Soc ST Amh SBG5

w[}cw de
5 M
}T] SN
::w`H< KT@f
`=:`=:T w[Q
UT>::LKU L<
]G< @<
c<
=
^L V^c= ]
]wK=
UI` T>>e`
Ue
=I
SN
= IS e` T w }< unL UI` ^ Thh a
(GEQIP) T" <:: a~ LT u]~ uT>< Se UI` u? 1-12 KA

T>c< UI` ^ ThhM <::
= =^L V^c= ]wK= S KGEQIP K< w < uw`/uG` c=J
w\/ G`< c< KUk MT TIu^ (IDA)' e ^ =g?{ "K=+ (FTI CF) G
K?KAU MT
a TK L' =K= MT TIu`' @`L Ls w]> G`
` KUk MT M (DFID) <::

G<K>e` Ue< k`vM::
u= =^L V^c= ]wK= UI` T>>e`

1 GU' 2003 .U
ISBN 978978-9994499944-2-082082-7
MM-<_` T>
T> dT> `
.d.l` 5613
v'
}vu\
}vu\ [w ?T@_
<^ =}ìM dT> /}//TIu`

.d.l` 100767
=e uv
=
` uS}vu` I SN K=] UI` T>>e` }< S<' c^}M::
G<K n
SMf SkU
G Td}U' Tc^' TT
GTM =..=.] =^M ] ? l` 410/2004 ^ }T
Sw un 10 S l` 55 =e uv L 19, 2004 KLM::

eKA ^ Sw KTu` u}K S
T>Kw [ G<K< `M:: d p` Gp uT>kK< IS eL>< G<p GUc

KSK GK::
T<
U^ :
:- = ]" k S
Qx W`
`
1.1
1.1 ]" k G
G
S
S< ................................................................
.....................................................................
..................................... 1
1.2
1.2 =
= ]" k G
G Qx ]
` ................................ 5
= A ................................................................
.....................................................................
1.3
1.3 =
..................................... 17
1.4
1.4 Q
Q c` vIM M E !"# $%& ' ()*+
U ................................................................
................................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................23

................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................................................... 28
................................................................
................................................................................................
...................................................................................
................................................... 29
Kd
Kd o ................................................................
..........................................................................................
.......................................................... 30
................................................................
................................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................ 32
U^ G<K:
G<K:-
F "vu=
2.1 -./ ................................................................
................................................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................................................... 33
2.2 0 1#23 E14567 +8
+8 ................................................................
.....................................................................
..................................... 36
2.3 :1;/ !<1 =E#> =? E#@A )B (C+ DEEG
EEG ................................ 42

................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................................................... 46
................................................................
................................................................................................
...................................................................................
................................................... 47
Kd
Kd o ................................................................
..........................................................................................
.......................................................... 48
................................................................
................................................................................................
..........................................................................
.......................................... 50
U^ Ze
Ze:- A !
3.1 7 7 EE7 HB;/
HB;/ ` Ged ..............................................................
.............................................................. 51
3.2 I# E4J EE7
EE7 'K L1M ..........................................................
.......................................................... 62
3.3 ?IOG' E- P# DQQR (%S !Q TU VL#
W# =EE7
EE7 u` Ged )B '(Q+ AXA DEEG ................... 65
3.4 D!LY EE7 I#
I# E4J EZ[\ ........................................................
........................................................ 67

................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................................................... 71
................................................................
................................................................................................
...................................................................................
................................................... 72
Kd
Kd o ................................................................
..........................................................................................
.......................................................... 73
................................................................
................................................................................................
..........................................................................
.......................................... 75
U^ ^:
^:- $%& '()
4.1 QUw < ................................................................
................................................................................................
.........................................................................
......................................... 76
4.2 !Q TU l` G K< } .................................................
................................................. 81
4.3 %[M A4D]^#3 T_ ^` .....................................................
..................................................... 83

................................................................
................................................................................................
.......................................................................
....................................... 91
................................................................
................................................................................................
...................................................................................
................................................... 92
Kd
Kd o ................................................................
..........................................................................................
.......................................................... 93
................................................................
................................................................................................
..........................................................................................
.......................................................... 95
E
= ]" k
S
S Qx W`
E T>u
T>u
<?
<?
=I U^ }U^G< "k
"k %EL
A A
I)*+ A ,- ./
I)*+ $. 67 / 89:
!"#$ %&''

!01/ 234&::
;<= (?)
234&''
A!, < < ;<= vq MLG<''
I)*+ $. B.C$ ,- ./
!0Y/ < < ?/
;<=#$ /D&''
" E3 " Y FG- I)*+ HEI !% AJKB L%
AM ANO %P, !Q 9+&''
1.1 ]" k G

G
S
S?@ %
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`

A/
A
A " M , XY eK=) Qx V%:: A A " ;% V e9
=) ]" k S' eK Qx Z^< T^LG<::
]" k
%
%^ S
S
^ S U AB
A
J <nLG<;
!" TK Y^ U ` !" u"vu=< T>< K?KA a 94[
}â !4J\ T ,]^ FS9 <:: _ ALU &%3 H`

!a` %) ,]^+, !2 &&:: A
!" !2 A 1
6N JB !" !09b c &% Nd%::

A
A
!" A `
A ` ;%% 6N Ap !" D`
D` $q A& 6N
ArL Ah T ,]^

,]^ N9
N9%::
%:: A
A
!" AN A3ct

A3ct A
A
u9b N&%::
N&%:: AN A3ct Jf` 13` mvD
mvD ED NL&\::
NL&\ AN
A3ct
A3ct U4 ;w !2 A
A
!" !09b Nx&%::

Nx&%:: 94[
mvD 13 6N Jf ED 9 !09b Nx&%'' A
!" 9!9
,]^+
,]^+ ,.I Ey0 AB&X #$''
G- A ;% A

!" /$&? ;;9"$ !" 09e''
G- A ;% A
!"
+f
A

NL&%''
9
N!&V%?
N ALU A F9$ +f
+g$
B.h
9$
3 b
Ai+
,$::
% 1.1 Em!9n ALU$ 3 b

%; N!&%:: o A
F% +f J./%::
1.1 E F G!.H IG A J

&.(K (?K LMN
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
A #A AOP) #G A IQ K?

K?
A Fg$ 1
A ,$:: N ;% Ap- 1
t A% ,$::
A z9 3 b N{ 6m ACD LH NL% (%1.1 !%n):: ucT@ UY^p
vH` Q vH[ cL? T <cM:: =G< Y^ ue}u<w UY^p V Q <3e

M::
]" k G
G |/ 2 <:: fTK=
U
U
u Y^ Q
<3
<3e v <:: I fTK= M ? vH
vH[ cL? k vH
vH` Q
<3
<3e KM:: =IU Y^
p` k N!&%::
N!&%:: 9o ]" k T>K<
eT@ }
}< =
= 3 e < 9 Nx&%::
Nx&%::
]" k G
G
T>}K< "` uV #> ]" k G S)S) LLG<;

A 9 U9<VWG
=9 >?A
?`^
A! k vI`
150
150
u<+
u<+
300 AK
300 XY )
Qm vIC cL?
=
c
=e uv
U
UY
<
Vn=j
"UL
y=]
}N3
Q <pe
U` w
au=
1.2 A 9 U9<VWG
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
]" k ^ G "M:: A FL\ I)*+` fTK=' u<+
?`^ <::
J2C 1.1 A K` < _x#$ < _x#$ A AL +&#$

A
Z # [ X.
=9 >?A
I)*+
1,106,
06,000
000
A AL
=9 >?@ >AU A#I

.WG ) #X.
#X.
-
u+
637,
637,657
_z
1070
Q
117,
117,400
A1!
1080
yv:
23,
23,200
yv:
782
]" k &e< G
,T <;
]" k ` F<J7 G<K G \:: X=IU ? c< <:: c< ]" k
ue}U^w T>+e c=J'? V ]" k ue}u<w NM::
Kd .+1.1

.+
<
G. u<k L }SW[~ o
^ S U TK <;
^ S Tp KU NpTM;
K. T>W
T>W- }v^
]" "` dK<::
u"`G< L ]" k S%~::

k vH`' [w vH`' ? vH[ cL? Q <3e "~::
]" k G ue< 3m % J ; I/ &N A-''

1"
" _____________________________
2"
" _____________________________
3"
" _____________________________
4"
" _____________________________
T>}K< x u9 S[ K<''
]" k G
G
}V<
1S^
u<+
=e uv
fTK=
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
1.2 =)
=) ]" k G
G Qx ] J
J`
U ES A.TU ! D
N U E V&'V&' #I,-.9 #A &' =9 =9 !? A 9 !? ] <
B.
!? A NjM kl ! ?>?9 e!AWG BK* 9
#A T>' =9 =9 KAHM :e9 i %
#I,-.9 #A .BG mKAH VV n^ kl *J K< ao
#S A 9p* %
I,-. q Eb ?>*K ) ar #S %
Be*/ I,-.9 A NY* . A 9p %
e*/ I,-. NY* * /9 sBt / J=\< B.

8:\
!? A
!? ]
G ^ S)'
S)'!? A 9 !? ]
< #I,-.9 #_.
1. J$ %y A !"
?A< G ^ S) Eab NBc
Ap A 9N A I)*+ ?+ J$ %y A !" !d#$ 9+P
3 A& 0 N2
\'' N . 9+P 0 mB ,$'' 3 A& 3

! (Archeologists) N U =/ +C\'' /$
3 A&
9!A A _;-'' 9+P ! 9+P 3 A& A0g <%'' 94[ I)*+ $
3 A& 3
! 0 Emd, /$&? E .w +9$ $ .
ADv''
1.3 #e@9 >?B>* #=

B&>?f e.g<
h
# 1.3 K &*G
e*/ G #Ei .SG
bG?
B ?NI) K$# b#)?
1.3 e*/ <
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
$
a; )} ACJN I)*+
3
A& 3
! (archeologist)
#$'' FL% 1 ./

3 A% C$ +6 2UD #$'' 3
A J& F% !2+ J./%''
J& 3 A% g$ 1998 (E.Q.A
2006 .) , '' J& 3,300,000 !/
GC H] %y ,C'' H],
Ef _ Ud J& 3, !B2
120,000 !/ GC '' (J2C
1.2 !%n)''
1.4 z/) ,| Sn9K
2. p
p} "L S
S Y^
!? A 8< *Gu?
#!? A 8< vKb ?NI K>9E9f?
c$ p} "& }q[< T><v< x 3} "L S Y^ uSvM

nK<:: `=' I%n# 3,(Lucy) X cLU c p} "L <:: X=I
T[ }K p} "L S Y^ ulKa }< <::
1.5 ?A< #!? A Bx K
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
. p
p} "L S
S Y^ u=)
u=)
!b} E9 A IQ E?'
*Gu?
u=) K? p} "L S Y^ A\ X=I x T>< u]~ }K

"vu= <:: X /< J< 3 A& !" 1 T>< Jf U1^p =)
u}KU u` wN?^ ML SY <:: `=' I%n' 3, (Lucy) cLU uSvM
T>l p "L ula }< AK MM <:: p} "L ET@ A!
}K <:: p} "Ln }<v< Y^ Ef+#$ o / C$ c[
}"}~ 9d, S[ uV !%n::
J2C 1.2 AK 9+P

Kh }< 3] A& Ef+#$''
p
p} "M eU
`=
p} "M S
S Y^
^T>e
ET@
4,400,000
=M~
H@`
160,000
3, (Lucy)
cLU
P`
3,180,000
=
="
3,300,000
g A!
1986 (E
E.A.A 1994) .
1995 (E
E.A.A 2003) .
1966 (E
E.A.A 1974) .
1998 (E
E.A.A 2006) .
uc[ 1.2 }SK~ p} "L ` wN?^ ML
SY <e u=JU'
uK?KAU G^ MKA p} "L S 1 E\ N/6%:: 94[ OhF+ ;%%
ED < { SM" l_ uSvM T>p p} "M S 1 K:: I Y^
L v/y F6m$ ! 50 =KA T@` `k L M:: uu<w wN?`' wN?[cx
Qx ML
S1 K?w p} "L S Y^ K<:: ? u` "vu= K?KA
p} "L S Y^ E\ N/6%::

9. 3 A& !" 1 ?+
?+ 9+P AU ./
J$ 3 A% 3
!" 1 A\'' , 0 /
3 A% 3
g /< 1 n (-a%) }N3 x N"%'' U NL&%''
n }N
x ZBC CJD !2+ ,$'' o 1 1930 h A A
O JD &N J $ / 3 A% 3
AJL<%'' E, S \
u L9On f u` Emo %#$ x u L9On F u #$'' U
/ ./
J$ 3 A% Ef 2D TN !+ !% 1987 (E.A.A 1995) .
F u g$ 3 A% 2 ,$'' U g$ ./

3.2
3.5
Fu)
F!
d
A$w
A!
J$ 3 A% Ef
F%
4N4
!2+
J./%'' A! A F9$ +f n g d p }N3 9

,$''
L }S9~ S[ =) ?+ u]" k F p} "L S"
!d#$ +4+\'' IU =) A %P `M:: I)*+ c m
S] ALU Em,C CT. %:: uG<< p u}K ]" Ga F< Qx
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
kU Sh I)*+ Em,C /$%:: u"vu=G< p} "L S Y^ "K< u"M

}G< KSw KX=I ]" p`f un MT u<LG< [ A p::
J) 99 E 9 mKAHM

KAHM A:e #A
1. è
#I,-.9 #A &' mKAHM ~ 9WG?

#I,-.9 #A &' mKAHM E Eh A n
è NG =) v< u330 S} UH[ "vu= , :: I HT

+ AL _Ue !L% N/6\:: u=) 9!!+ XY !$ u?} `+
A;S b) + NL&M:: è I)*+ }kuK !!+$ c<U <1 I , ::
AL _Ue V SS]< I)*+ e u\:: e EC0 \ #$
Nh u< cLT D%:: =I u%EL ; HT K?KA G]~ KA ke uke
K=e %::
-
è T })
}) è+ !L% N/6\::
N/6\
EeMU NG })
}) m0_ S<eK=V NL&\''
2. XeMU
E 9 mKAH B. kl E A E :;
E% NG !ZC $ u<w CU+ , :: NGn !1 ,UP !}! ,-''
N E 63n ,- S" S] NGn &% \ !!+ NGn
/) = _& =/ AJN <#<%:: I u<M }u? [e =) ; E, /) ` u u}L C<%:: XeMU
HTU u=) }e< JL "$ ! ;9 A! h ,$'' o+ XY h
XeMU è HT }) I) ucLU !G#$ N/6%:: o ;+
I)*+ ; :+G u_ ADC$ J& FG-L ::
9o uG<K~ HTG }) S"M }vwa B3h S` vIM SW[ K< =
>? Ua ,$:: A L9 A! G<K~ HT }) Nvu^K<! up` w[<
K<` uuL NvuK<` X"D [dG< U SK SM KK<:: 0
m/ 63 NC\'' A#$ F, 2& A, N!;/\'' 9#$ E D%b0
T EN J$ A, NZ\'' N I)*+ D NG /) A, FG-L
!dM +4+%'' I
EE` Y` =) Qx Z vIM SK SJ< Tu`
A2;h !2% c AB&X ,$::
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
Kd .+ 1.2

;$
G. uX<k L }SZ
}SZ[~ o
u=) ; :+G S<eK=V S"M c q< TT ucLU
wa S` < e< 2f/ U <;
HT SM KU eMM;
u=) HT SM X=Kw X} e} !d A9;
I)*+$+ NG %P,/#$ I)*+ A,/#$ 4+2KL#$`
I)*+ A,/#$ NG/ %P,/#$ 4+2KL#$ %P, A,`
A, %P, E Ax9$ EmG- 6+P''
3 A& !" 1 L% 9 ,$?
3 A& #$?
K. FZ
FZ- 0L
u]" k =) M T>` a `^G< !] uLG<

Tem cK? L K::
[w vG 1 . ;% $. FmC$ $NN &N
4 ::
Z2C 1.2 Cv 3 A& Ef 3m % %3 6m
A'
Ef A] 9A! J$ 3 +9$ "$ 3 A% ,$?
e*/ I,-.9 A N8

N8*
16
AJ.
12
NK
A
A

IZ
I9).
|U.
I
A
O

O@
E(K*
A.
Â

>Z
A
|n)
200km
Scale
34
38
42
45
1.6 I,-. e*/ N8*
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
=) u]" <e S1 ekV }!Z[ v< . Ah S"M A :: .

XY I)*+ A+[ !01/ ,-::
#I,.9 #A A IQ b# e*/ N8* S)
e*/ N8* b## A IQ NBc
1.
u=) E A !JC kU S1 , :: I S1 ^
g=I S/ u uMK< !1 Emu` /$%:: !0 AG
A Ah +2%% , :: 0D]$+ T < u[<:: o
;+ w S`x u}T> N!&9S , :: ù?
u`:: ./ w]< 9n Ec N, 9A% 1 /#$ N2L#$ , :: uu?}
Spf< E,o7 Ec N, +S Em, /; !0D +C\::
2.
T
A N8 ;G b#)?
T 2,500 S u ucT@ =) u[ S ,$:: TM ,C

1 < c<U }T ue}u<w u`:: T !0 u<w ACU+ ,< ` uk
u[<:: T <1 S] S<"]w NL% u`:: I S] K+" T
EC0 , :: u<w [U+ S]U N7 EC0 +f N2 , :: o uG<Kn
MKA S"M uk < Xu` 63 Nx&%::
3.c&*G AJ |G x) ?((K b#n A |G
p@ >b#n# 8 >[ I v* # ?b!Y E ) ?E z
b#) K9 #1997 v. E ? # @ 8G EUp
?) A 9 ?NI) AK ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bao |G ?E z b#nG E = ) bG?

