Footing Footings are an important part of foundation construction.
They are typically
made of concrete with rebar reinforcement that has been poured into an excavated trench. The purpose of footings is to support the foundation and prevent settling.
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element
that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member.
A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by
resisting against bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment. Beams are characterized by their profile (shape of cross-section), their length, and their material.
A concrete slab is common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs
of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving.