temperature :
Ans. The average kinetic energy of all the molecules of a given substance is
called temperature.
4. State the SI unit of temperature.
Ans. Kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature.
5. The temperature of a substance rises by 25C. How much is the rise on
kelvin scale and why?
Ans. The rise on kelvin scale is 25 K. It is because, rise in temperature in
C = rise in temperature in kelvin.
6. What is a calorimeter? Why is it made of copper? Give two reasons.
Ans. A copper vessel along with copper stirrer used in the measurement of heat
energy is called calorimeter. Calorimeter is made from copper because,
(i) it takes the temperature of the contents within it very quickly.
(ii) it has a very low specific heat capacity and hence takes very little amount
of heat energy from the contents within it.
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7. (a) Define : (i) Calorie, (ii) Kilocalorie.

(b) How many calories are in one kilocalorie?
(c) How many joules of energy are in : (i) one calorie, (ii) one kilocalorie?
(d) State the SI unit for measuring heat energy.
Ans. (a) (i) Calorie : It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 g of water through 1C.
(ii) Kilocalorie : It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 kg of water, through 1C.
(b) 1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie
(c) (i) 1 calorie = 4.2 J
(ii) 1 kilocalorie = 4200 J
(d) The SI unit for measurement of heat energy is joule.
8. State three factors, which determine the heat absorbed by a cold body.
Ans. (i) Heat absorbed is directly proportional to the mass of the body.
(ii) Heat absorbed is directly proportional to the specific heat capacity of the
body.
(iii) Heat absorbed is directly proportional to the rise in temperature of the body.

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9. (a) Define the following terms :

(i) specific heat capacity
(ii) thermal capacity or heat capacity.
(b) State the SI units of : (i) specific heat capacity (ii) thermal capacity.
(c) Which material is calorimeter made of?
Ans.(a) (i) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kg
of a substance through 1 K is called its specific heat capacity.
(ii) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given
mass of a substance through 1 K is called its thermal capacity.
(b) (i) The SI unit of specific heat capacity is J kg1 K1.
(ii) The SI unit of thermal capacity is JK1.
(c) Calorimeter is made from copper. Recently copper has been replaced by
aluminium.
10. Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg1 k1. What do you understand
by the statement?
Ans. From the above statement, it implies that, if the temperature of 1 kg of
water is raised through 1 K, then the amount of heat energy required to
do so is 4200 J.

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11. The thermal capacity of a vessel is 428 J K1. What do you understand by
the statement?
Ans. From the above statement, it implies that, if the temperature of the given vessel
is raised through 1 K, then heat energy required to do so is 428 K.
12. The heat capacity of a vessel is 42 J C1. How much heat energy is required
to raise its temperature from 10C to 20C?
Ans. Rise in temperature = (20 10)C = 10C
Heat energy required to raise its temperature through 10C =

Heat capacity Rise in temperature = 42 JC1 10C = 420 J.

13. Some amount of heat energy is supplied to two liquids A and B. The liquid A
shows a greater rise in temperature. What can you say about heat capacity of
A as compared to that of B?
Ans. Heat capacity of A is less than that of B.
14. Why is the base of cooking pan made thick and heavy?
Ans. Cooking pans are made from metals such as copper, brass, stainless steel, etc.
They have low specific heat capacity and hence rapidly attain the temperature
of flame used for heating. This in turn can burn the food.
To avoid burning of food the base is made heavy and thick, so that the
temperature within the pan is less than the flame and hence the food cooks
without burning.
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15. A substance of mass m1, specific heat capacity c1 at a temperature T1 is mixed

with another substance of mass m2, specific heat capacity c2 at a lower
temperature T2. Deduce the expression for the final temperature of the mixture.
State any assumption made, if any.
Ans. Let the final temperature of mixture be T
Rise in temperature ( R) = (T T2)

Fall in temperature ( f) = (T1 T)

Now, heat gained by substance at lower temp.
= Heat lost by substance at higher temp.
m2c2 (T T2) = m1c1 (T1 T)
m2c2T m2c2T2 = m1c1T1 m1c1T
m2c2T + m1c1T = m1c1T1 + m2c2T2
(m2c2 + m1c1)T = m1c1T1 + m2c2T2
T=

m1c1T1 + m2 c2T2
m2c2 + m1c1

16. Why are hot water bottles very efficient for fomentation?
Ans.Water has the highest sp. heat capacity of 4.2 Jg1 C1. Furthermore, its
temperature does not rise beyond 100 C, under normal conditions. Thus, it
can store large amount of heat energy at quite a bearable temperature and
hence it is ideal for fomentation purposes.

