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Textile fiber[edit]
A unit in which many complicated textile structures are built up is said to
be textile fiber.
Natural fibers[edit]
Mineral fibers include the asbestos group. Asbestos is the only naturally
occurring long mineral fiber. Six minerals have been classified as "asbestos"
including chrysotile of the serpentine class and those belonging to
the amphibole class: amosite, crocidolite,tremolite, anthophyllite and actinoli
te. Short, fiber-like minerals include wollastonite and palygorskite.
Synthetic fibers[edit]
Silicon carbide fibers, where the basic polymers are not hydrocarbons but
polymers, where about 50% of the carbon atoms are replaced by silicon atoms,
so-called poly-carbo-silanes. The pyrolysis yields an amorphous silicon carbide,
including mostly other elements like oxygen, titanium, or aluminium, but with
mechanical properties very similar to those of carbon fibers.
Fiberglass[edit]
Fiberglass, made from specific glass, and optical fiber, made from purified
natural quartz, are also man-made fibers that come from natural raw
materials, silica fiber, made fromsodium silicate (water glass) and basalt
fiber made from melted basalt.
Mineral fibers[edit]
Mineral fibers can be particularly strong because they are formed with a low
number of surface defects, asbestos is a common one.[4]
Cellulose fibers[edit]
Cellulose fibers are a subset of man-made fibers, regenerated from
natural cellulose. The cellulose comes from various sources. Modal is made from
beech trees, bamboo fiber is a cellulose fiber made from bamboo, seacell is
made from seaweed, etc.
Polymer fibers[edit]
polyamide nylon
phenol-formaldehyde (PF)
for wool. Carbon fibers and PF fibers are noted as two resin-based fibers
that are not thermoplastic, most others can be melted.
polyurethane fiber
Elastolefin
Coextruded fibers have two distinct polymers forming the fiber, usually
as a core-sheath or side-by-side. Coated fibers exist such as nickel-coated
to provide static elimination, silver-coated to provide anti-bacterial
properties and aluminum-coated to provide RF deflection for radar chaff.
Radar chaff is actually a spool of continuous glass tow that has been
aluminum coated. An aircraft-mounted high speed cutter chops it up as it
spews from a moving aircraft to confuse radar signals.
Microfibers[edit]
Very short and/or irregular fibers have been called fibrils. Natural cellulose,
such as cotton or bleached kraft, show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from
the main fiber structure.[2]