. ) #. S >I,-. x) vKb N'b b#?
|G >p# 8 A b!Y E. ) . EG AbG?
|G E. ) ?EG B vA b#)?
#n |G E EUB BA nN ?VBG E
bG?
% 1.7 cp# ?b!Y
E ?E z >n kl UYA./ ) ) # E I,-. B
10
::
::
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
A;S Em !01 !$ 150 ! 9 , :: o+ A! A;S 0 AG

0N# A# AK # Op% pE ;%&
!01/ Q mvL
;%
+2%% , ::
c<< c= D }SW[}< uw` L u`:: uVL 0 c<<
S] u= U ud %:: uk vH` &N ./ < K=e w < TM
uC::
63n c<T< Tu[cw ' S_ u`' v] + , ::
c<T< " KA= A3 ,#$:: o , S`x' AD+ !01/' u?}
Spf }<M !L 9$ , :: }$% Ce &%3 . , :: c<T<
}<M uG<< p A;S !$ N/+\:: }$% 9G^ ~]e SeIw,
+90&\''
/; m $. c<U S1 eU}< U} S SS] e u %::
Kc<U S1 SU }K U k4K<:: X,=I U S"M [w
S<eK=V !, uk vH` & }""] J !g u`:: u= ` p [x
K=e w :: 9o c<T< 0 + ,C$ U c/#$ qL<
}S:: <e.U ,1 $ , :: E, S u? `w a ,-:: O A D
Amh uc N8* &.)G b) bG?
cM eT@ J./%:: &u& F9$
eT@ +g< LuuL uSvM T>k< < <1 +f u`::
Em A;S \ 0 c= D }SW[}< uw` L , :: 63n 0
Tu[cD
vL uw< S_ u` u\:: uHTU [ 0 CJD `'

E%# AN %
XU }N u :: 0 KU è+ S<eK=U
S1 ` u6 L }SW[} u^<:: 0 S S1 A$h8

è+ !9" 13 S<eK=V !% " m +BJJ , a , '' N
0 ; :+ Ud7 =I ` }" Mu\U:: o+ N%3 G<K~U `
SY`}< u`:: o ;+ S<eK=U u[< =\dK?U K=) è+
Ku?} è+ SY] T>J S_ !2n N/6%:: I `> o+ 63 u=)
<e è+ S<eK=V ucLU w[< S^< FSL }T] T[ <::
11
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
0 AD"$ >?+< KHTG MKA +$\ , :: o ;+ 63n p

<p` w} è+ !L 9<%:: /,e AD+ ; :+ _ 1#$ !$
N"\:: M X c .BG

A b9 b bG?
Y@9/. 8)E N8
N8
0 1 6 !01 %c A! +$
I)*+ Ac2
1 6
!01
Jw_
u1262 .U , '' 90
!$m3
!mD
;+
d,$
!2
, ::
Jw_ SD 0 !01
% 1.8 LK=uL <p` u?} è+
6 !01 %c L9O dM%:: A ! 1 6 !01/#$ Jw_ 1`6

!01 D9$ JN!$/%:: N o+ XY ,C$ S1 .3\ è+ !01
!L% N/63 u`:: uSS] =I S1 TM mvD 6w &N !1 , :: u%EL 0
E&
=) Fg$ g $%::
/; EmF/6$ =) S"K< S è+ uS<eK=U %c= S"M [U

>? 6Jm ` }"H>a , :: 0~ !1Q u=) <e ,C$ K+" 1%c
ul` Y` 9TM mC ;; u`:: N , 9è+< !01
X}S S ;+ dM%:: o , ; :+7 !01 T\ v
cT@ A$%:: o ;+ rm < d , :: ; :+7 !01 `
!01 F% +f N/6%:: o+ 63 ,- D rm ,1/ O !01,
F+90\ H !L 9<%:: uG<< p H] ` /< ~]c SeII
#$''(% 1.9 !%n)''
% 1.9 ` A.? N8*
12
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
5. S<eK=
S<eK= M=
M=
=
#I,-. :\M ; b#n?
_ XY AN& w =) TM Em,C N/6%:: A2&N AN& E%

6m I)*+ D EKK ;+ d , :: 10"$ ;9 A! h 6m !}% I)*+
F+v 0 !!h &N u %c= ! 9<%:: X=I S1
!
NL\
c<M
, ::
A
!ZCn
!+#$ EC0 !, %c= NL\ , ::
u
!01/
%c
F9$
10"$ 16"$ ;9 A! !%
I)*+ / u %c= ,-:: u %c= c /6

G=' ='
v[' h' ^' M g u\:: \ u %c= IK %c= c 2
, :: IK %c= !1 U! 6& NL&%:: N %c S F2 6&
1 6 !01 A
%:: 14"$ ;9 A! V& 6& ! E&#$ 6m 1
I)*+ A$C<%:: AS E% /<$ A% %c= ! d,<%:: }C A%
6& ! 9: E% ,C::
16"$ ;9 A! !!+ &N I A! ID ID A%To (IS ^) A%
!,n I/ 6%:: }C E\ A %:: 1521 E 1535. (E.Q.A 1529-1543) I
A! I)*+ A ! dG , :: E S 1%c A! V& }C +
0D u,L %:: }C 2& 9!&% IF 7 AN, }C 0D
D%:: A 0v ./ }C + N"%:: N 0D A7 XY r% 0D
!L% N/6%::
u17< ;9 A! _$ A% 0 =e S1 wp
K:: I S1 N[` QT>_ NL% , :: =I S01
SY^ QT> K= =D < u`:: N ! }C HED
!mD AL% , :: }C HED I)*+ O JD
T ,$:: !C$ }C ! QF AD& , ::
!C 1887 .U N[` QT>_ S =) "M
dM%::
6. _ !0Y
!0Y
@ #& $. &*E] 8< #G I,-.

A IQ K' b#)?
#Ao kl @ & $. .WG e 8< e
_ ./
% 1.10 I&) A
I)*+ !01/ A d A;S !01 A! A1 ,C ,$::
!ZC $ LN 6E mvD |% , :: _9F 13"$ ;9 A! ,C ! . _
, :: A7 63 6&N/ { _ [ FL% 6C A9:: o+$ 6C m0_ _ !L%
F/63 CD/ N"%:: N 1 ./ $ _ 0 A% , :: 14"$ E ! _
; :+G 6C !+ H%$$ A;%::
13
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
7. L SY
SY
EK* N1 ?n?G #G A IQ b#)?
V SY <k u%EL L S1
}v9< V u`:: L G<K
L 1 6 !0Y L TL uSvM
[ uSvM T>p Y` S1 ux<
cT@ =) Z] u\::
wp K:: L SY SY^ V 9T>

Y` S1/ vL ,-:: SS]<
3 , :: 15"$ ;9 A! V& V
}};%:: =I Y` S1 S1^
L S] " uSvM T>p }u[ T[ u^<::

`S[~ cww
Xc' uqKA' e' we' u<' UvJ u-:: =I
u}T]U L ^v S1 QI `
< u[<:: S[h< L <1 " , ::
u1886 . (E.Q.A 1894) mC$ , 6&N/ !01
!, A! =) A% dM%::
8. =` SY
SY
I9). NY ?n?< #G I,-. A IQ b#)?
I9). NY &*EG # b#)?
% 1.11 < 9
!9"$ A! I)*+ ,- !0Y/ A I + , :: N !0Y rD 6E

Jf 13 N , '' o A! I + /6 6 3 0 E% , '' 18"$ ;9
A! u !L% F/63 Oh_ r4 I + +A:: N r4 u I + FL% Oh_
!0Y
A!:: o !0 ! J ,C:: 19"$ ;9 A! J I)*+
9 ACT$ C 0 E% d A%0&9:: u J

;%&
A7 XY OhF+ D
!01 F _ A ::
9. SY
SY
>Z NY b#)?
K S"K< S w ue}u<w I) ,-

S1 u`:: K !0Y QD uSvM
N/6%'' A d, _ HED !G+ mvD
ED I)*+ ,$:: I)*+ O_:; O JD
T HEI #$:: 63n c= D }SW[}<
uw` L u`:: ALU$ 9I)*+ !9"$ A! C
0 AD" , :: 0
6 3# v EL ,-:: N ALU v ;% !" !d
N/6%'' (Coffee) F9$ E0u" !2+ 9v
J2$ v ;% g K F9$ +f Emd,
N,%''
14
% 1.12 * = [
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
o &N K I)*+ !9"$ A! ,- !0Y/ 2$ , :: !&+ qN\
/6 , ::
K ! / FL% !2+ ,#$:: o ! !2+ /6$ !C$ K
! / T , :: K !0Y 1889 . (E.Q.A 1897) ,C$ , !,
A! I)*+ A% ud %::
Kd .+ 1.2

;$ 9
G. uX<k L }SZ
}SZ[~ o
A;S }$% 0 63 AD+ ; :+ !% +9$ %P, !44N,
09''
I)*+$+ A;S }$% 0 $3 AD+ ; :+ F+A#$
.3_ A E-''
A;S }$% &u& $3 AD+ ; :+ +&#$ 89: U@
Hw KN AC''
% 0D S KUe }v;
9 &N F9$ +f !,, F/6$ cwM I)*+ $. Dw
N2%;
N cwM uG<< p u=) c= D <e K< `h U M <;
I)*+ A !!+$ !0Y !L% N/6%?
K` 6&N/ }C QF !C -''
9A;S !0Y !$m3 ;+ ,-?
I)*+ u !0Y/ %c= D9$ F2- 9 , ?
I)*+ !9"$ A! 6&N/ K !0Y/ <," ! m+
1 ! ,-?
K. FZ
FZ- 0L
I)*+ / !4% F \ A1-''
6{'- rD` LN` XO` A< O_''
}N'- c` AL+ E<N''
./ !9" A! I)*+ !0Y/ A;S 0` 6&N/` }C
QF''
9F \ ./
I)*+ !0Y/ AL A23-''
- A;S
- }C QF
- 0
- IK
15
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
]"9
]"9 K+" ;=\<
m % Cv U4 E 9I)*+ 9 A ALU HEI !0Y/
//$4&'' E,o HEI !0Y/ 9+P XY+ ALU$ ,- #$''
E+
HED
!0Y
2F
0L
!01/ HEI F \ / 89:
6#$
N/6%''
./
I)*+
E B.C<%''
1. X

w u<w [u= ` < u^<::
G<K~U S1 ,1/ u\<::
Y S] S<"]w !L% N/6%::
2. c<U
"^ 1 ,-::94[ 4"$ ;9 A! A;S p1 ,C$ I
!0Y A60%''
9!!+ XY ; !01n NG A %''
$ ] h$+ ` p`w < uC<::
`p' w` Ne 4:_ !3Cb 23%::
AD+ !01/' u?} Spf N<M wM::
n Xe AM c< C e , ! u<w [U+ , ::
fhN
3.
0
up~ u\ è S<eK=U S1 ` J&
K? <3` w} è+ wM::
< uC<::
4.

SY
SY
AD+ !01/ A%
AD+ ; :+ D~%''
5. N[
N[
uN[` }T <] w D%''
!9"$ A! N[` =) S<eK=U vIM TM Ed A %''
6. Oh_
. A! Jg A m
1 ,#$ I)*+ HEI #$?
Oh_ DC JD HED A m 1 &N !ZC , '' Oh_ 1

!n F t V& 1%c 00 NmC0 , '' 16"$ ;9 A! V& 0 A
Oh_ A 9N mvD ED I)*+ 1 !96. h , '' o
ALU JL Oh_ !0Y/ !1 $ , '' 9n !01/ !ZCn 69T , ''
E,o !0Y/ [ 9 [ , !L% N/6\'' - An XO 6E ALU
!1 $ , '' E,o !0Y/ u I +` ` ` r p NL\ , '' E,o
9+P !01/ 1878 . (E.Q.A 1886) h A! I)*+ A% d,<%'' [w
I)*+ ALU FG- Oh_ r 1 A m 1 !G .9$ , '' N
E 19"$ ;9 A! D+ &N \ rX A! I)*+ A% d,<%''
16
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
7. O
mvD D ` DCJI HEI D ;%% F | O JD T HEI #$''
Oh_ 1 !J9 A m 1 ,#$'' A m 1 \< NL%
, '' O A m 1 0 Em Oh_$ !L% N/63 , ''
8. f
mvD D DCJI HEI D ;%% F | O JD T HED
#$'' A }C0 &N !ZC !B 91%c F
,#$''
E E 1 LH& E$/#$ N/6\''
Kd .+ 1.2

;$ }
G. uX<k L }SW[~ o
^n =) ./
SY p`f H+$ -K U <;
- c_
X=I p`f p G<@ K<::

uKU k pè D, }SuM;d, N 9 ,$;
K. FZ
FZ- 0L
=) pè TM T>dP e "` UeKA cveu<''
uLG< T L 4+ 1 ''
KLG< }T] XF}K< v pù<''
- eK =) p`f
- p`f uSup [ T>
u< SY`G< c<U' 0' `' N[ ' *aV

=) SY HEI Y^ <? uSSw k^G< v
KM G< pù<''
1.3. = A, A! ,

U ES A.TU ! D
=I U^ }U^G< "kn
"knG< u%EL' I,-.G. # fb9 A b BA = b#nG $* *
#I,-. S9/ Arr) SK )
#n>?G A ?=O E..

S9/b
A b
17
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
I,-. F A b BA = b#nG $*
eL>
I,-. GF ?NI/ abG E b#)?
I,-. GF Bbb $#! ZK b#nG?
A1 A2,"$ +"$ ;9 A! u=) Qx ] M Y^ L<:: E,o A!
u=) $. e AN G<@ }e}M::
. =)
=) <H
<H
=) T} }kk< u19 U} S D+ &N ,$'' =IU } m %
I)*+ ALU ,- 9+P S1 Qx u TL S1 Y` 29<%::
I < ^] M uS [ Lk e}b ,C$:: =)< I M
X ! Emx\ <nLG<; o .+ & .w /"&''
9. u< ^] L }g
}g M
A1 A2,"$ ;9 A! ]" Qx u<a< 3 Y` lu u`:: =)
u]" w ] G` u[:: I ud x9$ =)< K= 3 u
` &N M uS< u`:: : 23 1888 . (X.?. Su= 1 k 1896) uK=
u=) S"M u }T A3U+ L ` }"H@a , :: u=I ` K= ^]
KS }K G]~ KA }$< =) Qx }" JM::
` u)
u)
g SUU
9=)
=)
Qx w[ Lk
e} u[<:: M la u L }k SS]$
SS]$ M u`::
IU M =)
=)
uK?KA
=I
]"< =)
=) ]
] }UdK? `< SSM
K?
]" Qx u^ w` A %::
A %::
9<%::
9<%:: N m0_ ]" w[ K?KA 9AK <^ ` b/u?
u=)
u=) }T
e uv &N E!ZCn AUN ;+ dM%::
dM%::
9o X =) ,/ Em A ,/ pS G< u}k M M\

v%EM:: X}U N7 K uS}M G^G< T<U .n KS&M ^dG< AT
`v%EM::
}. I)*+ A! , A!
A! , 9 ,$?
!m N, A!
g N"\?
19"$ ;9 A! !Lm 20"$ ;9 A! !0U+ &N 9+P A!
D <%:: E,o I)*+ 6m A! , ! <%::
18
6m I)*+
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
I)*+ A! , C XY 6Jm m , ''

, '' A! , 19"$
19"$ ;9 A!
!Lm h E 20"$
20"$ ;9 A! A%%::
A%%:: A! , DC JD $.
9$. c 9 ,$::
,$:: A! !J ;+ 9$ 9+P
NB\''
!a NB\
'' !,, }sT~ E/6
mCp AD"$ &%3
}V u`:: N E E,o _ 9N < $ A! ,
&9!% 2 +\ $_ $ , ::
, :: N I)*+
HED A !2 S
S C0 %::
%:: 9$ !%'!%'- LMp
}V E'
'- UI` UI` u? Se'
Se'- S UI` k
kJ
TK''JS< c wp TK
- S
S !
! A%0w
A%0w Se'
Se'- c x x S` Hdx Sg
Sg E'
'- 0% bH
bH
!KK
A++E A2L3 !KK

- 2 TL S1
S1 SSY[ <, N24\''
!!+ < < A!

1. D
I)*+
!++ AD
!++ w 90 1 E3 9;+ c AB&X ,$:: !++ AD K<L
%; ,$:: U>M SS]< I)*+ D !++ w u1894 .U
A4!<%:: N D !++ w T] _ !++ AD ` }Sdd u`:: I
w KSS] >? }S< K= G` , :: M T B2C$ , AD
!n 6m [d < }T 8]e }$%::
2. vu<` } 0L/
vu<` S S ! <` <:: vu<` } 9!!+ XY u=) /6$
1886 . (X.?. u1894) u`:: =e uv u<+ ` uvu<` SeS` KTg A
BC4N |L+ T eUU <M } %:: } !!- 0L/ !C$ 1891
(X.?. u1898) , :: 1910 (X.?. u1917) } !!- e uv %::
UeM 1.13 vu<` |=
19
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
3. eM K?^
K?^
eM K?^ u=) S/p e uv E u<+ !% ACT$ } !!
$ ,$:: eM K?^ SeSa }[< } !!- &N FZ- L9+
T" <::
4. e MKA
1886 . (X.?. u1894) A %; e Uwa X=} AA$ , :: o ;+
e Uwa 8]e !<%:: N !d7 =) 1900 . (X.?. u1908)
KU k e MKA w[ vM Ed B3a&/%:: N 63 X<}
MKA I)*+ }S[u 63 u`::
5. v
AD
E$$
0
E3
L;
A%0w
NB%T\::
X=I
Xpenc?
KTkL 1897 (X.?. u1905) u=> v uSvM T>k< SS]< v I)*+

u %:: 6J, XY V& I v =) !++ AD 6C w h
3CD %:: SS]< [k w
u=) <. 1 &N <9$ 1907 .
(X.?. u1914 X u1915) !/ &N , ::
6. S O
u=) SS]< S u? T U>M 2" mC /u? , :: N
u? uG<M 2" mC u? !$ 1900 . (X.?. u1908) ,<::
UeM 1.14 U>M 2" n O) u?
7. JeM
SS]$ S1 JeM T U>M JeM ,<::N d/% !$
1902 . (E.Q.A u1910) u`::
20
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
UeM 1.15 T U>M JeM
8. F+ O
I)*+ !!+$ F+ O !$ 1903 . (E.Q.A 1911) , :: N F+
O AEh !L% N/63 ,C$ An !!+ TYc + , :: TYc !
m0_ A A! , !9t , ::
9. A!
d%
1899 . (E.Q.A 1907) E cNn !!+$ d% A:: + XY d\ E d%

!L% N/63 , :: N d% A +4 $. N"%:: A7 XY d\ E cNn d%
!L% N/6%::
UeM 1.16 E :K a
21
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
10. vDvD <q

<q
_ eH $q A3 I NB%T\'' I)*+ 9!!+ XY $q E
A w 6mFg$ 0
%; O !01 Em m r , ::
11. 00 J .3 &N <%

o XY %3 00 J O !01n H] A &N 2%.w , :: N
00 J N/N , :: o J o+ I/ !g !,D Yr 1#$
J ; E+$7 /I , :: N [&$ A! , !9t , ::
12. Q[;; A%0w

Q[;; D qN% d, A! ;Gw ,$'' u=) SS]< ?K?]
%0w !J2 }S[< 1923 . (E.Q.A u 1930) u`:: SS] ?K?] A%0w
E+ mC$ /&
%; O !01 , '' I d,$ kT qK 1Lc? Y`
1 u}u p u`::
13. S SL Z
S !&+ W^ u}d" G<@ !ZC $ u qK 1Lc? S, S1 u`::
1923 . (E.Q.A u1930) u< A J A!
Z Z%2 1 h , ::
1%2$ !!+ J 9O !01n ;D AD , :: 1928 . (E.Q.A 1934)
A! Z J%2" O d9/
%::
L C$ E E uA A2,< ;9 A! SC u+< ;9 A! !!+ &N 6m
I) v S }sT +!9;/%:: G< X= I H> +< ;9 A! 4s`
kLDM::
Kd .+ 1.3