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17. What are land and sea breezes? Explain how are they caused in the coastal
regions.
Ans. Local winds which blow from the sea to the land during the day-time and from
the land to the sea during night-time are called sea and land breezes.
Formation of sea breeze : Specific latent heat capacity of land is about five time
less, as compared to water. Thus, when the sun shines equally on the sea, as well
as on the land, the land gets comparatively hot as compared to the sea. The air
above the land gets hot and hence, rises, thereby causing a drop in pressure. To
make up for the drop in pressure, the cold air from the sea, blows towards the
land, thereby giving rise to sea breeze.
Formation of land breeze : At night the sea water, as well as the land radiate
heat energy. However, the land radiates heat energy, at much faster rate as
compared to the sea, owing to its five times less specific heat capacity, as
compared to the sea water. Thus, on the whole, the sea is comparatively warmer
as compared to the land. The air above the sea gets warm and rises up.
This causes a fall in pressure. To make up for this fall in pressure, the cold air
from the land blows towards the sea, thereby giving rise to land breeze.

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18. Discuss the role of high specific heat capacity of water, with reference to the
climate in coastal regions.
Ans. The climate in coastal regions remains moderate due to the blowing in of the cold
air from sea during day-time (sea breeze) and blowing out of the cold air from
land to sea (land breeze), during night-time. The land and sea breeze are formed
as under :
Write here formation of land and sea breeze as in Q 17.

19. Why is water used as a coolant in motor-car radiators?

Ans. Water has the highest specific heat capacity of 4.2 Jg1 C1 and its
temperature does not rise beyond 100 C. Thus, it can absorb large amount
of heat from a working engine, which is then radiated out through the radiator.
Thus, on this low temperature the engine works efficiently.
20. Why is water sprayed on roads in the evening in hot summer?
Ans.Water has the highest specific heat capacity of 4.2 Jg1 C1. Thus, water
absorbs large amount of heat from the roads, but its own temperature does not rise
much. Thus, on the whole the roads get cooled.
21. Why the temperature in hot summer falls sharply, after a sharp shower?
Ans. Water has the highest specific heat capacity of 4.2 Jg1 C1. Thus, when
there is a sharp shower, the water evaporates. In doing so, it absorbs large
amount of heat from surroundings, hence temperature falls sharply.

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22. Why do sandy soils get heated up quickly as compared to wet soils?
Ans. The specific heat capacity of the sand is about five times less than that of the
water. Thus, when sun shines equally on sandy soil and the wet soil, the sandy
soil gets heated up rapidly as compared to the wet soil. It is because, water
absorbs large amount of heat energy, but its temperature does not rise
sufficiently.
23. Why is water considered the best liquid for quenching thirst?
Ans. Water has the highest specific heat capacity of 4.2 Jg1 C1 and hence it
can absorb large amount of heat energy, without rising in temperature
sufficiently. Thirst is the natural signal, when body produces more heat energy
than required. Thus, water is ideal for quenching thirst, because it can absorb
large amount of heat energy.
24. Why is it advisable to pour cold water over burns, caused on the human body,
by hot solids?
Ans. Water has the highest specific heat capacity of 4.2 Jg1 C1. Thus, it can
extract large amount of heat energy rapidly from the site of burn and hence
gives a lot of relief.

