Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
LAMPIRAN
REAKTOR
Fungsi
Tipe reaktor
: Reaktor CSTR
Kondisi operasi
1. Tekanan
: 1 atm
2. Suhu
: 46oC
3. Konversi
: 99%
Massa,kg/jam
F.berat
BM
kmol/jam
C12H25C6H5
9.663,6761
0,4417
246
39,2832
0,2330
C14H29C6H5
C10H21C6H5
135,2523
1,9602
0,0062
0,0001
274
218
0,4936
0,009
0,0029
0,0001
9.663,6761
2.415,919
21.880,4838
0,4417
0,1104
1,0000
98
80
98,6089
30,199
168,5938
0,5849
0,1791
1,0000
H2SO4
SO3
TOTAL
F. mol
Massa ,kg/jam
, kg/m3
Fv, m3/jam
9.663,6761
135,2523
1,9602
9.663,6761
2.415,919
21.880,4838
835,395
838,243
837,547
1.807,21
1.802,195
11,5678
0,1614
0,0023
5,3473
1,3405
18,4193
, m3/kg
0,0005
0,0000
0,0000
0,0002
0,0001
0,0008
massa, kg/jam
= 18,4193 m3/jam
densitas, kg/m 3
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
39,2832 kmol/jam
= 2,1327 kmol/m3
18,4193 m 3 / jam
99,6089 kmol/jam
= 5,3536 kmol/m3
18,4193 kmol/jam
C BO
C AO
= 2,5102
kC A C B
dt
dt
Dengan k = konstanta kecepatan reaksi
(rA ) -
1
.Ln
C AO ( M 1) t
M XA
M (1 X A )
Diketahui:
CAO
= 2,1327 kmol/m3
CBO
= 5,3536 kmol/m3
= 2,5102
XA
= 0,99
Untuk t
= 0,637 m/kmol.jam
Optimasi Reaktor
Menghitung jumlah reaktor
a. Menggunakan 1 RATB
Reaktor 1
V1
Fv (X A1 X A0 )
kC AO (1 X A1 )( M X A1 )
diperoleh:
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
XA0 = 0
XA1 = 0,99
V1 = 882,8808
b. Menggunakan 2 RATB
Reaktor 1
V1
Fv (X A1 XAO )
kC AO (1 X A1 )( M X A1 )
Reaktor 2
V2
Fv (X A2 X A1)
kC AO (1 X A2 )( M X A 2 )
diperoleh:
XA0 = 0
XA1 = 0,9017069
V1= 77,3198
XA2 = 0,99
V2 = 77,3198
c. Menggunakan 3 RATB
Reaktor 1
V1
Fv (X A1 XAO )
kC AO (1 X A1 )( M X A1 )
Reaktor 3
V3
Fv (X A3 X A2 )
kC AO (1 X A3 )( M X A3 )
Reaktor 2
V2
Fv (X A2 X A1)
kC AO (1 X A2 )( M X A 2 )
diperoleh:
XA0 = 0
XA1 = 0,79294
V1 = 30,2326
XA2 = 0,9547677
V2 = 30,2326
XA3 = 0,99
V3 = 30,2326
d. Menggunakan 4 RATB
Reaktor 1
Fv (X A1 XAO )
V1
kC AO (1 X A1 )( M X A1 )
Reaktor 3
V3
Fv (X A3 X A2 )
kC AO (1 X A3 )( M X A3 )
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Reaktor 2
V2
Reaktor 4
Fv (X A2 X A1)
kC AO (1 X A2 )( M X A 2 )
V4
Fv (X A4 X A3 )
kC AO (1 X A4 )( M X A4 )
Diperoleh:
XA0 = 0
XA1 = 0,699
V1 =18,6145
XA2 = 0,9046
V2 = 18,6145
XA3 = 0,96938
V3 = 18,6145
XA4 = 0,99
V4 = 18,6145
n
1
2
3
4
XA1
0,99
0,9017069
0,79294
0,699
XA2
XA3
0,99
0,9547677
0,99
0,9046 0,96938
1 ft 3
- Diketahui volume reaktor = 882,8808 m x
0,02832 m 3
= 31.197,2024 ft3
- Volume cairan
= 1,2 x 31.197,2024 ft3 (over design 20%)
= 37.436,643 ft3
= 1.059,457 m3
Pengambilan H/D diusahakan mendekati 1, karena jika H/D terlalu besar
3
D:H=1
Volume shell
(Brownell, 1959)
=
=
4
3
D2 H
D3
4 Vshell
4 x 1.059,457
= 11,0484 m
= 434,9772 in
Volume dish
= 0,000049 Ds3
Dimana:
Ds
= diameter shell, in
Vdish
= 0,000049 x (434,9772 )3
= 4.032,697 in3
D2
sf
144
Vsf
diambil sf
=2
Vsf
= x ( 434,9772 ) 2 x 2
144
= 2.062,862 in3
Sehingga,
Vhead
= 2 (Vdish + Vsf )
= 2 x (4.032,697 + 2.062,862)
= 12.191,1177 in3
= 345,2525 m3
Vreaktor
= Vshell + Vhead
= 1.059,457 m3 + 345,2525 m3
= 1.404,7094 m3
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Untuk menentukan jumlah reaktor digunakan optimasi. Dari fig 13-15, Peter hal
268 dapat diperoleh harga reaktor untuk mempertimbangkan jumlah reaktor
dengan harga yang minimal.