;$
G. uX<k L }SW[~ o
M Scu= uG^ KU uS~ u^M;
M =) KU [[;
I)< uK= L M X=k e} [ T>\ C 4[ uScwcw LG<
}T] X=v< p''
M Lp eSM eU Xe e` e K F AZ) b EU$) PO &9 .WG J.M
$!(
#I,-.9 #A F AZ) >Arr) SK x) .BG N'b *
#I,-. #>?A9 #$) #>?9 #!? 8< #&H F > .BG
IO9 Arr) SK ?((Kb9 b %

IO

>?A
$)
Q
Qw c`
` M
M
A IQ. F A Z) ?$xx EK ?#*?b bG?
F o ?n?G #E) EK #> A)Qb bG?
#F AZ)9 #:\ */ E! u K b &e \*< 9WG?
HED AJKB \ ALU !44N ANm9'' A I/ HED 2T0 NG%''
[w I/ m0_ /G NG%'' c= D E3 Emo I/ 6m I/ 9+
,$'' A ALU E &N !ZC AMM /N [w m0_ D A U, &N
!ZC Nd%'' E,o %P, !Q ,$?
% 1.17 #>? A vQ &*K F AZ)
23
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
% 1.17 " ALU HED AJKB +9$ b/ +4+%'' \ EmF/$ "
ALU HED AJKB 2TT ,$''
1.18 #!? A IQ &*K F AZ)
E3 " ALU F/N HED AJKB / , ,$'' " E3 " ALU c=
D/
E3 9+ ,$'' " ALU HED 7h AD"$ E D A U,
!ZC ,$'' E3 " ALU m0_ D E L/ c= D K N/+%'' N E
pN .w K &''
Kd .+ 1.4

<
G. uX<k L }SW[~ o
1. " E3 " ALU !% +9$ HED AJKB %P, ,$?
2. " E3 " ALU K F/ c= D/
E3 "$ ,$?
3. ALU+ "$ N!mL%? ALU+ HED AJKB c= D/
E3
E+,] 9;& AC''
IO9 Arr) SK b

" E3 " ALU !% +9$ %P, AJKB c= D/
E3 Dx 6J,
ANm9'' [w / %P, A#$'' < < A!TD` A9L AMM %P,

#$''
#IO9
#IO9 #Arr) SK b K ?EH
?EH &.( J.M
HED AJKB A DC` B.h D ! A!. !9+ , u9+N N&%''
%P,n E EmFB2 E E E!%''
24
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
1. ` w[
A DC A ALU 9D XY F/N A =/ ,$'' A DC NA <,
3EY !2 ED 1 #$'' A DC A ALU F <% HED
AJKB u6 N&%'' !9 " J 9 ED 1 +&#$ ALU 9J 7h
! #$'' ;+n ALU 9 !d#$ &N J 9 ED 1
&&#$ 9E 1 9D E L/ F #$'' E,o ;+ , D J ALU$
9!G N! c\'' N m0_ ALU$ ! EcD 9F+m 0 HEv AJKB 2TT
Nd%'' " A, " ED !2 +&#$ ALU m0_ 97h ! L9!d#$
D HED ANZ L#$'' 9o HEv AJKB / , ,$'' E,o I/ D E L/
K N%''
2. }a Gw
HED AJKB B.h D !G +9!G T g ,$'' $q 9!G 64 d, B.h
D ,$'' J D$ XY JC$ F/P 6E $q 3 FL#$ ALU
,$'' 9 AB [&$ B.h D ,$'' 7h$ E &N !ZC HED AD"$ Jh
F/$ 9 AB 9 ED 1 L&#$ ALU ,$'' N =/ J ALU$
EG- 9FL#$ ALU$ 2TT HED AJKB u+% N&%'' $ $
A3 I 9 AB [9L#$ ALU m0_ / , HED AJKB NG#<%''
3. SM U`
!%; 9 ! &N F Em ` CD/` AL ` f 9 !4J\
F+2%% ! b/ ,$'' N ! b/ J AMM ANO &N bEG +4%''
\ ! b/ !% AL h 97h ! #$'' o N, ALU
!9" / G#$ !9 " J 9 ED 1 A&#$'' E,o ALU
9 !d#$ &N 9 AB 6{ !4J\ B.h D K A&#$'' 9o
97h ! #$''
) " 1
" 1 9m, ! #$'' ;+n 2& &\ 9!&% +&\'' 9o
J " ALU 2T0 $ NG\'' o , HED AJKB 2TT Nd%''
9) E3 " 1
E3 " ALU A! f 9 L#$ #$'' E,o ALU "
G#$ 9 ED 1 &#$'' $q 9 AB !4J\ B.h
D E.C N/NL#<%'' E,o ALU 9A XY Dx AI F+L !9 " ED
u3\ F\ Eb< 9FG#$ 9D E L/ E 9E 1 ANd7'' A
ALU E3 " 1 _& ,$'' ALU$ HED c= D/ E3 A! D
E L/ &N !ZC ,$'' E3 " " ALU FG- HEI 9+ A9L A&#$''
" ALU 3EY &&#$ J J %D N9D4\'' E3 " ALU m0_ "
&&#$ & 9!B +% 9% +9 %D N94%'' ALU$ O AZ
25
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
9!&% F+% !%| N,L%'' " E3 " ALU F3\ JDw FCv E4
9+P !d#$ 9n ALU 9+ A!TD NG#<%'' 9o " E3 " ALU
HEI !% L% %P, N/+%'' L% ,$?
L% A HED AMM ANO ,$'' c= D/ E3 h O
AZ ` A!TD` A9L` }A m/ A&9b =/ o`
!+ A2&N HED L% E , !9t NL&\''
F AZ) \* #I,-.

I)*+ 2CK ALU E3 " 1 B7 #$'' o , HEv AJKB
/ , ,$'' c= D/
E3 D E L/ &N !ZC ,$'' !9"$
I)*+ ! AL h " ALU B, ,$'' o , D HED 9

9E ` 9D E L/ 9m, d, 1 NG%'' 9o AL h
HEv AJKB 2TT Nd%''
" d, E3 " ALU 9 N, CJD uG N&%'' E, S 2
HED #$''
1.19 >?A A IQ F AZ)
N % % 1.17 T A,]b- 2 HED AJKB %P, +!9;/\''
1. ` Qw J
J`
I ~ Qw J` Y` uw` L }SW[} <'' Qx J` G<@ }#
}u} U }^^k }wKA uK LM::
u]~ =) / Sa X $&9:: XoI Sa Cv 6N
d`
L< r O <:: (M 1.17 1.18 }SM~):: 2 HED AZKBh Xo+ F
ud7 N&\:: XY+ 2 AJKB F C$ I/ 6m I/ FA<6- A D Amh ,$::
26
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
AD"$ XY E,o A D Amh A ALU 9 6J, XY NP 6m [& ALU N\::
E3x#$ !Q +%d, A DC# B.h D (0 1 $q)
E #$:: [& !%| A 1 F, F/N HED AJKB A&, F 0D 1 ALU$ !G#$ +!9;/%:: o N,n AJKB J A&, &% 6J,
XY A ALU NG\:: JK ALU$ ! %P %P DC NG#<%::
2. }T Qw J
J`
AJKBh 0D ,; +%d7 c= D/ 0L $ #$:: E,o 0L 0#
^p %# ^p !1' X w[ Y^ X=G<U %P %P A m 1
6 +2%&\:: ALU Em O# u cU+# d/w#
O !4J\
N"\:: E,o 9 $ M 3 A%0w
NJ/%'' 2 0 N =/ ANG '' c= D/ E3 0 I &N
!ZC ,$'' 2- 0 E D E L/ &N !ZC ,$'' HED
O AJ AMM ANO$ E 0n 2- N9+%'' o , 9n CJD
!% L% %P, N/+%''
Kd .+ 1.44

< 9
G. uX<k L }SW[n
}SW[n o
E3 " " "vU Qx <a G<@ SK , U U XJ<

Ke''
uI) u}T u` ] S"% 9< EE` Y` M ]b\::
uI) u]" k N HED ! m+ Xpenc? kc<::
Qx JB <a G<@ x x KU K%?
Lw I/ I/ 9 N9++\?
K. FZ
FZ- 0L
T>}K< Qx W\v< "vu= uSU[ =I u u}c< SS]
SW[ "H>
- " 1 F `
- E3 " 1 F `
- " 1 F }T
- E3 " 1 F }T
SS]
S[ F \ <[ x "D cveu<''
u"vu=+ F3\ cwKA !9
`w a eKF+CvA#$ Xd !9
K T><M , w`' =e] Xd X`v <? !9
Ku? v T><K< ldle !9
u"vu=+ T>\ D wN?[cx HT !9 !C JLJD KM

< T>J v p\::
27
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
] u
u
!? ] - >S9 # #?eA/ EK G } J. ?nG b#9 #]Z
Eh ?B. 0.<9 . ](]
!? A A - >S9 # @?G EK #?e EK #G } Ax ?#9 #]Z
&Eh E (9 ?JY A
IOIO- A F Ax ABI# 9 :\ */ E! u9 A$uK Arr) SK

B;
A
A
/ - #A IQ >&' ?eA/ EK G } b x) #Ab) &B
A b)
>?A>?A- >N)9 # ?) #Y .< &? #) * < #?$xP M G e

&H# )^M9 N8 8. M &'# * A IQ
$)$)- >>?A G ab * I)

!? A 88- e*/ !? A ?nG &'# EK ?pnG
&Eh# 8< 9WG
28
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
TnK
]" k I<\
<\ 1
t F ;%% ,$::

,$:: Jf 13 Qm
LHC J& N LH ` mvD 13 m0_ H $3+G T N<J%''

;%\ ^ Aa A\::
A\:: E, S I)*+` yv:` Q u+ #$''
A ./
J$ !" 1 ,$'' 9o CTt$ I)*+
?+
Kh ./
J$ 3 A& #$''
I)*+ A ALU / ./
!0Y
!0Y/ ,-'' <<
` ` A;S` 0` u c<M@`

c<M@` _` 6&N/` I +
!4J\ #$'' 9 +9 A m ,#$ Em Oh_`
!4J\
HEI <''
<''
m
I)*+
K<<''
K<<''
D
!0Y
!0Y/
$$
HEI
9
/
/
0
9:
?
,#$''
4#$
! ,#$'' ! p1 FL\ 9 +9 EC0 ,#$ #$''

94[ ,1/ D F% EC0 ,#$'' E,o !0Y
!0Y/
AD+ ; :+ !Xa u?}SY D <%''
D <%''
I)*+ HEI A !0Y
!0Y 1 29\ 19"
19" ;9 A! S[h
, '' [w A HEI 3 AE 1 6m
d I)*+ 0
,,< 2D GC D#" A ''
HED AJKB I/ 6m I/ N9++%'' " I/ 2TT AJKB

/N E3 " ALU m0_ / ,
!% c= D/
AJKB N/+%'' 9n ALU
E3` A!TD A9L %P, N/+%''
J
J` M w
w<
< XY T>c}< E ` w[#
w[ }a Gw
SG
G SL D uSdcK< U
U <::
<::
9+ vI%
vI% K=e L%
L%::
u` "vu=
"vu= u}V ALU
vIM unL T
Tu[cw A!TD`
A9L AMM ANO ,$''
29
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
E
Kd o
. F}K< C ,h M J< X< M "MJ< V }c uTK SMc< ::

1.
? ]" k ue}U^w K::

::
2.
A I)*+ K % ''
3.
c<U u=) u]" k m S1 u[::

::
4.
0 S1 u<p` w} è+ X k ,$::

::
5.
V }" S1 u`::
9. u #K$Y` k[u< SK #G$ Y` k[

k[v
v eT@
eT@
` U::

__________
1. \<
. !++ AD
__________
2. 2
9. 0D c= D
__________
3. E ~
}. 6&N/ ,1/ EC0
__________
4. /
!. I c= D
__________
5. S%c=
Z. !!+$ A!
__________
6.
C. Oh_ A m 1
__________
7.
J. u 6%
d%
. ,1/ EC0
.
. !!+$ d/%
. A m 1
}. KT>}K< o }c< T^ K
K
SMf uSU[ Ln
Ln u}}
u}}
x
x &N e\
e\::
___________1. u]" ue G`:G. fTK=
K. ?`^
N. I)*+
S. yu<+
___________2. c$ p`w >? 3} "M "$ ,$;

G. JLU
K. =M~
N. `=
S. K<c=
N. vu
S. }+
___________3. u=) "^ S<euU c<M= u[$

G. =
30
K. m<a
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`
___________4. ]" k Aa uS<K< u~ Y` nw u[$ S1 ~ <;

G. V
K. T
N.
S.
___________5. 18< U} S u%EL KXeMU Se Xm , S}LK ,C$
G. AL
K. uù^
N. ue
S. IL
___________6. M uSvM Fk< w ` <]< }v9 }T
G. `
K. ck< Y` S1 u[< S1 ~ u`;
G. L
K.
N. @^
S. T
___________9. uw` X` Y^ }v^ uT[ T>3 QD
G. v`=
K. f
N.O
S. c=T
___________10. T>}K< S"M uK "vu= !1 ,C$ *aV S1

< ,$;
G. K=S< =`
K. T
N. K?n kU
S. @^
!. T>}K< x F$ nL U }CT TEK<::

1. KQD J` !9+ U+ ___________, _________ X___________ <::
2. J& 3 A% g$
Jg 1 ,$''
3. I)*+ 9!!+ XY !$ L;
NL&%''
4. /; A A1 A2," +"$ ;9 A! I)*+ 67 AN 0L
,
E
#$''
W. KT>
KT>}K< o ` SMf
1.
2.
3.
4.
S<"]w U<?
A1 A2," +"$ ;9 A! 6m I)*+ v A! n -''
A< % KN 09e''
F}K< c K;
W.
G. IT>` wLH>
[. =
K. IT>` <` H>
c. IT>` K= ID <
N. =TU IS
S. <S` LT
5. XeMU =) E E}e Ke<::
6. p] "L S Y^ I)*+ "$ ALU N"\?
7. =) p`f X .K Sup xL%;
C. v 1
" E3 " ALU AJKB uSK'

- c= D +&#$ %P,'
- HED AJKB 1 /#$'
2 FG- J +&#$ L% %P, uv pù<''
31
= ]" k S Qx J
`
`

/$#$ ;$G !9 E+ 4. $. N () %;
A7-''
A7-''
1. A !" E%9''
2. J& !" (Jf` mvD` ED` 13)
13) !2
A !" E%9''
3. A F E2349''
4. A / !2 I)*+ A
A !" A4+9''
J&(C
(Ca
ED))
5. J&
(C
ardinal) !" (Jf` mvD` 13 ED
A3ct !2 A < < _
E%9''
6. I)*+ A F < < 3
A& 3
!" E9+9''
7. 3 A& 0 3m % .3#$ E9''
8. I)*+ A F < < NG
A!c. K E%9''
9. I)*+ A +9$ NG !xx% Cy XY
/; +9$ !d7 !AD A E%9''
!dM
10. I)*+ D E, /N !d
M !AD E%9''
!01/
11. 9./ I)*+ A !01
/ +9 A
E%]9''
!01
;<@
@
12. ./ I)*+ !0
1/ / 89: ;<
@

E9+9''
13. I)*+$+ % \, A, 9A< % ,C$
2f/ AD9''
14. I)*+ A! AMM ANO !! &C $ A <O
e[K''
e[K
''
15. I)*+ HEI !% HED AJKB %P, EB2 p%
E2pd
pd9''
F +&#$ + E2
pd
9''
16. I)*+ A HED AJKB AMM ANO T
+9$ 0, AD9''
2 '
17. I)*+ 2
' " E3 " 1 FGHEI !% +9$ L% AMM ANO !44N, %P,
E%9''
32
E

9 "vu=
E
T>u
T>u <?
<?
=I U^ }U^G< "knG< u%EL

!" # $%& $%& '(&)
(+)))
- .//
01 12 (314) 5 )
2.1
U+ E7 A4(9 5:
" U+ E+ / ;);)-
: )* 55

E7 E8;<= E7 > *% E8? ?@* 55
2 3 8A% ;<B* 55

A
A

?
! "# $% & - "# U MLG< ( )
** ?
+, - ./ 0/1 2 3 ( #455
0 E7 ** ?
" 8 0 ?
33
S_ Avu=
E < A= A<# >= A ? 3" A1:;@ 3 A= A"
B3C5 /DE AF
G AH0I 1 A=
# - )"
41
G J< 3 "KL@
i QB K A%> )" +N A#"

A#"
c
c JE)? B3I 1 # j3Rk C 'L? l
R> "'(&@ #

L AH0I
AH0I 3! "%m@
= )" A" # A" =< # )" ! "M)@ # A"
=< # )" 3! N3B E$K H=
3! N3B1 A" AH0I
3" AH +N@(@ A= # A" =< # )" 3! N3B E$K P
BQN +N RH >+ A35 +3P +N /scale/ 3Y A#G

AH
#
)"
>
EL
=
)"
>
ZZ
A"
4
(ratio)
1
+N+N- 1 n.h K 1 Y.h

" +N A= no h 3A= YE h 5E "_@ " 3
1?
1? # )" 3/ 1 A= no h > = )" A= YE
h > "Ag)@ 3 1
A ?
?
A= >!>+ )"
G B3C5 A" '1 <C + AH0I "_)@ A= B3C5
A" à b% 45 A" "c AH0I 3 "KL@ 3!D +@ 2.1 @/a
# A" =< # )" AH0I 3! +@ 2.1 3/ 1 @g A$ Ch A@#
>+ "!)@
0(? 2.1 #"F G H E IJ A #455
G "H @ 0 A %??