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25. Why does a wise farmer waters his fields, if the forecast says it is going to be
frost?
Ans. The frost can seriously damage the leaves and fruits of the plants.
When a farmer waters his fields, during night, this water gives large amount
of heat energy, because 1 g of water will liberate 4.2 J of energy for every
1 C fall in temperature. Thus, the air around the field is saturated with heat
energy and its temperature does not fall below 0 C. Thus, no frost is formed.
26. Why are big tubs of water kept in underground cellars for storing fresh fruit
and vegetables in cold countries?
Ans. During sub-zero temperatures, the water within the cells of fruits and vegetables
freezes and hence damages them. To avoid such a damage the huge water tubs
are kept. The water gives off 4200 J of heat energy for every one kg for 1 C fall
in temperature. Thus, it does not allow the temperature of cellar to fall below
0 C, and hence, their is no damage to fresh fruits or vegetables.
27. Define the following terms :
(i)Fusion (ii) Melting point
Ans. Fusion : The process of changing of a solid in liquid state, at some fixed
temperature, by the absorption of heat from some external source is called
fusion.
Melting point : It is the temperature at which a solid changes into liquid state.

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28. What do you understand by the following terms :

(i) latent heat of fusion?
(ii) specific latent heat of fusion?
(iii) specific latent heat of fusion of ice?
(iv) state the value of sp. latent heat of fusion of ice in : (1) the SI system
(2) calories?
Ans. (i) Latent heat of fusion : It is the amount of heat energy required to change
a given mass of solid at its m.p. into its liquid state, without any rise in
temperature.
(ii) Specific latent heat of fusion : It is the amount of heat energy required to
change 1 kg of solid, at its melting point, into its liquid state, without any
rise in temperature.
(iii) Specific latent heat of fusion of ice : It is the amount of heat energy
required to change 1 kg of ice at 0 C, into 1 kg of water at 0 C, without
any rise in temperature.
(iv) Specific latent heat of fusion of ice is
(i) 336,000 Jkg1 in the SI system (ii) 80 calories g1 in CGS system.

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29. Bottled drinks are cooled more effectively, when surrounded by lumps of ice
than iced water.
Or
Why do bottled soft drinks get cooled more quickly by ice cubes than by iced
water.
Ans. Every 1 kg of ice at 0 C absorbs 336,000 J of heat energy to form water at
0 C. As ice can extract 336,000 J of heat energy, more than water at 0 C,
therefore, it cools the bottled drinks more effectively.
30 . Why does atmospheric temperature fall after a hailstorm?
Ans. Ice has the highest sp. latent heat of fusion of 336,000 Jkg1. Thus, when the
hail melts, it absorb large amount of heat energy from the surroundings.
Thus, the atmospheric temperature drops.
31. Why does weather become pleasant when it starts freezing in cold countries?
Ans. Ice has the highest sp. latent heat of fusion of 336,000 Jkg1. Thus, every 1 kg
of water at 0 C, on freezing releases 336,000 J of heat energy. As enormous
amount of heat energy is released in atmosphere, therefore weather becomes
pleasant.
32. Why does it gets warm during a snow storm?
Ans. Same as Q.31.

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33. Why does it become bitterly cold when ice melts in cold countries?
Ans. Same as Q.30.
34. Specific latent heat of fusion of lead is 27 103 Jkg 1. What do you
understand by the statement?
Ans. It means one kg of lead at its melting point, on solidification at the same
temperature will release 27 103 J of heat energy.
35. Given figure shows variation in temperature with time when some wax cools
from liquid phase to solid phase.

(i) In which part of the curve the wax is in liquid phase?

(ii) What does the part QRS represent?
(iii) At which point on the curve, the wax will be in the liquid as well as solid
phase?
(iv) In which part of curve the wax is in solid phase.
Ans. (i) Wax is in liquid phase in region PQ.
(ii) QRS represents change in state of liquid wax to solid wax at constant
temperature.
(iii) At point R the wax will be in the solid as well as liquid phase.
(iv) Wax is in the solid phase in region ST.
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36. 1 kg of ice at 0C is heated at a constant rate and its temperature is recorded

after every 30 s, till steam is formed at 100C. Draw a temperature-time graph
to represent the change of phase.

Ans.

37. The melting point of naphthalene, a crystalline solid, is 80C and room
temperature is 30C. Liquid naphthalene at 100C is cooled down to room
temperature. Draw a temperature-time graph to represent cooling curve.

Ans.

38. Ice-cream appears colder to mouth than water at 0C. Give a reason.
Ans. Ice has the highest sp. latent heat of fusion, i.e., 336 Jg1. Thus, every one
gram of ice on melting in mouth extracts out 336 J of extra heat energy, as
compared to water at 0C. Thus, ice-cream appears colder than water at 0C.

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39. What do you understand by the following terms?

(i) Boiling,

(ii) Boiling point.

Ans. (i) Boiling : The process of rapid change of a liquid into gaseous state, without any
change in temperature, and by the absorption of heat energy from an external
source is called boiling.
(ii) Boiling point : The constant temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes
to its gaseous state is called boiling point.
40. Graph shows change of phases of a substance on temperature-time graph.
(a)What do parts AB, BC, and CD represent?
(b)What is the melting point of substance?
(c) What is the boiling point of substance?

Ans.(a) (i) AB represents the solid being heated still it attains a temp T1.
(ii) BC represents changes in the state of solid to liquid at constant temperature.
(iii) CD represents the liquid being heated till it attains a temperature of T3.
(b) The melting point of the substance is T1.
(c) The boiling point of the substance is T2.
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Numerical Problems
1. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 100 g
of copper from 20C to 70C (sp. heat capacity of copper = 390 J kg1 K1)
Ans. Mass of copper (m) = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Rise in temperature ( R ) = (70 20) = 50C
Sp. heat capacity of copper (c) = 390 J kg1 K1
= 390 J kg1 C1
Heat required = mc R
= 0.1 kg 390 J kg1C 50C
= 1950 J
2. 1300 J of heat energy is supplied to raise the temperature of 0.5 kg of lead from
20C to 40C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of lead.
Ans.

Mass of lead (m) = 0.5 kg

Rise in temperature ( R ) = (40 20)C = 20C

Heat required (H) = 1300 J
H = mc R

c=

H
m R

1300 J
0.5 kg 20C

= 130 J kg1 C1
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3. Find the time taken by a 500 W heater to raise the temperature of 50 kg of a

material of specific heat capacity 960 J kg1 K1 from 18C to 38C. Assume
all heat energy supplied by the heater is given to the material.
Ans. Power of the heater (P) = 500 W = 500 Js1
Let the time for which the heater works = t
Energy supplied by the heater = P t
= 500 J s1 t
Rise in temperature of the material ( R )
= (38 18)
= 20C = 20 K
Mass of the material (m) = 50 kg
sp. heat capacity of the material (c) = 960 J kg1 K1
Heat energy absorbed by the material

= mc R = 50 kg 960 J kg1 K1 20 K
= 960000 J
Energy supplied by the heater = Heat energy absorbed by the material
500 J s1 t = 960000 J

t=
=
Class-X

96000 J
500 Js 1

= 1920 s

1920
min = 32 min
60
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4. An electric heater of power 600 W raises the temperature of 4.0 kg of a liquid

from 10.0C to 15.0C in 100 s. Calculate : (i) heat capacity of 4.0 kg of liquid,
(ii) the specific heat capacity of liquid.
Ans. Power of heater (P) = 600 W = 600 Js1

Time (t) = 100 s

Energy supplied by heater = P t
= 600 Js1 100 s

= 60000 J
Rise in temperature ( R )

= (15.0 10.0)C
= 5C = 5 K

(i) For 5 K rise in temperature energy required

= 60000 J
For 1 K rise in temperature energy required
=

60000 J
= 12000 JK1
5K

Heat capacity of liquid = 12000 JK1

(ii) Specific heat capacity of liquid =

Heat capacity
Mass
12000 JK 1
4.0 kg

= 3000 Jkg 1 K 1
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5. A piece of iron of mass 2.0 kg has thermal capacity 966 J C1. Find : (i) the
heat energy needed to raise it to 15C and (ii) its sp. heat capacity in SI unit.