G
E
(

+@ 2.1 0E IJ *% A A
34
S_ Avu=
# ;<L
?
=< # +N RHq C_C %& A#G l3 A= 17 J< =< (plan)
1 =< # 3 l Et l@ 1 u vw / _ # Etx y3 1
ga 3! N3x 5M QQ +N +3 +@ 1 =< # E!+
JE +gz 4:{ 5 K A3 =< # )" AH0IL +N !C
%& H%5 A3_|1 E$P 3=< #1 +
K E+ +RL =< #1
RQ QB A%> }@ )" /~ A3 E$ A+N)a H@L mB
%& "M)@
/P A%> )" =
R 3AC +@ RQ EL'(&3 =<
A%> A / AC =< #1 L + +N >)@ 1 =< # L'(t
QB A%> Rk AC A+N) K1 =< #1 >)@ _9 R: L AC R
31 3=%B _@ 1 g<) =< # EL +v 3 4~ #/@
1 g< ! "M)@ +@ 2.2 >%1 =< # @/a AC R "b
A%>a }@ )" B@ > "@
? 2.2 MA
MA &?
gKd
gKd 4{ 2.1
g1
G. u<k L }SW[~ o
+@ 2.2 4:{ / 3/ ;) 3 /

/ 4{ 9 @+ +
=< # )" +N _|1 = L|1?
=< # !@ A%> R B3
A= =< # L + AC M31 E 1?
AH0I = 1?
35
S_ Avu=
K.
j B_
I.
g<) L "c
+ 3# +Na R> g<@

l
g< L +v 9 K J< |1 )" AkA|1
g< +v _|1 J< )" JE@ A@ga
Ch AH0I A)# K >+ l
II.
+3 $ %& AC_+
$ =< # l
=< #1 )" AbL L L F A+N
2.2 - HZ EH+:nL 12

12
U+ E7 A4(9 5:
" U+ E+ / ;);) 9 Z E IJ A%[ A*
9 E IJ 8A >(]) )* 55

N
QM
O&&M
$
P+
k uw
9 N
N ?
0ARSA 8T #AT ;U455
9 N % *??
9 N VA% 8? > ** ?
- HZ 3'L %(R ). !G xm" B èe M ;)
/A$1 g<3 ' - K<M HZ (VLL) Em) @1 !5 >_" ABGA@
/P AF C 33 @ g5 HZ _) - )" E KL|1 1
_ - 1+4 / i 3 A L - < K<M g5 A"$3 q))
K<M !" HZ A) @ - HZ Ag@ 4 q@ 1 +@ 2.3 >%1 @
E$ ! - q)) K<M !" HZ A)
1. 0(EW 8 W? #?"F55 X% N

A?
A?
2. 0WW
0WW *% #(Y
#(Y 8
8 ?
? 2.3 9 N 8$&? W?
36
S_ Avu=
gKd
gKd 4{ 2.2
g1
G. u6<k )" j%a 4{

- HZ EL @ #/@ 31 @c = 1?
- HZ 3%m /+M@ AF @ 31 R>h = 1?
A= A" Z @ )" E ! "M)@?
K. j B_
3J +N@( @ EL Et _ A'( /P Et _1 /J H
@ A$ E "$%B /P 91 )" /E 5 A$ J H
_1 A$ AH0I A./g
- - Ag31 @ /`@ A# )" %1 _ 5 B
"C0;@?
- 91 )" A$ _1 5 AH0I +./%g / 1 5
AF - )" N % >L D E +%m ))?
@ '( )) A$ @ E/@ =
@ 3'( E E$ M@ R"L ! @ A'(
9 `SA
`SA ?
`SA 1 A* ? % *??
0/a` *% b 0> EcO"/" A/< I* ? *d Ae "f E#O"/"/
R b g? *% %Ah?? bi g? *% j8 # A< O"/"
A% * ?
- 9 /Ch @ E+/ $5 @ -
1+4 31+4
- 9
'@H }!5 l3 + 1
23.5
- ./%/%1 P }!5 l3 9 )" 1

(+@ 2.4 @/a) JE )" E$
9 >4 5E
"
1 -
23.5
A"$3 "@ A$
A= A ' 5E "@ S~ Ku AB@

R 23o30 (23o) 1
9 E IJ ]
]
E IJ ?
9 E7 ?
9 E IJ X% ][ A "*??
+@ 2.4 9 `SA
EH+:n 3 A= + )" 3 J< "b 3 1 D)
A( + )" AB=
AB= = A" ' 5E A= AC AH0I
AC 1+4 3 1
37
S_ Avu=
Xom `SA
O""MA
1
A1m
`SA
9
`SA
23.5
23.5
9 O&"M
A
+@ 2.5 #AT E IJe `SAekl
+@ 2.5 E$
3g 1 A= C1 A" '1 ~ )" K A" ~ E3>> ./%/
7 .gg AH0I "%@ /P )" ./#1 AH0I1 R5 7 9

"%@
./%/ 9 )" "R>@ JE )" E$ 3/ 1 ./# n
/E 5 A$ J H AH0I +./%/ 3 - +@
!1 @ /E 5 A$
J H .// >+ @g@ B= $Bq /Ch AH0I A$ $5 AH0I

#_3@ "@ Em

/%/
1+4
./%/ m? A" AB=? 9 A31 +3P 1
@< 9 A31 3 1
G 1 ">!>!@ ">!>+ " 3 E$P
K1 - EH+:n $(3 _
c EH+:n 9 )"
$1 .gg EL }" $1 1 !!" K AH )"
EP 3 EH+:n 3>L D /CL 3AH N %H A!G L|1 - A=
AC AH0IL + /) }" 3 %4 b 3 - }" b
}!5 l3 + "_)@ HZ q)) g5 1 - HZ q))
Kk - }" b AH 3c A#_9 )" /}"
>
3 "KL@ AR:)" - 3 " EH+:n $(3 E7 L .gg
53 R |1 L|1 A C 1+4 - + 9 A= EH+:n
RLH:3 " EH+:n - .gg(Rotation) "_)@
A= 3 365 >L $Bq -
}" $1 EH+:n RLH:3
" EH+:n (Revolution) "_)@ 3a
-
EH+:n
A=
!!"

NZ L|1 - + 9 )"
$1 EH+:n /E 5 A$ J H
AH0I "/LAL@ " 3 A C
9 )" /E 5 A$ J H A=
.gg #m3 (+@ 2.6 @/a)
38
E

+@ 2.6 9 E IJ A

S_ Avu=
9 O"" 8A "*l ][

- 9 )" +./%/ + g+ "NR
E7- 1. >L D N %H
2. }" - >!>+ +)
3. +L _ q= AH0I > L|1
1. >L
>L D N %H
># `SA
>L D #/@ 31 @c > )"
; (A<) `SA

G: +?
}" /A=+ )" +" D $Bq

/A=+ _y CA 3 >L D
Q
/AH
AHL
/J<
J<
3 1 P @c J -
pg% )q
9 ' (($3) Kk 1 -

9
_"'
>L
D
Q
1 - A#_9 12 C "K

AH A"/Ca (+@ 2.7
@/a)
r) +?
9 O&&M
A
$)
+@ 2.7 ># 9 `SA
}" - >!>+ +) K eM N Y^ Kn uS_

<] KSb SK 1
2. }" - >!>+ +)

- 9 )" /E 5 A$ J H AH0I // }" /J H A$ E 5 C"
)" >!>C +) E= $(@ " B EB4 #= EH!:n !"K -
/E 5 A$ J H .// NRL +E 1
3. +L _ q= AH0I >
V ue U T>` vI` S <:: S_ iài e vQ` V p
6=k\ `M::
9
9 Q[ ][
- }" b
/ 3 12 +/)@
) >L D Q #/@ @c NR

3) AH /CL 3
. >L D Q 3
J< >L D Q E@ A"$3 " K1 - 9 A$
A= AH0I ($3 Kk 1 91 Q />4 L
+ 31 > 23o
1 " - 9 Q }" /= A5 A= + Ch D) $Bq
39
S_ Avu=
+ $5 E >!>C 3 +) E=" $(@ >L #/@ 31 Q

@c AH B_ 10 ! " 1
gKd
gKd 4{ 2.2
g1 3
G. uE
uE<k )" j%a 4{
- 9 E$K A5
- #m|1 EH+:n A+%
4= 4= EKL - L .gg 12 B3
- L .gg Am$L F A+%
K.
j
j B_
- q@ A'( /P >4 EL ' 9 _'(&

- q@ )" A!c
3. AH
AH /CL 3
AH - A#" A= J< " > HQ: QL5L
A B` R A >L D Q 314 " 1
- A#" A AH "NR E7 g% (L
<
@B <
(+@ 2.8 @/a)
@/a)
23

15 (march 21)
)
&'( 15
(Dec.22)

&/ Gs 15
(June 21)
456
,- (./ 15
(September 22)

(Sept .23) ? 2.8 $ [

/
AH - g NR g+ L|1 >L D Q >L HQ:
R QL5L A B` R /AH AH "3@ 3!D g% AH >k Q
/Da Q "@0@ >aL HQ:1 E QL R /(1 AH "3@
+3P Em AH 7 Kk _ A A a AH /Ca /+@ 2.8
@/a
40
S_ Avu=
gKd
gKd 4{ 2.2
g1 N
G. u6<k L }Sj
}Sj[~ o
Ch <> g5 g% AH Kk 3g 1 A 1 1?
1
g%L ( AH }/@ 31 @c = 1?
K. j B_
@H QB JE@ A%> )" - }" bL 3c AH
NR l@ A!c
9 23
23 <? $ [
/
3AH NR +1 - ./%/ 9 }" /b AF
' Kk 1 - Q Ch @ 3B. A$ }" AH0I ' E@L
3 >%1 B. $Bq $5 @ 1 A$ }" E(=@ $(@
$(@ A$ }"
($31 <> g5 }" % 3R Bza % > "%@ (+@ 2..9 @/a)
Ch <> g5 g% AH
A$ }" AH0I (=)@ P
$ pg% A z/
!!" AH $5 <> g5
9 A? #?"F55
/}" A$ : AH0I
"?" {0
(=)@
o: ?
+@ 2.9 &/ 0r) &0)
<> - g5
g5-
- B. g<@ 3 1 = A5

A5 + -
AB= 3 E@ ~ +3
/<) ChL? <> g5L $_? <> g5 5E
"R @ : 1 /Ch A$ $5 A" /$5 A$ Ch C% Gdw

+ - 3 E@ ~ /<)3 " + @ h (prime
meridian) "_)@ @ h - J :?L E _? <> g~
"/<)@
41
S_ Avu=
cT@ M
0
90 c
66 /2 c
`+ k uw
23 /2 c
1
? :McA
?ae
SeSa
U` w
U^v k
uw
UY^n k
uw
23 /2
1
?ae
SeSa
`+ k
1 0
66 /2
uw
0
90
u<w M
+@ 2.10 UY^n U^v &0)
2.3 AH N %H EyL /5 E_ )" 31 ZE

U+ E7 A4(9 5:
" U+ E+ / ;);) $ [
/ 009e 0") ASe s )m E IJ *%
A #NE /o* 55

Ed
")
ER
$ [
$ [ 0I~A
0I~A 8T $ [ MA 0A f 0* ARSA
jj 155
0I~A $ [ 0Ge A ;%3 *% X% #NE AW?

0ARSA
09e Ed ( 8L4 ?
0ARSA
)Q E>/ 8 ?
E>/F 8
/ 0 &A % *h??
q: } g@@ A#_9 > R /< 1 P l a AH
/N /> R uT>` @c ! 1 +3P } g@@ 3 AH 5M
42
S_ Avu=
" E7 E45 QL_ EL $%H AH L|1 I (L g% AH
#/@ 5 > R @c ""_|1 J< !!" A/N@ "@
I A AH K<::
./ 2.1 $ [ A"
? 0$ 0 &0 %
ChL? <> g5
C
$_? <><>-g5
g5
C
}D
g% - (Summer) }D
}n
}n
+/%
+/%
4H
- (Autumn)
4H
m
(1)
m
!+
4
(}(")
B~
4
g% (Summer)
#o
(9
P
@B ($") (Spring)
!+
( - (Winter)
#o
( (}(") (winter)
(9
@B - (Spring)
($")
P
(Autumn)
B~
I 3/ g% EL ( )9. L|1 ga g% I QL_L

>Q: K ( $Bq $%H AH 1
$ [
$ [
/ 0Ed ( *% A AWm Aem #NE
0* I~A ARSe U) $ 0 : A?
I a A AH "/N)@ /A a AH +a 4u A)|1 g% AH

A51 I $( A#_9 /< 4 A)|1 )L J QH A#_9
3 Ch J H A#_9 L @B AH /< 4 A)|1
A_ =L $( A#_9
i I A . - k g% QL5 )" j%
1 g% QL5 /DE AH 3R /< L E4 AH 1 - # C5E

a g% AH K " AH Ch <> g5 DE A#_9 C (Summer)
Cz1 1 AH
0 A!G
/Ca_|1 3c 9K L @B
4@ A+ QL5
Kk_|1 A#_9 A / "@H @B AH $(L ) Kk C`
J< "<L@ +3P /g% >4E @B AH 3I - R:
P AH
AH 1
NR QL5 E4% -L /5 A9 k j% L( ")@
Ak AH AH >L 4 R E _ "@ " QL5 AH _
+/)@ 3 $%& > R L 3" 3c J< N4 A#_9
m 3QL5 AH _ g "R>!
43
S_ Avu=
$ [
$ [
/ 0") ER E IJ *% A AWm Aebm #NE
") AS ?

0") ASe ARS ./m I8 E IJ 0 *% #./# ?
") ASe 0") ER s )m E IJ *% Ec./F A/<l ?
") ER E IJ 0 8%Rl ARSe ;U455
kA|1 w B <@L B@ _

)"
j%a
%C5
%C5
_@
A_)
"R
/5
J H
A9
A<#
# /5 A9 %C~ " /P

%C~
#/@
J H
A<#
1
%C5 l" vLM
? 2.11 ") AS
/5 E_ J +

l L
/`@
%
1 P A#_9

Kk
3Ey
A#_91
#$1 $%H
_3_|1
J<
G AN 3 $31

A"
H 6

3/5
B
E_
0 5? EH+:n "M@ +3P

/5 E_ $%H l L /`@ %
A#_9 +< "@
? 2.12 ") ASe ?= "") <
//5
E_
3c
J(L
A
w ù=
"vu=
ZO E mL D "@ /5

A9 51 /~ ~ >!>+
"A|1 " EH+:n|1 3E+
M|1 A+N) /Kk ( '
1
#
/5
A9
AH
/ @ lL 1 <3( /J< J<

">!>!
+
I
/5
A9
i $5 $5 J H EL
Ch J H Aa A#_9 1
44
? 2.13 ") ASe 0I~A
S_ Avu=
AN " C4
@_|1 Am= J< /`@ /5 A9 "A
A P " %C5 k j% 1 /5 _L Ey J )" 1 P "
/5 A9 AF ? K @ J< |1 x@ A R_" 314 E+#@ =%+
j 1 " AR:)" /5 A9 A" /`@ /5 A9 A )" QL5
R _ ZE != @
+3P /5 E_ )" kA|1 j%a %C~ A#_9A|1
i Ab $5L
43< + Ey %(( "A E |1 Q "M)@
gKd
gKd 4{ 2.3
g1
G. u6<k L }SW[a
}SW[a o
$_? <> g5 g%(summer) K ChL? <> g5
%1 AH
"_)@?
<> g5 3 3 1?

AH EyL /5 A9 EH+:n )"
+/A|1 ZE A5
/5 A9 3 3 1?

I E4L $%H AH Am$L F A+%
$%H AH B. - )"
+/)|1 }ZE = Ac
/`@ % _31 A#_9 /5 A9 J 3 /Ey J^ 3R R:

E$K / /
K.
j B_
I =< # /!) ;) /5 A9 J< A!c
= J
- +3 /5 A9 %& AC_+_ Z< '_ '( 3g<@ 1""
AH
45
S_ Avu=
? I*
I*

5
5- 09 *% 0 > "? A 0 *% 8N0 Nm
HA 55
P+5P+5- 9 0pg% QMA 0z0 $ #"* U0 g) 55

O&&M5O&&M5- 9 0{+ `SA *% 0qA A GX >
N E IJ 55
Z5 Z5- A 8/ N $% E% 55
55- /B 0G)G)
0$G 0U1 $/ *% 01G) 8. A
ARS 55
A 5A 5- A #IO 1G) $% G 55

Ed5Ed5- 9 0/ 8"$ s )m E IJ 55
") ER5ER5- ")[ 0R *% #./# s )m E IJ 55
55-
09 *% 8T - 0U1 $/ *% A 0(E? ?& 8A) /B
55
$ 5$ 5- ! UI! U) ! A #%[ 8$ 0 R2*m XF

A"
? 55
QM5QM5- 9 0pg% QMA 0365 >

N E IJ 55
46
S_ Avu=
TnK
- )" A" # )" A" =< # )" ! "M)@
+N # )" EL - )" _3 > #/@ 3 4 A" Z
Z
1
=< # +N R> C_C %& )" J
>5 A=
17 A#_9 =< (Plan) 1

- H q)) g5 1
- 9 />4
+ 23 ($3 1
- EH+:n .ggL "_)

- }" b AH /) >!>+ }!5 +
"_)@ q)) HZ A31
- .// /
+/)|1 12 #/@ L L >L D
N %HL }" - >!>+ +) L|1

- >L D Q 3L AH NR +/)@
AH Ey J L /5 A9 0 5? EH+:n )" ZE
!=
I*
I*
47
S_ Avu=
E
Kd o
G.
/
/ %< gg@ /Kk "E1"
E1" + /Kk "}C"
}C" 3 ). +
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A= A#_91 /
G D) ( F AH "M)@
AH0I A= EH+:n <C
" + 1
- 3 <> g5 A)

AH - 12 1
A51 I A . - k g% QL5 )" j% 1
K. u #
'%'
nL #3$ Y` k[
k[
SK
SK
` A
#$Y` '%'
__________
1. @
G. >L D N %H
__________
2. 9
3. A QL5 AH
__________
3. .gg
}. }!5 +
__________
4.
. AH S^[p
__________
5. $" (uM)
j. - HZ A#"

%. <> g5
C. < g5
. C$H
N. 3
/ 31 3Em 4{ / C A @ #/@ gg31 %4 `$
CR1 g< ~ )" A+<

___________1. - q)) g5 HZ Em) >_" z1 1?
G. èe M u%EL /A$1 g<3 '
K. èe M u%EL /3 1 g<3 '
N. èe M ` /3 1 g<3 '
S. C - #A
___________2. gg31 - HZ
G. - uB <
N. @
K. =< #
S. #
___________3. - 9 />4

o
G. 30
48
!1 q@ "_)@?
K. 20
+ @ B @ @c A31?
N. 23
S. 22
S_ Avu=
___________4. - .gg 12 @K1 1 1?

G. >L D N %H
N. >L D Q 3
K. }" - b C@
S. 1H+L + AH0I >
___________5. - .gg AH0I
!c 4= :) L|1?
G. J H-E 5
N. E 5-J H
K. J H-$5
S. Ch-J H
. _ J< )" 9 :) A" }%(

}%(
( ) ). +
1. - )" c +N RHq QB A%> )" >5 JE)?
"_)@
B3I
2. - HZ
1
3. #1 +N 1l.h 3 1Y.h 5E />%
)" 1l.h >
)" 1 Y.h > "Ag)@ 3 1
4. - 9 )" 24 Ca A= NZ1 EH+:n
"_)@
5. - }" +b / 31 }!5 +
_@ "A:@
%. >4E 3>%
3>% 4{ AI @ +
1. # R>h L
2. =< # = 1?
3. +3 - HZL EH+:n A 5 +
4. - 9 />4
5. - .ggL
6. I
+ ($@ +/)@?