Ans. (i) Thermal capacity = 966 JC1 = 966 JK1

Rise in temperature = 15C = 15 K
Heat energy required to warm iron
= Thermal capacity Rise in temperature
= 966 JK1 15 K = 14490 J
(ii) Specific heat capacity of iron
=

Thermal capacity
Mass of iron
966 JK 1
2.0 kg
483 Jkg 1 K 1

6. 0.5 kg of lemon squash at 30C is placed in a refrigerator, which can remove

heat at an average of 30 Js1. How long will it take to cool lemon squash to
5C? (sp heat capacity of lemon squash is 4200 J kg1C1).

Ans. Mass of lemon squash (m) = 0.5 kg

sp. heat capacity of lemon squash (c) = 4200 Jkg1C1
Fall in temperature ( f) = (30 5)C = 25C
Heat extracted by refrigerator (H) = mc f
= 0.5 kg 4200 Jkg1C1 25C = 52500 J
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Rate of extraction of heat = 30 Js1

Time in which lemon squash cools
=
=

52500
30 Js

= 1750 s

1750 s
= 29.167 min
60

7. 200 g mass of a certain metal at 83C is immersed in 300 g water at 30C. The
final temperature is 33C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal.
(Assume that specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg1K1).

Ans.

DATA

Mass
Sp. heat capacity
Initial temp.
Final temp. = 33C

Substances
Metal
Water
200 g
300 g
?
4.2 Jg1K1
83C
30C
f = (83 33)
R = (33 30)
= 50C = 50 K
= 3C = 3 K

Heat lost by metal = mc f

= 200 g c 50 K
Heat gained by water = mc R
= 300 g 4.2 Jg1K1 3 K
= 3780 J
Heat lost = Heat gained
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200 g c 50 K = 3780 J
c=

3780 J
200 50 gk

= 0.378 Jg1K1
8. You are required to make a water bath of 40 kg, at 40 C, by mixing hot water
at 100 C and cold water at 15 C. Calculate the ratio of hot and cold water,
which should be mixed.

Ans. Let the mass of cold water = x.

Mass of hot water = (40 kg x).

Substance

Mass

Cold water
Hot water

x
40 kg x

S.H.C

Initial
temp.
4200 Jkg 1 C 1 15 C
4200 Jkg 1 C 1 100 C

Final temp. = 40 C
R = (40 15) = 25 C
F = (100 40) = 60 C

Heat lost by hot water = Heat gained by cold water.

mc F = mc R.
(40 x) 4200 60 = x 4200 25

(40 x) 12 = 5x.
480 = 17x

x=

480
= 28.235 kg.
17

Mass of cold water = 28.235 kg.

Mass of hot water = (40 28.235) = 11.765 kg.

Mass of hot water : Mass of cold water = 11.765 : 28.235 = 1 : 2.4.

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9. Temperature of 600 g cold water rose by 15 C, when 300 g of hot water at

50 C was added to it. What is the initial temp. of cold water?

Ans.
Substance

Mass

S.H.C

Initial temp. Final temp. = ? (x)

Cold water 600 g

4.2 Jg 1 C 1

R = 15C

Hot water

4.2 Jg 1 C 1

50 C

F = (50C x )

300 g

Heat lost by hot water = Heat gained by cold water

300 4.2 (50 x) = 600 4.2 15
(50 x) = 30

x = 20 C (Final temp.)

Initial temp. of water = (Final temp. R) = (20 15) = 5 C.

10. 200 g of hot water at 80C is added to 400 g of cold water, when the temperature
of cold water rises by 18 C. Calculate the initial temperature of cold water.

Ans. Proceed as in Q 9.

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[Ans. 26 C]

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11. Some amount of heat is given out to 120 g of water and its temperature rises by
10 K. When same amount of heat is given to 60 g of oil, its temperature rises by
40 K. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg1 K1. Calculate :
(i) amount of heat in joules given to water.
(ii) specific heat capacity of oil.

Ans. (i) Heat absorbed by water = mcR =

120
4200 10
1000

= 5040 J.
(ii) Heat absorbed by water = Heat absorbed by oil

5040 J = 60 g c 40.
c=

5040 1000
60 40

= 2100 Jkg1K1.
12. A metal drill of power 500 W, drills a hole in a metal cube of mass 0.25 kg in
6.5s. The specific heat capacity of lead is 130 J kg1 C1.
(i) How much heat is generated by metal drill in one second?
(ii) Calculate the heat generated in 6.5 s.
(iii) If t C, is the rise in temperature of metal cube, state the amount of heat
energy absorbed by it in terms of t.
(iv) Write down an equation and calculate the value of t.

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Ans.(i) Energy generated by drill in 1 s = P t = 500 1 s = 500 J.

(ii) Energy generated by drill in 6.5 s = 500 6.5 = 3250 J.
(iii) Energy absorbed by metal = mcR = 0.25 130 t = 32.5 t.
(iv)Energy absorbed by metal = Energy generated by drill
32.5 t = 3250

t=

3250
= 100 C.
32.5

13. An electric heater is of power 1000 W. It heats 0.4 kg of water for 2 minutes.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg1K1.
(i) How much heat is liberated by heater in 1 s?
(ii) How much heat is liberated by heater in 2 minutes?
(iii) If C, is the rise in temperature of water, state the amount of heat energy
absorbed by it, in terms of .
(iv) Write down an equation and calculate the value of .

Ans. Proceed as in Q. 12. [Ans. (i) 1000 J; (ii) 120,000 J; (iii) 1680 ; (iv) 71.428 C]
14. A copper calorimeter, weighing 57.5 g, contains 60 g of water at 12 C. 55 g of
iron nails at 100 C, are dropped into the calorimeter and stirred rapidly. The
final temperature attained by the calorimeter and its contents is 20 C. Calculate
the specific heat capacity of iron. (Sp. heat capacity of copper is 0.4 Jg1 C1
and that of water is 4.2 Jg1 C1.
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Question Bank

Ans.
Substance

Mass

S.H.C

Initial temp. Final temp. = 20 C

Calorimeter 57.5 g 0.4 Jg 1 C 1 12C

Cold water

60 g

Iron

55 g

4.2 Jg 1 C 1 12C
100C
?

R = (20 12) = 8C
F = (100 20) = 80C

Heat gained by calorimeter = mcR = 57.5 0.4 8 = 184 J

Heat gained by cold water = mcR = 60 4.2 8 = 2016 J
Heat lost by iron = mcF = 55 c 80 = 4400 cg C.
Heat lost by iron = Heat gained by calorimeter + Heat gained by water.
4400 cg C = (184 + 2016) = 2200 J

c=

2200
= 0.5 Jg1 C1.
4400

15. A molten metal weighing 150 g, is kept at its melting point, at 800C. When
allowed to solidify at the same temperature, it gives off 7500 J of heat energy.
What is the specific latent heat of fusion of metal?
If its specific heat capacity is 200 Jkg1 K1, how much additional heat will it
give out in cooling to 50 C?

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Ans. (i) Heat given off by metal during change of state

= mass sp. latent heat of metal
7500 J = 150 g sp. latent heat of fusion of the metal.
Sp. latent heat of fusion of the metal =

7500
= 50 Jgl
150

(ii) Heat given off by metal on cooling = mcF

=

150
200 [800 ( 50)] J = 25,500 J.
1000

16. A solid weighing 200 g, is kept at its melting point at 0C. When allowed to
melt at the same temperature, it absorbs 67200 J of heat energy.
Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of solid. If its specific heat
capacity is 4200 Jkg1K1, how much additional heat will it absorb in
attaining a temperature of 80 C?