NR g+ = L|1?
c AH 'Q
7. AH EyL /5 ù= EH+:n )"
!= ZE = 1?
49
S_ Avu=
< y
1|1 g1 3 m !4 1+4 " ()
@g Ak
Ak
1. # R>h A5 3

2. =< # E E$
E$
'(tL E 4H )"
1@ E@F3
3. AH0I
!" =<
# A'(&3
4. - HZL
HZL EH+:n A" E33
5. - EH+:n
01 314(
314(12)
12)
A5 3
6. AH N %H Iv
EH+:n (EyL /5
E_)
E_) 31 A?L A? ZE A 3
50
E

A%./
E67 T>u+
T>u+ <?
<?
}T] =I U^ }U^G< "knG< u%EL(
A9!:;< E = A6> ?4<* :

4 ?@A<((
ICDT> E A EFFG ;.%

F HIJ + ES
A9!:;< E = A6> ; A'?> KED

L!<((
3.1 E

` ed
UN EO AA: EP J4
PQ R UN EN
P6< S( S(-
"I
12 "A34% 5 678 E
A9:

;<,,
"I
12 678 E

( 9;<,,
"A34% 5 "<= >7 678 E
"I
12 ?@ 678

;<,,

E
E
E
E

E
?
E ! "# $%& '(( )*
+,- ./ ./ 01 A34 E !'((

?
!?
" "#` U` E
$%&' '
?
"() E

*+,,
51
"vu=
@ AJ0Y 01
01 uU E
ET E
E
?/ U NJNJ
(( @ ; A9!: $V .(( @ A A9!: 6O 6O

\ LE P .((
TU N AVQ9 T IWX; E P6<(( AVQ9 T IWX; ;/ @

Y'(( E
ZR ;/ @D ; E[ V? A J\ !#
A9!:
((
"I
12 678
678 E
"I
12 678 E
!?
E

" A39 E BC 67 ?
D9 6&
A%./: EF
?
1. VY 66 E
&3G 99 E
"
G I
12 A%./ 7G=?
&3G 99 E

HI A=
?
&3G 99 E
J
KL 5M?
VY 66 E A] VY ^V6 E (Alpine vegetation) A Ell

A(( IWX; VY ^V6 E mN n o V? !# pP
A J\ ? !# q?
(( VY ^V6 E AQr E9 Y* o @sJ
^6t VY ^V6 lu 6N @v* w* xU !u VY A9!: Y.((
2. @
&# E
' 67 ?
@ {.- \|P (semi-arid) E xP %& A9!: NT Y IWX; A
J\ .. Y.(( @
450 EN 3500 o V? !# A9!:
200 EN 2200 $
o E?> IJ E3 ; A9!: Y.(( IWX; N G @

< .((
"&3G 678
678 N
VY A9!: @
' 0V
$ '((
I!* * T * 6 C 01 #((
N. 3.1 &3G A%./ N
52
@
E9 .
"vu=
" RG 678 N

N
ItY E[ @D t3-\V I t' E (gallery reverine vegetation)

Tt ?/ ?.(( t' E
N A* : u
u El' I

(( I 0V I;
9
;34.'((
N. 3.2 "T
F@ 678 E
@\t E[ ;' 01 ERP +,- !#.(( E

ZR
E
IJ E3 EN
1000 .o \N !!# ^V6 t'(( @\t E[ 6
p9 N ?;.((
N
?/ U A IWX; @D t3-{ tJJP P <
VU E. E((
RDRD-VWX
.Y
RD-VWX
RD-VWX N "

G I
12 A%./ E7G ?
.Y
?
t3-{ I!P @ J @ #(( ; 396 E ;# 01 ?.((
ZR
@ IWX;

! IJ ; Qr @sJ E6J
A9!: A*

VY E[ N Y.(( ZR

@ AJ0Y
1500 o EN
VY E[
(( R
r @ 9#
I'!q - #(( @D N ?/
1800 o
!H 3.
V? !# A9!:
(( ZR A9!: p9 s E@
@ t.(( @D 0V

6* T\* 0* + E* J)*
JJ6* p9 s* \ #((
53
"vu=
N. 3.3 RD-VWX
.Y
R??Y N (Coniferous forest)

R??Y 6.=

N ?
"R??Y &678 fg J !,,
Ehi N R??Y (coniferous) 6' $D4 Vk?
"I
12 R??Y N 678. A39L !,,
R??Y fg
"$N4 A%./< %= Y !,,
tJJP @D
@D V. E@!'(( tJJP @ N ?/ 01 E

#(( ! E 9# 01 E9 . I! #(( p9
A6 A A!- A9!:
A !u
V?#
2000 o %&
VY ^V6
(( I! p9 @ \* A* !u A
VY ^V6 Y'(( I! tJJP @D t'

Y 0V I; #((
E
ZR 01 E V? E3
!H 3. 1500 o

((
tJJ L .4 E. tK # U 3 . E3Q;
(( tJJP 01 !H;# L 9 .4 El A9.

A#((
54
"vu=
' 3.4 R??Y f3
3. )
()P)
)P) 0V - Savanna Grassland
"# m "
no A%./L 7G'?
"# "m
E
7G=?
)P 0V VY %
ItY A34 V? E3#
250 EN
2300 o !' A9!: <' Y.(( E

ZR ^V6
200 EN
!H 3.
1400 $ o
@N ENY E?> IJ E3 ;Y'(( )P 0V l ) & 66P
^V6* 01 ?
t' ) ) +,- ;34..((
)P 0V mN A
.(( E
O(- (1) 01 )P * (2)
6 01 )P (3) t.t. t3-\V 01 )P #(( 6 01
6 +,- Tt t' )P E[
(( t3-\V 01 t.t. t'
)P 0V @ @\t-4 t t3# ;6 E@ 9 El' 01
t' )
((
N. 3.5 *9 f3
55
"vu=
4. {.{.- \|
\| 3V (Steppe)
Steppe) E
&X' "() E
?
D3q E

?
.
{. \| E A9!: \| E (xerophytes)

(( ZR A9!: J0
E A EJ J t' ) V E|P +,- +,- 6 0V
I; 01 +.,. #(( \| E A J\r F 4 @\t %
A9!:
t' #(( E
ZR E t' A9!:
!H 3. EN
#(( E
ZR A9!: ; E?> AP9 IJ E3 @
1400 o
V?
250 $o ?
((
\| {.- \| E P A6 A9!: o-E6J* o ^6t
(A ItY ^V6)* @sJ ^6t (OA) E @sJ AQr N t'((
"A34% 5 678 E
AVQ9 T A9!: ;/ E

(( E
VY
ItY E {.- \| E J 36'((
Kd o 3.1

G. u<k E\r ;
IWX; VY 66 E LI((
N IWX; ItY @D Ax PJ6Q; Ats((
t3-{ @D Y IWX; A9!: Y'?
IWX; t3-{ @D tJJP @D E" . N ./

AN\=((
K. T>W\
T>W\ }v^
u< Y^
u?} SN vw L< SN uTcvcw:-
- u]9 k u T>< `\::

- X` U` M T>`?s: D5ts Y?94 u,,
56
"vu=
= ENl P ;.%& A> A9!: ENl

(( = ENl
6l# E9
-H (habitat) A#(( <'
^
N A= u Y
E% D6'(( E;= .. 6O %& = ENl A'(( = ENlr

.' A J\ E. ./
E\ ;;.((
ZR A
A34 AVQ9 T % IWX; ;/ = ENl E3((
I
12 E
A$v7? ' ; E

"A A-wF9: A%./ 6N!
?
< xDW "A7G <rs ; &678 I

12 E
$%&' Jy 5M,,
I
12 E
A74y ; D5ts E C A(,,
IWX; ; A J\ E .U ; E%&
?# +6# 9?
%& = ENl A((
IWX; = ENl J E9 . 7 A: I; 25 AEV
I; Jt Qr J#Y J #(( Jt !' = ENl
IWX;
NT Y A9!: P #((

<' 3 9? = ENl E6s @ss Qr V.
(( lu OP J6> C A J6> .. = ENl J?# E w #((
PQ o 6* A-!u \
VY ^V6 ;/ = ENl !#
A9!: #((
9? IWX; = ENl E9
H ' E@q
VU P
.((
1. <' AVQ9 T = ENl (common wild animals)
A = ENl <' AVQ9 T "vu= $ T>' #(( lu J <'
AVQ9 T A9!: K=G .(( T @ Y IWX; A9!: G = ENl
((
z?
' 3.6
7| I
12 E
5"
57
"vu=
Ai
5r
Av
A "#
tF Ai
#;
' 3.7
3.7 E
"' E
?
M 3.8
3.8 Av "' E
A94
AmYr

U <;
eK S" Q U U@ eK EE` u?< }::
IWX; ^dD %& Jt V. s 9? AEV A(( E
ZR AEV TP T
s #(( IWX; AEV J0 N @D A9
(( N
A] EN; . E AEV EA E.9 A t Pl{; #((
x%
58
3;6
' 3.9
3.9 ? I
12 AE 3
A# T
"vu=
2. IWX;
IWX; J Jt ENl (Endemic Animals)
Animals)
Jt ENl P A N

N E.A6> A9!: J q D
ENl I; P
((
Jt J#Y A: Y A9!: Al

+ Y'(( ZR
l - (rare) ENl
!'((
IWX;
A<&
E
ZR
Jt
A:
VY ^V6 E A
NY %
+ Y'(( lu( .;

.; o 6 Y.((
' 3.1
3.10 '
'
; !u 6 )P 0V @D Y.((
' 3.1
3.11 ;
x Iv o 66 D6.((
' 3.12
3.12 ;F
59
"vu=
. E9 Y IWX; E ( VY ^V6) E !u
((
' 3.13
3.13 'H
'H ;
N
x ) J6> ] Tu EQ;
((
' 3.14
o T o E !u
VY ^V6 Y.((
' 3.15
3.15 Vt 5"
5"
60
VY ^V6
"vu=
= AR; A AQr @sJ ^6t
VY ^V6 Y.((
' 3.16
3.16 Ai
3. I;# $3 4\s ENl (Endangered Animals)

"I
12 xDW ( E
!,,
i * $R(3 $(* E F"
? AR,,
IWX; = ENl J + %

r E ANQ %
V
E;

((
E; ENl I; $37 4 .(( lu Jt J#Y ENl* E@
.;* o T * ; El' ETN .(( IWX; @ E NEF
= ENl E ' ;
3Tl'((
) E E[ EN E< I=NQ F E
) u@
EE3 = ENl E9
- H E@*
) ENlr Â* * w* T N P !. H- A@*
) - E[ PN ! = ENl (E9
- H ) E;3
EFr*
E) @ El*
) t E@A J E\ EV3 ; 3Tl'((
Kd
Kd ; 3.1

G. u <k L }S
}S[~ o
= ENl P E@%
w N((
A IWX; = ENl I; $3 4\ ;
?
I;# $3 4\s ENl !' <? ET' .
ENS.?
K.
!6
IWX; 9? 4
E ?< = ;* $; o T EY
Al/((
A9!:;< G J6> ] A6> (Zoo) J { A 4
..N P9 V< L! Ats((
I; $3 4\ N A ENl x 3tP< A ATK L! EV
V< 6 6 Ats((
61
"vu=
3.2 = ENl E

E t
UN EO AA: EP J4
PQ R UN EN
P6< S( S(-
"I
12 "A34% 5 678 E
E
D5ts s(F;<,,
E
$N4 " Y(* R s?99;<,,
E
E
$ &.&? D6 E C "4< 678 Yw"(V
s(F;<,,

6f
A A
y4
Y"(V?
" E
E
$%&' A: 6f $D"
$D"R
" E
"E
$%&'
?
" E
"E
$%&' 6f E
D"'?
"A "TV A-wF "678 E
E
$%&' A:

?
"A%./< "67| "A "TV A-wF "6N! T
.; T
"K;
7 $%&' 6s E " $v? A?9!,,
PY ^
- H ;# H u#
AJ\ D6'(( H ;#
A> 6 A9!: D U ENl #(( H u# @

Ell ^
- D UI %&
' ;34..(( T@ . E@3T
E A
A9!: t ?/ U #(( A A9!: E @*
) +,- $%& '((
ZR u @D 0V 3.F %& T. ENl
EDQ; #(( A34 @D ENlr J E3; E% ;'((

)P J
= ENl E9
H #(( ENlr
.t
$% .((
.((
ENl E9 . E@ #.* A * E!J ;/ AEV ETN
.t ENl @ AAL* Tx* o AR;* A6QN* A )* * A

T
?.((
U A KK ? E[
H 9#
E9 . ENl E
A
NY V. V'(( < E ENl A9!: L E %
3J
P E 34 %
A#((
62
"vu=
Kd
Kd ; 3.2

G. u <k L }S
}S[~ o
01 A A9!: E9
H E%* E[ E
E . A 3J
P A ;# 3To? ((
U A A9!: A J\ E E3F E@' AN\=((
K.
!6 /s ^6/
^6/
A9!:;< @ l P9 N ?/ 0V

E;
F< S A9!:;< P \J @ Jr ; A34T ((
PR \s A9!: A!s A A!J E3T E A!<((
A9!:;< G )P P9 U* ENl UI

%& E@ A !' E9 . N NN EN EN +G Ax L!
Ats((
A9!:A< ^
- E E ! J E3 t E@' E@Z<
A9!: 4 EJ9 3To? E@%
s V< ;/ ((
A A E
Y $N
A A A%./ "A%./ "F|
67| >?
E C A(,,
A A i' & A
v kk$ A E F; *+,,
A A@ & L?
A9!: A!s E3T '
(( A9!:
H ;# H u#
A34U E@ I T@ . 6S.(( H
;#

E
ENl ;34..((
* A* A El' H u#
J #((
A A@ = ENlr J E%# TJ A9!: H;
AN
E%# E\ A!#(( E
ZR ENl 4
E N;N. A9!:
Q
; @ A9!: EF
: 34 %'((
ZR A A@
ENlr D A9!: ! s + A9!: A> 0 3 4.(( R E%&

A
3 4.(( E3
V . IJ E3 ANPPG %. A

3 4.(( R @ A A@ : E ;@A.((
y4 Yw"(V
Yw"(V
"(V E
A A D5ts
E
E
&y4
$?s A I
12 A34% 5 6"(Hy

A O A(,,
y4 I
12 . D5ts ; " C< ? Tu,,
"VL 3;
" E
$%&' 6f "$D"R <y A?( "V; E
$N E 6=
A(,,
63
"vu=
IWX; 9? 4 @\# A9!: Y'(( E

ZR 4 @\#
A9!: J6> ]C EQ; A6> (sanctuary) J 36'((
E
ZR 4 @\# ^V6
?# 9? %& = ENl Y'(( NZR
IWX; J6> ]C EQ; E3 t
l rQI E E E# <? A((
J6> ]C EQ; EJ9 4 !6 A A@ A9!:
P \J ' 34 ;@A.(( A9!: ENl E. @\ 34
%' ;r ;# \J
!ED EJ9 4 ;L E%&
((

o 6 J6> ]
o
6
J6>
9? P6
]
IWX;
N
%& F J?> 3To?
9# q? A=

(( ] A34 N
179
N
.o
E6!> o
;R.
((
o
IWX;
VY ^V6 AP6 A!-
Y.(( ] E..A 1978 tN

E% EI".(( ] E
2000
N
x
rQN
9?

J ;N.((
' 3.17
3.17 Vt 9 ?9: H
o 6 J6> ] E AN@

o 6 J6> ]
o
%& E9 . A=
((
VY 66 pV 6N @v 66

((
!H 3. 4,620
V? A((
Kd
Kd ; 3.2

G. u <k L }Sc[~ o
^

?
0 E3 t U = ENl A A9!: E
ED E!# ((
E = ENl IWX; rQN ENRJ

;# ANKO AN\=((
IWX; rQI E 3 34 E% E@. .((
o 6 J6> ] rQN N
?
K.
!6 /s ^6/
^6/
P E = ENl E9 . N N N ENAJ
Ax KV L! Ats((
64
3.3
"vu=
ICD E A EFFG ;.%

F HIJ + EE
E
E u` ed ;EF A'?> ED
UN EO AA: EP J4

PQ R UN EN P6< S( S( &IN6 E7
v }$kk| 'C k ? $$ "A%./ "678
E
E
; T>$k A=s: EN
< s(F;<,,

E
$$$
A%./ $m&
V E
AR
E
E
$W
E
$$$ E
&Vs'?
E
$$$ 6&
; ENL ?
"A%./< $$ T #- % E
E $$ A(,,
E
$$$ $7? E
3'V
$kD >?
$
$&;&'
$(* E F"
? AR,,
P@ ;' 6 A\!# A9!: ;@w 6 ;A#
;'(( P@ ;' 6 A9!: E
S T
F HIJ
+
(( P@ ;' 6 F HIJ + E A9!: J
E= ;Er E\ A'((
F HIJ + E
) IWX; A9!: E At A.+.(( F
HIJ + PQ J ; ;N
).(( J A34T F KED
;l6.(( P@ ;' 6 DU E S k` E%& PQ J V*
ST E[ A34T* uU J ;!s E3T <? N T.(( ZR
r
ST !H> J A34T A9!: w PN . ; F J?>
((
E
E
$V
E
$V 7''?
E
>7 R A%' "$C ?@ &W
E B $D"R A'*
;;< ?
E
Kk< &V"
A%./ ;
<rs 6&V
$;'?
"A%./< %?(V >?
"A*. E BD5
H
*;<?
= ENl \J# !E
EN9.3\ \N
A ^
- N .

$/ '(( ;# @E = ENl A9!: T @ u A9!: @'((
A> AP9G
$ '(( NZR ENl T
EDQ;# E/ P\ ;# 4 $@\ !.((
65
"vu=
>?
$$$
"A%./< >?
AD5 $;'?
>?
"A*. $D5 WF ?
A6 T@ . @ & E[ ;N6 <? @D E\ A.T.(( @D
E
3 PQ E E[ P AN 6 !? P9
((
NZR @ !?* P* : +l+ E^6 uU E\ .P !.
E
36.((
@D @ El $ '((
@\t
t
T
N
4 AP9G
@ El $
)
@D $; .((
@ 9. ' @ El @
;P.(( @AA t A
^
- A9!: A
P A9 N;@t
@ KED ;l6.((
M 3.18 W $D("
G $
Kd
Kd ;3.3
;

G. u <k L }S
}S[~ o
F HIJ + E E = ENl J E KED ;l6.?

E J EEE = ENl E@ E9 . ; NN AN\=((
E J EEE E EF3 E?
= ENl E3; ^V6# T @ u ^V6 @= ;
?
@ J EEE ; %& wW ;/((

K.
!6 /s ^6/
^6/
' E Ax V Ats((

E EEE
= ENl N@
66
"vu=
3.4 E = ENl EJ9

UN EO AA: EP J4
PQ R UN EN
P6< S( S(-
E
E
E
$ &%&? E
= s(F;<,,
E
E
$ &%&/ L
7';<,,
$ &.&/ Lo &A%./< . <rs v "Yf$ E

E
$D"R "6(7 E R "

#W;<,,
"I
12 "A34% 5 ?@ 678 E
6Vu
R As<
7';<,,

"

$'
7T A
$' DI $kD
E
E
E H?% ?
E
E
$ &.&? D5ts ?
E = ENl EJ9 P U E ENl

E . L

L
A!s E3T P
((
A6 E3\ ; @ EE3 EV? ' E =
ENl EJ9 L E ;N.A.((

?
A9 "
A%./ x ;'?
D5ts ?