[Ans. (i) 336 Jgl, (ii) 67200 J]

Ans Proceed as in

17. One kg of molten lead at its melting point 327 C, is dropped in 1 kg of water at
20 C. Assuming no heat is lost to surroundings, calculate final temperature of
water. [Sp. heat capacity of lead and water is 130 Jkg1 K1 and 4200 Jkg1 K1
respectively. Sp. latent heat of fusion of lead = 27000 J kg1]

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Question Bank

Ans.
Substance Mass S.H.C/S.L.H

Final temp. = ? (x)

Lead
Water

R = (x 20C)

1 kg
1 kg

Initial
temp.
130 Jkg 1 C 1 /27000 Jkg 1 327C
20C
4200 Jkg 1 C 1

F = (327C x)

Heat lost by lead to change its state = mL = 1 27000 = 27000 J.

Heat lost by solid lead from 327 C to final temp. = mcF = 1 130 (327 x).
Heat gained by water = mcR = 1 4200 (x 20).
Heat gained = Heat lost.

4200 (x 20) = 130 (327 x) + 27000.

4200x 84000 = 42510 130x + 27000

4330x = 153510

x = 35.45 C.

18. 0.6 kg of molten metal at its melting point 420 C, is dropped into 2 kg of water
at 25 C. Assuming no heat is lost to surroundings, calculate the final
temperature of water.[sp. heat capacity of metal and water are 250 Jkg1 K1
and 4200 Jkg1 K1 respectively. Sp. latent heat of fusion of metal = 29000
Jkg1]

Ans. Proceed as Q : 17

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[Ans. 30.98C]

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Question Bank

19. A block of lead of mass 1 kg at 27 C was heated in a furnace, till it melts

completely. Find the quantity of heat required : (i) To bring the lead block to
its melting point, (ii) To completely melt the lead block at its melting point.
[m.p of lead = 327 C; sp. heat capacity of lead = 130 Jkg1 K1 and sp.
latent heat of fusion of lead = 26,000 Jkg1].

Ans.(i) Heat required to bring the lead to its melting point = mcR
= 1 130 (327 27) = 39000 J
(ii) Heat required to melt lead = mL = 1 26,000 = 26,000 J.
20. A block of a metal of mass 0.8 kg at 20 C is heated in a furnace, till it
completely melts. Find the quantity of heat required : (i) to bring the metal to its
melting point, (ii) to completely melt the metal at its melting point [m.p of metal

= 420 C; sp. heat capacity of metal 250 Jkg1 K1 and sp. latent heat of fusion
of metal = 29000 Jkg1]

Ans. Proceed as Q : 19

[Ans. (i) 80,000 J, (ii) 23200 J]

21. A refrigerator converts 100 g of water at 20 C to ice at 10 C in 73.5

minutes. Calculate the average rate of heat extraction from water in watts.
[Specific heat capacity of ice = 2100 Jkg1 K1; sp. heat capacity of water
is 4200 J kg1 K1 and sp. latent heat of fusion of ice is 336,000 Jkg1].

Ans. Heat lost by water at 20 C to attain temp. of 0 C

= mcF =
Class-X

100
kg 4200 20 C = 8400 J
1000
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Question Bank

Heat lost by water at 0 C to form ice at 0 C = mLice =

100
kg 336,000
1000

Jkg1 = 33600 J
Heat lost by ice to attain temp. of 10 C

J
100
kg 2100
10 C = 2100 J
1000
kg. C
Total heat lost= (8400 + 33600 + 2100) J = 44,100 J
44,100 J

Rate of extraction of heat =

= 10 Js1 = 10 W.
73.5 60 s
= mcF =

22. A cooling machine freezes 1.2 kg of water at 20C, into ice at 40C in
12 minutes. Calculate the average rate of extraction of heat energy in watts.
[S.H.C of ice = 2100 Jkg1 K1, S.H. C of water = 4200 Jkg1 K1, S.L.H of ice

= 336000 Jkg1]
Ans. Proceed as in Q. 21

[Ans. 336 W]

23. An ice cube of mass 30 g, is dropped in 200 g of water at 30 C, such that all the
ice melts. Calculate final temperature of water. [Latent heat of ice = 80 cal g1;
Specific heat capacity of water = 1 cal g1 C1]

Ans.
Substance Mass

S.H.C/S.L.H

Initial temp. Final temp. = ? (x)

Ice

30 g

80 cal g 1

0C

R = ( x 0) = x

Water

200 g

1 cal g 1 C 1

30 C

F = (30 x )

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Question Bank

Heat gained by ice to form water at 0 C = mL = 30 80 = = 2400 calories

Heat gained by water at 0 C to attain temp. x = mcR = 30 1 x = 30x.
Heat lost by water at 30 C = mcF = 200 1 (30 x) = 6000 200x.
Heat gained = Heat lost.
2400 + 30x = 6000 200x.
230 x = 3600

x = 15.65 C.