P A A9!: @ @
E P
((
^6
T@ . 0V
!. !# ^V6
(( ZR ! J A A9!: 0 E3 t
((
R @ A A9!: ^
- N @ EE ;N.(( @
@= = ENl E. EE <? ;E.(( AEV E3; ;Y'((
@ ; I; ;# Ax @O* E?> V ;' F J?>

34o? ;# 01 $ ' !.(( PQ Er @ A9!: Tt E E3
67
"vu=
N A9!: A J\
E3 \.((
ZR u Er A9!: -
PQ F'((
$'
$' Y
Y
?
$' 'v'?
E.
P T@ . E 6 @ E[ E. @ E @
((
R ! E T@ . @
E[ 0V E .
((
E.
T@ . E 6 @ E. E;3+ EP ;@A.(( R
! = ENl E. EV3 ;N.((
PQ A E .((
A9!: A J\ 0> ;@A.((
@ J Ell
) 3 A9!: EEN ;@A.((
DI $kD
V E
?
V E
$ A ?
V E
E
$kD @;'?
@ El u A9!: F %
<? E0E
TF3. El
(( @ El
ET x
E @
) El
(( @\t 4 t
p9
N
3
4

V;
El
$TF3. .(( A @ E@0 \

Elr ;.3 A6 +6x TFF
@
El
$TF3.
.((
tr
EF3
9.
VY H J E ;N .((

M
M 3.19 " m A%./ "V E
T
7 T C A
A Y
Y
7 T A Y
?
7 T A E
$&;&' Y @;'?
7 T A $&;&' ; D5ts T,,
H A@ ; 4 = ENl E@. !

(( H A@ = ENl
!# ^V6 v. !
(( H A@ E^ ;/ #((
A9!: 4 A!J
; ^.3 9P $
) .(( 3!J . V
E
p.(( NZR H A@ PN A9!: EJ9 R PNP AN
((
A9!: EJ9 R AP9G
A9!: J A!s E3T PN@ 0
HIs E9 . EV3 .(( A9!:;# \ Y E% A!#((
R <? J 4 E3T ;N.(( PQ HIs & <? E
HIJ J0 E EF3 AN
((
68
"vu=
I
12
I
12 ?9:
&.%/
&.%/ Y
?9: ?
?9: Y A;
?
?9: Y D6 T A "Y
" C< &9&!,,
J L
! E. E3T ' 4 EJ9 L E
AN
((
J6> ]C* EQ; = ENl 4 ^V6 P,,*
J6> H AP9G
= ENl 4 P3 *
H A@ . 396 H P*
= ENl 4 P9*
EDQ; ^V6 J\s A9!: E3 t E. A9!: 4 R At
!? ^6 P9*
A9!: 4 L\A!# q? A!s EF3 PN@ E 34
#((
?9:
J6> ] A ^
- A9!: G E = ENl E ! J
4 @\ ^V6
(( IWX; ' J6> ]C Y'((
1. o 6 J6> ]*
6. P J6> ]*
2. AJ?- J6> ]*
7.
x ) J6> ]*
3. A J6> ]*
8. O J6> ]
4. !u 6 J6> ]*
9. ;w-6) J6> ] #((
5. A J6> ]*
AJ?- J6> ]
A J6> ]
!u 6 J6> ]
M
M 3.20 "I
12 T>< ?9:
69
"vu=
$4L
$4L (sanctuaries)
sanctuaries)
$4 Y
Y
?
"?9: $4L $%&' $(s: '
?
$ *As
$4L Y "AY9
6T"
H
$;%E'?
!:u I% EQ;
Tu EQ;
M
M 3.21
3.21 "I
12 T>< E
AE 3 6D""
A39
EQ; = ENl AEV 3 + ^V6

(( ENl AEV @
?# 3 t
]

(( EQ; N = ENl AEV P@ V4 ;#
:%& E A@ K A T#(( ZR ; A@ .. E%&
((
J6> ]C = ENl A@ T.(( ?@& = ENl Eo;#
AtE @9P %& #(( +6# ANPPG %
= ENl $?@& '(( AJ0Y
R
r A@
rQN
((
IWX; 9? = ENl EQ; Y'((
ZR E9 . !:u I%

EQ;* +-?\ ; EQ;* Tu EQ; ;U EQ; #((
Kd o 3.4

G. u <k L }SW[r
}SW[r o
E = ENl EJ9
?

E.
E9 . ; ./
AN\=((
H A@ P AN %

?
Jt J#Y IWX; ENl AEV E9 . N LI((
IWX; A9!: = ENl E3 t ,, E9 .

N TO((
K.
!6
s ^6
= ENl P@ E D\ t w s %<

6 ((
H- A@ @ xV 4 N PLAv A9!:A<

7((
70
"vu=
'3 ;
3
7 T A ,- v: E
*' R $*',,
$' ,- $ "T$"
A39 fg HI F*$G " Y'",,
$$$ ,- k "5 E5 $,,
Y"(V?,- $ 3;
T .i' T T )YN
T AV? T
3'3 6v! T "A A%./ T A9 s 6N ?,,
V E
,- &VL E5
"E
; T># k "C <rs Ef$ 65kD'
E
,,
R??Y(Coniferous)
R??Y(Coniferous),- m%6 'J
$d A%' ; fg T' $D4 ,, K
E
*. R??Y f3 ,,
RD (73 f3
f3(Decidous)
(Decidous),- "n T
? A'. "C TR
"A%; T>7| E"
Dw
Y
= RDI@ T>9* fg T' $D4 ,, dK ; RD (73 f3
,,
y4 ,-
T $
T $V
6(* E,,
?R E
,- "A $'HA A%./ ?@ 7 6N E
4 Y
,,
3*,- $y A &$C ?f

; R go $
; | T>s D %9 CN
'** * AG E
A
,,
A A,- "Eq A9 ; VY9 v(7"),,

E H?%,- ?'i C >?
AD5,,
E
$$$ ,- E

T ?f
"A%./ 5 $s
,,
7 ,- 7s $'HA T $
A5Y$ Y
,, 7 99Y
mY T tFY xC ;',,
D3q(Steppe)
D3q(Steppe) :- $y
f3 A'. C "# m Y
,,
",- A%./ E F"; T E F fg "$
&' E
3W "Yq
A%./ ?H
"$5 6(* E H?%,,
6f ,- " 7 $%&' $kk

,,
A%./ $m& AR,- "A A%./ 6N! VL E
x$*? T xN
6' >?
H
E
,- K c< Mn w u}a upK< T>< X`' ls M M ::
E
,- " "#Y ""() 6N! E
,,
,- .'"("
A39 ; fg "$
&' " Y'",,
3'V
,- &A $N4 A39 T K; $N4 A39 $ 55,,
71
"vu=
TnK
A A9!: ; . F.4 J
t )* +,- ./
./ 01 t' E E!. ?4'((
AVQ9 T E
VY ItY E
E
{.-- \| E E!. ?4'((
\| {.
IWX; E
VY 66 E* @D {. \|
3V E !'((
= ENl P ;.%& ENl %& ;/ AVQ9 T A9!: Y'((
IWX; ; A J\ .. ;/ E = ENl Y'((
E
ZR IWX; = ENl G* Jt $37 4\s AEV
!'((
IWX; Jt J#Y ENl $;* ;* x Iv* T T
o T * . N 3Tl'(( Jt J#Y AEV
Y'((
I;# $3 4\s ENl IWX; Y'(( .; o T ZR <?
= ENl #((
IWX; = ENl E ;
3TO E9 . E E[
EN I=NQ F E* H A@* - E[

PN*
@ El t E@A #((
= ENl E E9 . 0 9.3 T A9!: ^

0!.((
A A@ A9!:A# A!s = ENl E9
H
N3 t A A@ = ENl E9 . P ENAJ D6.(( ENAJ
F J?> 3To? A9!: 4 .((
A9!: A!s 3 T rQI P \s* = ENl A A@
w.R 3To? A((
F HIJ + E E = ENl KED ;N .(( E
EEE N = ENl @'(( PQ @ J EEE
A9!: A J\ A'?> KED ;N .((
E = ENl P;, E
EJ9
J9 .A'((
* E.

@ El EF3 E E ! J .(( = ENl
J6> ]C EQ; E3' P\ F J?> 3To? A((
72
"vu=
E93
Kd o
Ze
Ze
G. ' \V
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
%& "E
"
E
" . 9.%&
9.%& @ ""
" P N((
@ AJ0Y 01 uU E
?/ U NJNJ
((
t3.-\V wJ? ^V6 t' E ItY E[ @D #((
t3 { I!P @D J @D #((
tJJP @D
) 01 E@s @D #((
)P 0V
250 EN
2300 o
K. u#G
u#G$ Y` eT@ #K$ Y`
V? !# A9!: Y.((
EK ` A0=((
________ 1. {. \| \|P A9!: E
G. ) @D
________2. VY ^V6 E
K 9
________3. @
N. J T
________4. G
S. 6 C
________5. vK? }â Jt ENl
. E. )
________6. I;# $3 4\
\. 6 +.,.
. I!
. .; o T
T. ;
. 6
N. ' ;
;
eT@ AP6

AP6 E9 . Y
Y E.N E\ {@'
{@'
3 V q? 7((

___________ 1. ' A= F HIJ + E
((
G. @ J EEE
K. A
E3 t
N. V E.
S. ) EN
___________ 2. ' A= E EJ9 L

((
G. 01 E+\
N. ) - P.
K.

S. = ENl P@
___________ 3. IWX; t3 - { I!P @D !# ^V6 N 3Tl.(G. P
K. A
N. l
S. A
73
"vu=
___________ 4. IWX; t3-{ @ 01 !' A= E% ?4.((

G.
K. Jl
N. I!
S. 9
___________5. ' Jt J#Y = ENl A= !u Y.?
G. .;
K. ;
N. N
S. .
___________6. ' A= IWX; I; $3 4\ = ENl
((
G. o T
K. A6QN
N.
S. N
7. .t = ENl J0 ________
((
G. @ N
K. )P
N. 66 p1
S.
8. ' A= IWX; t3-{ I!P @D A t.?
G. p9 s
.
. A 9
E. L r
S. E;= ! ^V6 : 4 \A '('(1. H ;# H u#

PY
2. E[
AJ\ D6((
H 9#
E9 . K ?
A
NY V. V'((
3. o 6 J6> ] N
N U o
((
4. IWX; I;# $3 4\s ENl J ?+ ______ E _____ #((
W. TU T\s ;

; Apx N((
1. A9!: EJ9 ( 4) L LI((
2. F HIJ + E A A9!: E A@Y E@% AN\=((
3. A
^
- N ENl* U H u#
E9 .

NN E AJ6((
[. s ^6
1. tJ @G A A9!: w P\
' !6 A= EF< A &((
A9!:;< ?/ 0V

II EEIJ V. ER6< Ats((
Z; 01 E A9!:;< $;w E@' ;/ ((
F HIJ + E ;N # F J?> A9!:;> KED

A9!:;<
? <? A P0E Ax PN? K< V.
@< Pt\J ;/ ((
= ENl N@ E E? E@. .K Ax PN? EV

V. @< Ats((
74
"vu=
V
?,# D E ;= l N R () .
A&((
1. IWX; AVQ9 T T>
T> E =
A6> E;<((
2. IWX; = ENl N EL\I6<((
3. AVQ9 T <' ENl IWX;
J E;<((
4. IWX; AVQ9 T T>
T> E =
ENl t AN\<((
5. = ENl EDQ;# 4 P\ ;
t AJ66<((
6. = ENl E E ! J 34 E@%
Q; PR \q AN\<((

7.
ICD E A EFFG ;.%

F HIJ +
EE A9!:; E = ENl
T>;EF
T>;EF A'?> KED AN\<((
8.
= ENl E E E ! J EJG

AN\<((
9.
10.
= ENl E E ! :; L E.<((

E ! :; L
A9!: !x <? A
P0E = ENl E E3 t @\

EtN4 N 4 E)<((
75
E

A

&' ()
;8E=> T>u?
T>u? <?@
<?@
3"7
=I U^ }U^G< "k
A
"k
A %EL
u= K? y=/?e 0#1< = MT `> T>S<

K< }BE w^^LG<::
=T> ? ` }S MJ Qw l` SS` K<

}BE }LG<::

SM"U e}` Q Sw Su` SK MLG<::

SL no S`J vLG<::
4.1
*U DE2 A4EF 3D

3"7
G** *U DE ;3=
A H'H'-
*.A . / +,- .

# /01 23455
.
# *$67 8*9: +; < = > E ?6 +,@ AAB CDEE
C4 B455
.A . / *. C1% *A6

@? @ EF GH EI,
J@KL/ B/00455

.
.A .
A . / E
#

#
.
.A .
A . / $
$ %?

.A. E
!"# ()* +,$
01
!"# $
%&''
.A.
!"# &'' A-. z[c< ui< u

.A./
!"# nM'' 2 +3%& &4 056 7

8*8 9 &-#:
76
J:
81@
KJ%& ;2 ED LM8 9
81@
;Q
. +R

K%&* #
ND
O'' 5D ,* L#P
L1'' G8 3L 2 +3%& &4
056J%& 7
LL#P 7
SO E- )O 3L &''

.A. / AT"U S* T4
;05O 7
056 &'' AUJF& DU 7

*
U;18 A*W &''

.A./* XB$ L3* Y8 ;+8 &4 2* Z#![ 0#
1

\]8 A*
;;# J EUA* A15^8'' 5D ,* 2 +3%& &4 #LJ%& 7

L_
E*EL` 2 E5 E*a8D 0;;1
\]
N. Y1''

$
$ %?
%?
L 13: Db@
cd
E*+)g ,1B
)* #L
)* ;3*e
* f 13: Db@
=K%& 8*
Yh ALJ%&'' 13: Db@

A* i JG1 AU1 %&'' 13:
Db@
A* i &4 Lj
[ L
W ;gk ED ##l 5k

3;Ym
*5n
%&'' 13: Db ;o A+, ED ##j Z)*
1'' L8K_ A**

o* L
XY 0+,L 8 Z)*

1'' 13: Db ;Ep qD9 AXor8
ED ##j8 Z)*
1''
J@E1 AM'N4 J9 +,BO

# $ ?
Q
#R ( +,QA +SR ? ( +QA?

# ( +,QA +QA J* *$ EITU4 A/0V55
A
+,/* $ W % XH %?
13: Db@
A* i JG1 AU1 %& L1'' JG1 +,$ 7

8D &s &'' Y L
1v 13: Db@
8 L
ND 4@
t 0;Yg ,J= ju7

A! 8D &''
KK
ND (J1 0;Yg ,J= ju7

%&'' _ AE5D
3*m&8 Db Dbw &` Xo0 ;0)* 3i E A*oDx LA!P 3i
+i* L& 0Xyz %&'' 5D ,* A** Db@
+=b ,L{
8 ) A!P
3i Z#;O
O'' |d 13: Db@
Dbw 0Xo8J%&* ,L{
s
0#&2x j}
8 Y8 $ Z#;O
O'' ~G 9 &s #%& Db@
A!P 3i 8 : 3i=: Y X4=O''

cd 13: Db@
AVm& KK E8
w %&'' 5D ,* 3i

,D
T 3U;# %& 3L ZXB3%&

1'' A*
Db@
=K%& KK E8
w
T L& 0Xrz
)%& XL5&* L&4 Z#
` A
O8''
1?*8 Dbw 0Xr8* ,L8 ) A! 3i AO: BEN #K=O''

I # AT"U S* DU cd 13: Db@
E*O Y
A*? AUJF& [
;0Y? 13: Db@
U;1 7* ;0;L& *!M
1;w''
77
J:
4
C.O

8*9
E\ @O\
$ @_8\
*Ej $
-/
+; < = >
== $ Cp
\ 3
+AM
8'6t
(Tatoo)
+
q ATr$ /01
UKZ *T[
*T[
*=FB -/
J| AaE +@2
%55 8*9
QUKZ$ H% Q a } +,Tn$
%55 8*9 +2/A @/
\2 Q@H]$ J JC8{~ AM ( +% /0
/0 +$ \
CT*K E =& E4$ J@0N AM +,B +l = A /
GQ 55
JC*$Z E\
\ C/ +,80 J( @=N +,K AM ``* @81 [2/
à` (à-`
`) %55 Q$6 / J [ @=N K55 AM
E<= 8d, +H% C=' J2%B \ TD55 $ $=/ T6f J$\J
e [2/ à` &? +H% [ L-55 [ +@CT q J@H] +$8
$=/$ H% T6f J[ E K' I -55 %K = QC66C E$% J@%
8d, AM g3 $ _8355
$ H% ; +-/ Ej Q@ J{ J-/ G3@V +,A' 4Bt
AA55 4 /k
e Z J6% Ej A GH] A55 J+$ @
+J*8 C +$H% ; 55 J;# +$ \ JG
e GQ2
+, +l = G-\$ 55
Q; < / J@O\ $ J@9 +,Tr$
%55

+,Tn@ +3 UKZ r' B Q, +C66C E$% %55 4
%55
E +;
< = > J-/ JG
e QaC +@$ j +l [ GT\ 55
K JC*I J@O\ $ J@8?8? +,Tr$

%55
q +,Tr@ EB@ I - Q, QC66C E$% %55
JC*v +2% à ({: E<: ' $ J7 AM) +,K g J@O\
$ Jd8 G89 + 8'6 +@a8
%55 ?6$ 7
+C*@I +AM 8J %55 +AM 8'6t .. /
$ 7 JI$
ww GC*x *,A JfBt +@-*\ A-3, T\0A55
$ 4.1 JI)z JAa1M [ Q,Bv

Q,Bv
#

# +.
+.A .
A . / @99
+.A . / @C*{ @KZ $ ?
064 EF Q.A . /
/
@8J? 4?
78
J:

.A./ 0LX& A=
*5n
&''
ED28' 4* c+L& , qE ,*
Xr8x
+8 15e L0#X1E%& Y5N

#1
h
+8
!x
YZx YZ b ;YZ H 2 + &4 UL E Y+ 1x
+8 ;O L8 5k

* E=
!S8 %&''
3i=: Y &4 [ 0Xrz 5D ,* L

.A./ 3#E1` DU Db@
AO'' 2 +3%& &4 ULJ%& 7

ED Ak
NDx
aJ4x
4 Y8
Y 2 ALT8'' a3"8 E= *
!S88 ) *6 *
.A./ ALT8'' L~G 2 +3%& #LJ%&
Y5Np
** 3,L1 A5J8'' =K
A* ;2 L
;
!S8 ;_
2
Lf#
!S8x E=
!h ;+8 *
*5n
=K
A*
5F# ?K?
=hx qL8 5k

* E=
!h ALJ
A''
+.
+.A .
A . / @99 @
AAg b DU Ep7
0Xrz ;s 8D8= H &'' G 0;Y& EF7
;2
)%&* L3E54 &'' !L[ Ep G h
Y8 #p Ep8
A A;Y*8'' #LE
KK JD AL&'' 8*#w8 #p Y8 #L E Ep 0Xr8J%&
3i{
j* s 8D
= AK ZND A1

8'' L~G !L[8 ) #LE Ep
L
.A./ 3EL4 E%& 8 ;Tm &''
S. cd 13: Db@
A*

Y8
K 0Xrz %&'' Db@* L
* #%&* ?K? E=

!S8
KK JD E=O'' AO8 Db@

7
* t
L2
Xr8 *B c+%&* ?K?

x +8
!S8 A [ #1'' A** ?K? LL#P ,L{

E=
EL4 AE0* ;Tm #+D51'' L~G cd 13: Db@

* L3Y5
0+, ,1
.A./*
E AU1 +Dc
Y AL''
+
+.A .
A . / @99 +,Q* CDEE
DEE

.A./* E*+ s
,D p ADc
?!D KK &''

.A. 9L3
*
;Tm +R 5 ;)g 7

A*W &'' L2 E- )g +,$ Y c13Kx
3 L! 3i T1 &'' E~G* 7
3 5D 8 E5 BEN
X4=1'' 2 +3%& #LJ%& 7
E%& & )g
\]@
#X1E%1'' Y
$ _ 3i=:
,D X4=1'' DU o A* Y8 ALw*8 Y
E*#`
#+DE%1'' E~G Y #` o L
ND 3i* ET O'' G +,$ 3i
8 X4=1'' 3i ET ;_L Y #` o Lc Y ELO''

A-.
.A./ AT"U* S* 8 : 3i=: 13*
0#+hT m
,D
&''
79
J:

| "
;3 |7
x *7
4E4 E!LO 1 x 1 q= L#P
Y*Q1 Db@
* Xr8 0N. Y*n
@
| " JO'' | "
1h I # ;$
c1@ 0
,D &'' | "
*q L#
&'' & ,* #L Y #L
h %&''
.A./ #L Y #L
0#SD 5 )g L| "
* )1''
| "7
: T%&* L3 0#

1 5F %&8'' Ll |
"7
1 5F 8*- &'' LA**n
+,$ _ j[ 5F 8*+D Y1'' | " ;Y*n
1h L@
A+5m Y &'' 1
#5%&* K*$
1m Y*n
!O'' LA5n
+XD8 ELO'' A!
| " 5D* * 0c 3=:
,D &'' AAg b
*,q ;LE
,L{
D@
ED )* | "* 1 * ;5=
* L34[ #L 4
3, 5m1'' A
*8 | "* 1 * L34[ D
** 1*Y
5J1''
Kd
Kd 4#7
4.1
*&*
G. u<k L }SW[~ o
13: Db@
8** %&?
13: Db@
* cd 0#+DE%& 8** &?
I # AT"U S* 0P cd 13: Db@
* L
A jD.

.A. E U;1 #L& 1P 8** &?

.A./ 8* 9 *5 L[1?

.A./ E*u 8 3i=:
,k
8*- )1?
cd 13: Db@
* L3Y5 0#
O 8* 9 T K SDJ
A?
cd 13: Db@
* L3Y5 0+, 4
.A./* E AU1
+Dc 0Y+& L8** &?

| " 8* 3L &?
| "
*q 8** &?
| "7
: Tc%&* 8*

1v Z#O
O?
| Y ;Y*n
;@
L! 0|& 3* &? L8*?
| "* aD 3Y5 p1 Y8 Ap18 3L ;=;.''
K. 0
0. ,J=
S4 S& *!M AUJF#
A 0P cd 13: Db@
* Y5%&
L
A jD.''
cd 13: Db@
;Ep qD9 ED ##l

;1 A+, ED ##l
80
J:
4.2 X* ?4D E5 AO: BEN7

*U DE2 A4EF 3D
3"7
G** *U DE ;3=
A H'H' JI)z +&/ O\ EK *E @ *J0 =-# E\ EF $`
GH EI, K455

J0
=-#
+
+J0 =-#
=-# E\
J0 =-# $ ?

?
*,q Lc $ E= 0#SDJ%& A51,@

3G=: ,1E@
JO'' 3i=:
,1E@
9%& L#P %&'' s A51, A* 3i=: ,1E &'' s
A51, L3h )
* s F#7
*x s 7
Z]
*
5*J s
A51,w* 0` JLz#7
* 31!* #X1E1'' _& 3i=: ,1E 8GD &''
G* 3i=: ,1E L3D; 8GD @
*
5*Jx
8G=** 31!*x 3"#
BT* 3jEQ 3K8 #X1E1'' N"# x * &\ \1 AhD{@
8 3i=:
,1E@
%&''
Kd
Kd 4#7
4.2
*&*
AAg Yh 05^&* 8GD
A* 3i V ;AqD 9 f Y8
8GD
A q= (Q8D ;& V ED AY.''
S4 S& *!M L z AXb ) R ;/
A A+D
AJ''
JJJ
A R &s 3"7
?4D b& Ea
0#;L& Y#P''
+J2 W %
A8d />
QA W@B
JA4] +$
J{
L@
}1 J@#
X2
3"7
A! ?4D
8G=*
A! ?4D
3"# T
A! ?4D
81
J:
T3 +&/ EK EF +

+J0 =-# E\ T\0?
T\0?
V 3L A* A5D &4 A* Y Yh 0N. AO8 7
?4D 3L &''
L8K_ 1976 9.8 I # V 42,184,952 D'' G ?4D 2001 9.8. Y+
80,713,434 Ah1'' G8 3L 24 9
&'' 24 9
&4 ,*
&4 I # V E4T A1 3L
KK 8 E5 I # A18'' ~G e
I # 8 a3"&*
;8 Ah8 AN&8'' G +,$ 3i=:
,1E@
E4 #;1'' X* ?4D E5 E*u 3=: ,1E@
E4
X4=1?
3i=:
,1E@
*
L3h
,1E@
* E*+ 8K_
$
* 31!*
8
;Tm
&''
8GD
& 3 E*
L*'' s ,1E L3h )
*
s
5*Jx
\] 3h !1'' 8GD ,1E 3[[8 E*+~A ;Tm
Y- !1'' 8GD @
*
3h !1''
0#X15&
5*Jx
8G=** 31!*
L~G8 5"w ;Tm Q
3"# 33"#
BT
+ ALJ'' X* ?4D E5
ND
+,$
,.* #J1'' L8e_ I # A 1976 9.8 L& I # S
3i=: ,1E@
2001 9.8 L& XB$ } A)g8'' V E4T E*+5&
AO 0SD 3i=: ,1E@
8 E4T
;5"w 8 ED
D ALJ%&'' 5D ,* 5"w V
ee E5 L&8'' L~G 5"w } 3i=: ,1E@

*
L3h %5=L
'' ;~G e8 3i=: ,1E@
E4 X!=1''
+E @ E\
T3 +&/ /> EK *$ +E @ E\ Q?

Q?
L~G 4# 8 L3,^ S+8 (1 ;!S& K

0Z * Y+ 80
K E*
L*'' I # V ;40
0Z * A1 L1'' G 3L ;24 9
f 40 0Z *
L= 5D _ 40 0Z N
a81'' V E5 a3"
#e1'' ;
: Tc@
A*W
X* V E5

@
+,$
: T| 4#
!L# qT= Y*8 38p { Z)*

1'' L~G8
4 _
DU
,k
* #;1'' ;
,k A*W ED
S )1'' G +,$ 8, E4 #;1''
#;1''
;8 Ah8
4 AUJF
L3,^ (O 7
+* V
* A;f A aX-[O''
DD Dh 3;1 Y+ A+E
=t*
=t
=1'' L~G X* E5 AO8
Y jD
0X4. &
,k
#;1'' E5 I # AL
9
,k
* A;1'' ED28 3i=: ,1E@
ED
82
E4 %&''
J:
Kd
Kd 4#7
4.2
*&* L
G. u<k w 4#7
V 8** &?

3i=: ,1E 8** &?
;3i=: ,1E@
7* L
A jD.''
X* V E5 3i=: ,1E@
E4* E*u Z#;1

1?
4 E*u Y+ Z# = E*+0

1 ,L''
K. 0
0. ,J=
1976 9.8 E 2001 9.8. &* I # V

I # 2001 9.8. *
4.3
1U8 A+Dx
3,
@m E5 E*K 5.''
+G*
*U DE2 A4EF 3D

3"7
G** *U DE ;3=
A H'H' +$ B4 =-: I At K455
+@M$ ACI @K*t B/00455
+=n%: C8%: +{% Q +r A20 ($ K455
+C'JV @=B +$ : 6 +' < * @/ \Jd EI,I =
B455
@2B @/#4 B/00455
JAM'N4 GQ2q +,A Q' AI-t *455
+\d I 94 B/00455
JAM'N4 +,K 2t E06 EF QAI- @QQ EI,A +$` AK=
23455

=D%
+= +J %
C8%
AI-

I%
83
J:
@M$ ACI
+,QC* *@0 `V55
+,QCA +$ B4 |{t +,Q]A 0t CKV:
E2 @$
$Q E2 @$
+à |{ @$
+$ B4 +C1t @CI1 I/ C8?4 [\ *[ \t $f 55
JI/C04 JA KD +C1t @/# L &V55
J7 KD I= +C1t =FBt L &V55
I ,> @? JI J/> +CK*n @/ $ =FB +,6
@H A-=55
+I @@1t W $ %?
JAM'N4
AM'N4 $ W % C
C KA?
KA?
AUJF#
A ;05 3
U;1 }7 8GD x Y A+D Z F#
%&'' E~G 3 LAUJF#
A 7
L#P A51, O'' 8GD @
33D
A51, O'' Y A+D
N"# Y8 L N"#
5*F# 0)*
Y8
ED ,
L"7
#SDJ1'' Z F# AUJF#
A* 8 +i* #;=1''
8GD ;S. 3 L! LE* S )g q=7* E*u E*+0#;&*
E* 1;''
8GD LAUJF#
A 7
3D E1 L ! jEQ 3i=: 8 &'' 8GD
AF ,JD 3D 33D q= 3;Y* &'' G q= +*
"# qD@
;Y1'' 8GD q=7
0;Yg T1 \f
8G=* L# 8GD 9@
0#8.
8G=* &'' A+=: A51, &4 L#P q=7
* 0#;&g
JLz#7
8 AO'' E~G +,$ DE
8GDx 81 DE
8GDx 5*j ;[x 5
=
4 =
%&'' a3"8 ;8GD w A51, 0#5 3"7
*
E5mL*'' / t%& Yh 3"7
* q-qD9 0#;. +*{

"#7
AO''
+*{

"#7
E#**W 3" 8 +* 0#;. |
%&'' 3"7
4
E*+DJ%& ;;O'' L~G8 8GD +*
"# 8GD &4 s3
3D 33D + E*;Y* 8 A X4=1''
+@M$ ACI @K*t

$ B4 0 EF EI,Q *? +,QCA \t @55
J$ B4 6t EF C*9A?
+$ q J2/ J,C*x 6t J,Q] C='0 @U +,K EF
%?
@$0 +@ C C=' +,Q] EF %?
$ q *C1t AT
+H] AK=# +,28 J$ @ %?
+$ q / / A& A8d[$ $ @?
84
J:
Q +[ \t * @M$ ACI $% * 8d, 55 4 @M$
ACI +BO @B ' AA55 E% @B ' / $ +$
C$ \: @M$ ACI A* $ +*$ / *@2 A55 E% +@M$
A2CI @B ' [\* +$ XH /01 Q$ C='0 -
C [ _55
1. !#}
DE
8G=*x 81 DE

8G=*x T1 \f
8G=*x 8GD 9w
8G=* A+D =
zO L0#;&g L3%&8 q= , +* !#}
%&'' Xy & ,JD Y8 Y+& ED8R ;, +* &- ;) #!%1
#S%1'' L~G !#} 1U8 A+D A* 5B &''
2. ,1B
,1B
DE
8G=*8 A* 8GD w A =D { 0. JLz#7
0YWA%&
ED8R7
x 0#1[A%& &K7
A! 8GD w 3i
\f7p%& ,1B
Yh ALJ%&'' 8*8 5D q&D
;Y* L8'' G8 _&
1U8 A+D 5B &''
3.
,
3*m&8 &K ,J= AXor8 ;,x ;
"# +* ED

)* AL''
L~G 8GD ,J= 0;Yg Yh ,x +*
"#* ; p
Xr8 ALJ%&'' AO8 7
L, 5M
)* ALJ%&'' , 1U8
A+D _& 5B &''
4.
z*
E
z cd Db &'' 5D* 3i* c1x c

*8 L4 DE1''
z l 5B7
AO'' L8K_ X A&4@ #LA,J L3"
#15^ &s L3"
Dx X Yh 3"7

(=
3L Y8
m 3" &s /transcript/

{ ;z 5B7
,L #LA,J
! / Z#E48 0

1
U;1 [ L
+ &'' L= j
w #1)* A51,
#%& ,L{
E#O =* j
!x q=
A*
5B &'' A! ; !S2

A A=D + ,1 ;P
5B &''
Y8 hD L0Yh
! _& z 5B &''

*,q q= 3S!D _& z
:
1U8 A+D 5B7

8GD
1U8 A+D AL 3L &''
85
J:
Kd 4#7
4.3
*&*
Lm&* 1U8 A+D 5B !& Jn qT= z 8 `''

1.
8G=*
J
&K7
*
8GD
0
1 3Y} _
3i
L!T m&
zO
,1B
1U8 A+D
Z#
: 5B
&?
2.
%&* K8*: TL-b #J;g

DE
3.
8GD F!%& m&*
1U8 A+D
: 5B Y1?
AO8 3"7
+* 1p%&* L& Y+ 8GD w
m&*
4.
8G=* 3="# E*#SD 8GD w
1U8 A+D
O'' G
: 5B #K#1?
8GD
* 3i zO #15J A51, L3,^ {
S1* A4t #Y,V1'' G m&
1U8 A+D
!8 )
: 5B &?
+
+ @/
@/
C1t I { $ *@H T-4?
T-4?
G 4# i* &: Tc #*rJD1'' 3*m&8 i Y+fw 3i L
Y E*N& m1'' G* 8 0#Kv E** KO V7 %&''
A* V7 L~# \f ? E*)g 3i E** Z#jER
A 5J1'' *
L\f L3 ;0Xrz ,J=
U;1 m& *
3;D &''
$ @/ E4 Bd4?
Bd4?
E* 5=
A |

A'' E*+,
A L3*m&8 5"w E 0;.L
LE*8 ;=O'' a3"8 *
jj.
:
;YL
A EL Q8k
)
A p L 0;.
A
@
@
8 AO'' S4
@
%&''
!"# 8 , 3,^
A
Ax
Q "# +R 8GD o 3,^x

AU1x AE8k 3i=: 5
,D ULJ
A L 8GDx A## E*U 3,^x
AU1x AE8k 3i=: 5 LE5 0#X1
A* E
?K?
3,^x
;3*m&8 9 -Ux E*U A1J 8=x ;1 V o )*x ;AU:
h
:
*
)*x E#
A Lq= K+D L;J q= AL
h!D 0O ;
@
4}@ %&''
L3;D tz L#P 3 AO'' P E P]T (UNESCO and UNICEF)
0JO **
86
L3;D 0. 9L8 AST D@

%&'' P J.
*,q
J:
8GD e* J1 D ()* P]T +,$ J.
*,q 9L8 AST
A+E b X* Y8 5*j T>[ ` 3L &'' ;~G 9L8 AST D@
L! ,*
=K
A
*,q
@p
A E*;D
A A4t =1'' I #
;L A%&'' ; jjD%&
@
,
@p
A zO 1987 9.8. Y& I # u=:
$=(#: "Z 5-
*,q A*SB 36 U1'' @

x o Y@

0]D E~G
;=%&* ;1 t!=1''
@p
A

C AI- I%
Jà4 [\ J[ () J CQ9a4 CQ0QVJ
AI- +,-\@ Q@E1 AM'N 3 XA / %55
AI-t E-\ = 55
7
,J=: E*h7
0;YgJ%& qT=7
AO A+E7
Z#E4z
O'' A+E
N"# AUJFx 8GD @
,F &4x *5 Y8 c Z#E48
1'' A+E
8*
8 9%& DU %&'' A5=
* 5!.8 ) ;37
A+E 8*
0;O %&''
;DU"7
A+E
EK A+E
cDT &\ z A+E
;8 ) ;&- E*K Z#E48 0
1 A+E KO*
4S p1''
9 w DU 7
;DU" A+E7
$Ox tO'' ;A+E& LJ7
;f E,
%&'' A+E7
;7
?44D &- A+O8'' l7* A+E7
E*#E4z 3, p1''
l7
A+E7
UL3Yh L_
+G* UL3 0X!. %&''
+@w AI
064 EF Q@w AI- @8J? 4?