24. 50 g of ice cubes are placed in 500 g of water at 40 C, such that all the ice melts.
Calculate final temperature of water. [Latent heat of ice = 80 cal g1; specific heat
capacity of water = 1 cal g1 C1]

Ans. Proceed as in Q. 23

[Ans. 29.09C]

25. 10 g of ice at 0C absorbs 5460 J of heat energy to melt and change to water
at 50C. Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. Specific heat
capacity of water is 4200 J kg1 K1.

Ans.Mass of ice = 10 g.
Heat absorbed by ice to form water at 0C = m Lice = 10 g Lice
Rise in temperature ( R ) = (50 0) = 50C.
Heat absorbed by water at 0C to attain temp. of 50C

= mcR = 10 4.2 50 = 2100 J

Total heat absorbed by ice = 10 g Lice + 2100 J

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Question Bank

Also total heat absorbed by ice = 5460 J

10 g Lice + 2100 J = 5460 J

10 g Lice = (5460 2100) J = 3360 J

Lice =

3360 J
= 336 Jg1.
10 g

26. How much heat is released when 5.0 g of water at 20C changes to ice at 0C?
[Take sp. heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g1C1, specific latent heat of
fusion of ice = 336 Jg1]

Ans. Fall in temperature ( f ) = (20 0) = 20C.

Heat lost by water to attain temp. of 0C = mcf = 5 4.2 20 = 420 J

Heat lost by water to form ice at 0C = mLice = 5 336 = 1680 J

Total amount of heat released by water = (420 + 1680) J = 2100 J

27. In an experiment, 17 g of ice is used to bring down the temperature of 40 g

of water at 34C to its freezing point. The specific heat capacity of water is
4.2 J kg1 K1. Calculate the specific latent heat of ice. State one
assumption made in the above calculation.

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30

Question Bank

Ans. Fall in temperature of water ( f ) = (34 0) = 34C

Heat lost by water = mc f = 40 4.2 34 = 5712 J

Heat gained by ice to form water at 0C = mLice = 17 g Lice.

Heat gained by ice = Heat lost by water
17 g Lice = 5712 J
Lice =

5712 J
= 336 Jg1.
17 g

28. Find the result of mixing 10 g of ice at 10C with 10 g of water at 10C.
[sp. heat capacity of ice = 2.1 Jg1K1; sp. latent heat of ice = 336 Jg1
and specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g1 K1]

Ans. Let the amount of ice which melts = x g

Heat gained by ice at 10C to form ice at 0C = mc R = 10 2.1 10 = 210 J
Heat gained by ice at 0C to melt= mLice = x 336
Total heat gained = 210 J + 336x

Heat lost by water at 10C = mc R = 10 4.2 10 = 420 J

Heat gained = Heat lost
210 J + 336 x = 420 J
336x = (420 210) = 210 J
210
x=
= 0.625 g
336
Thus, 0.625 g of ice melts.

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Question Bank

29. What will be the result of mixing 400 g of copper chips at 500C with 500 g of
crushed ice at 0C.
[sp. heat capacity of copper = 0.42 Jg1K1 and sp.
latent heat of fusion of ice = 340 Jg1].

Ans. Let the amount of ice which melts = x g

Heat absorbed by ice on melting = mLice = x 340

Fall in temperature of copper chips ( f ) = (500 0) = 500C

Heat given out by copper chips = mcf = 400 0.42 500 = 84000 J

Heat absorbed by ice = Heat given out by copper chips

x 340 = 84000

x=

84000
= 247.05 g
340

Thus, 247.05 g of ice will melt.

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Question Bank