4?
A* [ 05D AO8 qT= =* ;A+E

L
!h E*+
"# ZY 05J 1)
AJJ1 AL'' E*G 1''
E $Ut4 ACA: 8[? JA: A:

Q$ TD
$ 4.2
4.2 +CfQ M1 AI-
G* AJJ1 L#P A7

,J=: 3, p1'' L8K_ A&= c+7
E,D
8l Yh 0;O* =f +*{
3D ALJ
A''
LE,m jE
*5n
p =
#X1E1'' ~G A
L
*5W*
*5W* ,= !D
;f Lf Em Ah 0
;1 ;0#;O A+E =* L
Yh h0#
W'' E~G _O
` ;DU"7
*
!h #
1'' A&= c7
* 8D`
)* ,= S* 4* 3 ALJ

A''
87
J:
8*8 A t
Ah 0
;DU" 5* 3,
` ;DU"7
* DS hD L3 L3
O &'' A1b
!J qT= L34
*5 L34 A$.''8*#w ;ALw8
!S8
*5W
1U8 &''
LE,
3 - 4?D SL8 S 3
k
UO ~#
v1 34 AXb &''
L7
3 jEQ =f
= UL
"#&* !
A 34 ALJ
A'' S
& 81 ; ?8 3L &'' A*u & 81 ; +,$ AD` 3L
)g*
5*J
A 34 ALJ
A''
EK A+E
EK A+E ;Tm Y * A&0 &'' EK A+E
Z#E48

1''
+EE0
8*# !SKO''
5k
4*
L0;w
EK
A+E7
N"# AUJF8 ) ;~# &-
*
,*V
3
,L
N"# AUJF LEK A+E 8*- 0)g SO EK ZS!O 0

O
# ALJ%&'' L8K_ j &s@

+h h!1 E*a SO ZS!O
0
O %&'' E~G* 5k
;EK ADS* 3ND #X1E1'' ;
0)g
L
N"# AUJF L0K EK A+E
0S!1 EKx S!L ;1x #L4* 0YYD
D
x L " E*a (E= ?=- %&'' SO 0S!O 5k
* 4*
LEK A+E
EL4 AE0*
S p1''
0S!O 5k
* #LA,J
ED8R
*U Y8
A1b 4*
1 4" 3, _&
"#
;;# F#7
A%
"# ED8R &'' L~G +,$ EK A+E
?4D 1 34 Y8 A1b hD { 3S

L38L4 0;O* ED8R7
Y ALJ%&'' SO
5151 LJ%&8'' EK A+E ;e8
)* #L =* ;qT=& T4 3=h &'' LEK A+E
#
;;# F# 1
4 5F &'' EK A+E (X!D ;A+E&
& !hJ
H1''
EK A+E (X!D A+*,`''
; &4
&4 #L&* E ;EK L3* A$.''
1K
A EK ;##j XB$
j
A A&`''
k4 LJ
A8'' 8*#w8 . EKw* Z#J&

1''
L~G S
A

m Y+f
Y+ H *;JLO'' ;~#8 !L&* &

L3SS &\
$ 4.3
4.3 +E6 AI;Dx #X1E1'' E*+~A8 EK A+E* ED L3,^ 1 +&O''
j&D &4 #1L
+ - Y8 EK U#
A EK A+E* ED L3,^ 1
+&O''
EK
1 ;5J
A
88
t8
*;JL1 E*LJ
A Aj*''
J:
` _" {7

;
*U
t! A&*8 Y#& LA}7

LJLz#7
3KYh''
8*U 8*h1 YS 4* 3,''
cDT &\ z A+E

cDT &\ z _
A+E 8*
%&'' Yh Am Y*
cDT $1&
+= &\ z ZX4.
O''
*5 D D AXD
DD X!. 41h {
cDT
Z4LSL?
O'' ~G 9 5k
;0#;O A+E =*
!h AXb &'' cDT
Y* &\ z AVm& b#: A-D b 0;z A+E7

%&'' 5D ,* (#E4z
;Tm &
#;O'' |DT A+E (#E43

A 0;O* ED8R7
YW'' cDT
&\ z (#E43

A E|1
Y8 VT
!h ALJ
A'' |DT UL AUJF Y+ ;Tm AUJF
& E*d |DT A!5
Y A5J8''
E*K *K
&*
KO E*K A+5

%&'' *%& E & (rabies) Z#;1
1''
~G 9 A+E (#E48 T4 8 A51, 3,^ #X1E1''
*
t*!4
4T &
A* 144
L
'' _
E*K8 A,J U1#l A+E Z#;O

O'' 8 , b %&'' hx X AG# =5O'' L~G 7
,J=:
E*h JOJ%& qT=7
zO A+E Z#E48
1'' 4*
"#7
* ,J=:
U+E
A ;l7 A+E7
38L4

A''
89
J:
Kd
Kd 4#7
4.3
*&* L
G. u?<k L }SW[w
}SW[w o
1U8 A+D 8* 3L &?
1U8 A+D A 5B7

8** %&?
;
:
@
F#* w* 5.''
N"# AUJF EK A+E 8*

8** %&?
N"# AUJF8 ) ;~# &- 0X!D EK A+E* L S 0#
O 4*
ED8R7
8** %&?
A1b Y+ 8GD
A ;DU"
*5 E#` L0
` LT1 +p
A
8* 9 4* 8D

A?
K. 0
0. ,J=
N"# AUJFx 8GD ,Fx
*5 Z#E4z 0
O A+E
9@
* 4* L
A jD.''
Ljj=
A A+E 9@
ZYW 05J%&* 4* ED8R7
pD
AjE
3"# T
A &4 ,1B 0 qT= L4[''
AL * ;[T
A ;A*+m& * A* 3" EK A+E
4" A=bx ;ALm& * E*+~A A* 3" EK A+E
=m*
1
X!.*
;;# F#
Y;1 A+E& AUJF E*+) E!S

'' EK A+E
=
E
` 8* 4* ED8R7
,LB
;;#
& E*LJ
A 051B 0
a /role play/ Yw''
5!D N"# AUJF EK ! A+E F; 7

8* 9 ;;1 ED8R
& E*+05J%& A}7
* !
A LT
A j5J AhD''
90
J:
+Oa d a
5- J3 * A='/ @KK $ 3 6 +C*a {% *A='/ *=
\?$ ~55
J0 =-#5- @= *A8d e.R J-0 +,[ ' EI $ l

+@62A AK=#55
C8%/
C8%/{%5- $ =*2/ *,Q C='0 *J '*3 $ I/ CK
@H55
AI-5- 6 B2/ +,Q2 (: \955

< 5- A $ 4*q$ J +C*vA 55
=D%5- @=B &' C='0 *7 J,B? @ +Q I55
.
#5- JJ0 \ +,Tn J=*2 JA8dv J2/
( +,QA
#55
I%5- QAI- @8J?55

+= +J %5- $ C='0 =: I/ @@1 CQ +@Tn$ I55
5- JA + Bv \K JfB A$} \d? ~655
91
J:
TnK

.

.A.
A./ AT"U S* 5w YS &'' AUJF& DU
& 3i=: 8 :
,k
* 3;1 5m1'' |d 13:
Db@
L&
L
[[ ABO #+DEO'' L~G 2* qD-
, cd 13: Db@

* 3Y5 AXb &''
X* ?4D E5 _& AUJF&

,D &'' AT"U S* 5=
G*
,D
;{p%&
hT
E5
A1p%&8''
T4
ED
8*#w8
Z8
JL
8
pO
%&
&''
G8
E5

)g
L{p%& } )g 3i=: ,1E@

* Z#SD A1pO8'' L~G AT"U
S* 5= A1b 3i=: ,1E ;Tm E4 #1'' V
E5 AT"U S* AUJF E#;L #L& _& ED ,
E4 &''
1U8 A+D 3: Y8

AXor8 5B*
L;1''
*,q: ,J= 0;Yg* +
1U8 A+D A=
ED28 !#}x ,1Bx , z*
: 5B7
AO''
E %&''
5& i 5*F UF &1 %&'' m&8 3i

L E5 8GD 1P v 0!& ~G e &'' G v
l&* b AL
*5n
5Lo1'' A*+m& *
:
@
L3;D 04 v &'' _& AXb )g gk G@

E*#5
3, &'' ;gk G@
U;1 A*W ;A+E =K%&*
!h E*u
E*+0
O 33D &'' AUJF#%& Z#E4%& ;0
O A+E7
=K%&* E*u
;;1 E*LJ%& 8GD%& A*W T1 ADc 3h
E*Y? 3, #X1E1'' V7* 5 0!%&* \f

92
Y E*
O 3, 0pL& E~G* ,J=
Xr8 &''
J:
$E0a
Kd o
A0
G. 0;O
0;O 9T 5k
1 ;)g "E&"
E&" G ;)g +,$ ""
" 3L 8 `''
1.

.A./*
XY 0#
O J
2.
cd 13: Db@
l&* b KK E8
3.

.A./
4.
j
5.
o AO8 9 q=
aJ4 Ak
\]@
AO''
w %&''
4 ZLT
1''
Y8 &&h 0+, q= h4D z A+L8''

S!D
A%&''
K. u #G
jj.
eT@ #K$ Y` k[
k[
SK ` AV8W''
#G$Y` jj.
G
______ 1. J1 AU1
G. & t*
______ 2.
K. !L[
______ 3. |d 13: Db
N. Y T
______ 4. A:
S. 13: Db
4
______ 5. 3i=:
,D
K
D,
.
.A.
. AU1 3E!8
. #p Ep
S.
. EK A+E
N. L0;O
L0;O 4#7
;S A3=-
U;1 Lm
1 8`::
8`::
_______1. Y8 Y 4D 3S1 |d 13: Db 0Xr
& m& 3i
AJ1 &?
G. ah o
N. E 5> AVY*@
K. c13e Y*n
S. 1R5n
_______2. ;Ep AXor8 ED ##j |d 13: Db m& &?

G. !Je
K.
T!D
N. !L[

_______3. ;0;O ,J=

G. L=: 8D
L. YJ* L
. *
S. E*41 3t4
U;1 A*W 3i=: ,1E ;3h ED ,* L&8''
=- c
*
5x
;;1 0#
1 J L"7
!x
!4 &\ 3hx
. A*+m +R 8GD A* S_ &4
5*Jx
93
J:
______ 4. ;z 5B7
______ 5.
U;1 A*W m& &?
G. ,
N. !#}
K. {
S. ,1
*,q Lc $ E= 0#SDJ%& 8* 9 A51, %&?

G. LU
N.JG:
K. 8 :
S. 3G=:
S. S4 LS 4#7
4#7
A-D 8 `''
1. L
.A./ 3#E1` AL A7
* ,L''
2.
.A./ 0LTJ%&*
3.
:
4.
*5n
o>''
@
* DD o>A%&''
1U8 A+D A
5L7
8** %&?
5. 3i=: ,1E@
8** %&?
6.
.A./ AT"U S* L0 8
,D E*u 8*- Z)* E*+0
1
A=.''
7. ?4D
D E*u AUJF
=t Z#;1
1?
8. X* ?4D E5 E*u 3G=: ,1E@

E4 #;1?
W. 0
0. ,J=
1. L *+=
A S4 jj. 3i=: ,1E@
L3h
;Y* 05J%&*
,J= A* A* jD=

A o>''
. s A51,
L. 8GD
. _" \1 AhD{

. * &\
2. S4 S A+E 8*
Z;w 0
O A+E7
* L S 0#
O 4*
"#7
* DD o>''
. ;DU" A+E
L. Ee A+E
94
. cDT &\ z A+E

. U E*K A+E
J:
}h
M<E< ULD< }v^ KSK I () UM
e4* &4 Ag.''
1. L
.
L
.A.
A../
./ 0#E1` |d 13: Db@

3="# ELA''
2. |d 13: Db@
L8K_ !L[x 1 ,DV E
*hK 0#
`* AO: BEN * ALA''
3.
.

.A.
A./ L| " #L AKb
E*u Z)* E*+0
1
E4
*
5*j A==LA''
4. I # ?4D E5 LED

,1E@
h
E*u
8*#
L3G=:
Z)*
E*+0
1
E51LA''
5. 8GD * ,Ex +*{
* A37
E51LA''
6.
1U8 A+D
5L7
* A==LA''
7. ,1B
,1B !#}
!#} f ;z y A=D
D8* E51LA''
8. J.
*,q 8GDx K* JG1 D
L 4 E*+0#+D, ALA''

9.
:
@
* A==LA''
10. AUJF Z;w 0

O ;J A+E7
* EL#LA''
11. 4* +*{
* B A==LA''
12. AUJF 05 7
E=K%&* E*u ;A+E
;;1
E*+0
O 8D A51, ELA''
95

Soc ST Amh SBG5

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Soc ST Amh SBG5

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

w[}cw de

= IS e` T w }< unL UI` ^ Thh a

(GEQIP) T" <:: a~ LT u]~ uT>< Se UI` u? 1-12 KA

a TK L' =K= MT TIu`' @`L Ls w]> G`

` KUk MT M (DFID) <::

u= =^L V^c= ]wK= UI` T>>e`

<^ =}`iM dT> /}//TIu`

GTM =..=.] =^M ] ? l` 410/2004 ^ }T

Sw un 10 S l` 55 =e uv L 19, 2004 KLM::

T>Kw [ G<K< `M:: d<p ueI}

dpd< }KK< "K< upT> p` Gp uT>kK< IS eL>< G<p GUc

E  T>u

A    A

I)*+ A  ,- ./

I)*+ $.  67 /  89:

!"#$ %& ''

A!, < < ;<= vq MLG<''

I)*+ $. B.C$ ,- ./

!0Y/ < < ?/

;<=#$ /D& ''

1.1 ]" k G

U ES A.TU ! D

A  

uA &'  $!(

!" TK  Y^ U ` !" u"vu=< T>< K?KA a 94[

}^a !4J\ T ,]^ FS9 <::  _ ALU &%3 H `

!" !2 A 1

6N JB !" !09b c &% Nd%::

ArL Ah T ,]^

!" AN A3ct

!" !09b Nx&%::

mvD 13 6N Jf ED 9 !09b Nx&%'' A

 G- A ;% A

% 1.1 Em!9n ALU$ 3 b

  1.1 E F G!.H IG A J

A #A AOP) #G A IQ K?

A ,$:: N ;% Ap- 1

A  z9 3 b N{ 6m ACD LH NL% (%1.1 !%n):: ucT@ UY^p

vH` Q vH[ cL? T <cM:: =G< Y^ ue}u<w UY^p V Q <3e

T>}K< "` uV #> ]" k G S)S) LLG<;

  1.2 A 9 U9<VWG

=9 >?@ >AU A#I

]" k &e< G

Kd .+ 1.1

]" "` dK<::

u"`G< L ]" k S%~::

]" k G ue< 3m %  J ; I/ &N A-''

  1.3 #e@9 >?B>* #=

!? A   8< *Gu?

#!? A   8<  vKb ?NI K>9E9f?

c$ p} "& }q[< T><v< x 3} "L S Y^ uSvM

  1.5 ?A< #!? A  Bx K

!b} E9   A IQ E ?'

u=) K? p} "L S Y^ A\ X=I x T>< u]~ }K

J2C 1.2 AK  9+P  

uc[ 1.2 }SK~ p} "L   ` wN?^ ML

S1 K?w p} "L S Y^ K<:: ? u` "vu= K?KA

p} "L S Y^ E\ N/6%::

J$ 3 A% Ef 2D TN !+ !% 1987 (E.A.A 1995) .

F u  g$ 3 A% 2 ,$'' U  g$ ./

J. /%'' A! A F9$ +f n    g d p }N3 9

kU Sh I)*+ Em,C /$%:: u"vu=G< p} "L S Y^ "K< u"M

J) 99 E 9 mKAHM

E T>u

A A

I)*+ A ,- ./

I)*+ $. 67 / 89:

!"#$ %&''

A!, < < ;<= vq MLG<''

I)*+ $. B.C$ ,- ./

!0Y/ < < ?/

;<=#$ /D&''

U ES A.TU ! D

A

uA &' $!(

!" TK Y^ U ` !" u"vu=< T>< K?KA a 94[

}^a !4J\ T ,]^ FS9 <:: _ ALU &%3 H`

!" !2 A 1

6N JB !" !09b c &% Nd%::

ArL Ah T ,]^

!" AN A3ct

!" !09b Nx&%::

mvD 13 6N Jf ED 9 !09b Nx&%'' A

G- A ;% A

% 1.1 Em!9n ALU$ 3 b

1.1 E F G!.H IG A J

A #A AOP) #G A IQ K?

A ,$:: N ;% Ap- 1

A z9 3 b N{ 6m ACD LH NL% (%1.1 !%n):: ucT@ UY^p

T>}K< "` uV #> ]" k G S)S) LLG<;

1.2 A 9 U9<VWG

=9 >?@ >AU A#I

Kd .+1.1

]" k G ue< 3m % J ; I/ &N A-''

1.3 #e@9 >?B>* #=

!? A 8< *Gu?

#!? A 8< vKb ?NI K>9E9f?

c$ p} "& }q[< T><v< x 3} "L S Y^ uSvM

1.5 ?A< #!? A Bx K

!b} E9 A IQ E?'

u=) K? p} "L S Y^ A\ X=I x T>< u]~ }K

J2C 1.2 AK 9+P

uc[ 1.2 }SK~ p} "L ` wN?^ ML

S1 K?w p} "L S Y^ K<:: ? u` "vu= K?KA

p} "L S Y^ E\ N/6%::

J$ 3 A% Ef 2D TN !+ !% 1987 (E.A.A 1995) .

F u g$ 3 A% 2 ,$'' U g$ ./

J./%'' A! A F9$ +f n g d p }N3 9

kU Sh I)*+ Em,C /$%:: u"vu=G< p} "L S Y^ "K< u"M

J) 99 E 9 mKAHM

#I,-.9 #A &' mKAHM ~ 9WG?

`e NG =) v< u330 S} UH[ "vu= , :: I HT

E 9 mKAH B. kl E A E :;

EE` Y` =) Qx Z vIM SK SJ< Tu`

A2;h !2% c AB&X ,$::

Kd .+ 1.2

u]" k =) M T>` a `^G< !] uLG<

e*/ I,-.9 A N8

1.6 I,-. e/ N8

=) u]" <e S1 ekV }!Z[ v< . Ah S"M A :: .

A N8 ;G b#)?

T 2,500 S u ucT@ =) u[ S ,$:: TM ,C

Bao |G ?E z b#nG E = ) bG?

% 1.7 c<U }<M

Z} :. #Enn# E! #Y E AJ |G >p# ?b!Y

E ?E z >n kl UYA./ ) ) # E I,-. B

A;S Em !01 !$ 150 ! 9 , :: o+ A! A;S 0 AG

}] Qx <:: 63n 2C$ !mD 0 Jg 1 6

vL uw< S_ u` u\:: uHTU [ 0 CJD `'

S1 ` u6 L }SW[} u^<:: 0 S S1 A$h8

SY`}< u`:: o ;+ S<eK=U u[< =\dK?U K=) `e+

0 AD"$ >?+< KHTG MKA +$\ , :: o ;+ 63n p

#? J) t.o9 #AJ |G > .BG

Jw_ SD 0 !01

% 1.8 LK=uL <p` u?} `e+

6 !01 %c L9O dM%:: A ! 1 6 !01/#$ Jw_ 1`6

/; EmF/6$ =) S"K< S `e+ uS<eK=U %c= S"M [U

% 1.9 ` A.? N8*

#I,-. :\M ; b#n?

_ XY AN& w =) TM Em,C N/6%:: A2&N AN& E%

!+#$ EC0 !, %c= NL\ , ::

10"$ 16"$ ;9 A! !%

I)*+ / u %c= ,-:: u %c= c /6