Untuk V = 10 m3 harganya $ 70.000
Vi
Dimana harga alat = $ 70.000
10
0, 6
0, 6
1.404,7094
= $ 70.000
10
= $ 1.360.347,7491
Dengan cara yang sama dapat dihitung diameter, volume dan harga reaktor untuk
D,in
Vhead,in3 Vhead,m3
434,9772 12.191,1177 345,2525
193,1811 1.520,2732
43,0541
141,2667
711,4357
20,1479
D,m
11,0484
4,9068
3,5882
22,3374
3,0526
Vreaktor,m3
1.404,7094
135,8379
56,4270
36,0745
120,1818
U$/ reaktor
1.360.347,7491
334.896,5394
197.692,5254
151.153,5394
485,0637
13,7371
U$/ total
1.360.347,7491
669.793,0788
593.077,5761
604.614,1575
1100000,0000
1000000,0000
900000,0000
800000,0000
700000,0000
600000,0000
500000,0000
400000,0000
0
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
: 3,5882 m
- Tinggi shell
: 3,5882 m
- Volume shell
: 36,2791 m3
- Volume head
: 20,1479 m3
- Volume reaktor
: 56,4270 m3
: 0,99
- Volume cairan
: 36,2791 m3
- Volume bottom
: 0,5x 20,1479 m3
: 10,0739 m3
: 2,5928 m
Pr i
+C
fE 0,6 P
dimana:
ts
= tebal shell, in
= faktor koreksi
= 0,125 in
Pop = 1 atm
= 14,7 psi
Phidrostatis
= camp g
H = tinggi cairan
gc
xh
dimana g/gc = 1
= 2,5928 m = 8,5066 ft
t shell
Pr i
+C
fE 0,6 P
= 0,2404 in
dipilih t shell
Persamaan
= x 3
th
rc
irc
P.rc.W
+ C
2. f .E 0,2 P
dimana:
rc = Jari-jari dish, in
irc = Jari-jari sudut dalam, in
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
ID/2
= 70,6334 in
AB = ID/2 irc
= 61,8834 in
BC = r- irc
= 123,25 in
AC =
BC 2 AB 2 = 106,5880 in
= r AC
= 25,4120 in
OA = b + th + sf
= 27,7245 in
= 0,7042 m
Tinggi reaktor
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
O
A
ic
Br
A
r
ID
Sf
C
O
D
L
Di
Dt
Keterangan
ID
Di
: diameter pengaduk
: lebar baffle
: tinggi cairan
Digunakan pengaduk jenis turbin dengan 6 sudut (six Blades Turbine),
karena turbin memiliki range volume yang besar dan dapat digunakan untuk
kecepatan putaran yang cukup tinggi.
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
B / ID = 1/12
W / Di = 1/5
E / Di = 1
L / Di = 1/4
Ukuran pengaduk:
W=
Di
= 1,1961 = 0,2392 m
5
5
L=
Di
= 1,1961 = 0,2990 m
4
4
B=
ID
= 3,5882 = 0,2990 m
12
12
E = 1 x 1,1961 = 1,1961 m
600
.d
WELH
2.d
(Rase, 1977)
WELH = ZL x Sg
Dimana:
(Rase, 1977)
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Massa total
Fv
21.880,483 8 kg/jam
=
18,4193 m3/jam
cairan =
air
3,08
Jumlah pengaduk = WELH =
= 0,8584 1 buah
3,5882
ID
10,1051 ft
2 x3,9241 ft
Np..N 3 .d 5
gC
Dimana:
campuran
NRe =
(Brown, 1978)
Np
= power number
gC
= 6,7243 cP
= 0.0045187 lb/s.ft
N.d 2 .
= 9.383,4136
Dari fig. 8.7 rase, hal.348, diperoleh Np = 6
P=
18,2574
= 20,7471 Hp
0,88
4. Perancangan Pendingin
1. Reaktor 1
Komponen
Panas masuk, kJ/jam Panas keluar,kJ/jam
C12H25C6H5
442.180,6939
91.557,9345
C14H29C6H5
69,375
69,375
C10H21C6H5
6.886,589
6.886,589
H2SO4
291.041,9758
288.237,3013
SO3
162.751,4674
H2O
1.503,698
C12H25C6H4.SO3H
560.593,042
Panas reaksi
4.660.936,351
Panas pendingin
4.615.018,513
Total
5.563.866,453
5.563.866,453
Menghitung dimensi pendingin
Suhu fluida panas reaktor = 46oC = 114,8oF
Suhu fluida dingin masuk = 30oC = 86oF
Suhu fluida dingin keluar = 40oC = 104oF
Fluida panas reaktor
114,8
Higher temp
Fluida dingin
86
T
28,8
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
114,8
TLMTD
Lower temp
104
10,8
28,8 10,8
28,8
ln
10,8
= 18,3518
Menghitung luas transfer panas
Untuk fluida panas light organik dan fluida dingin air
UD = 75-150 Btu/ft2.oF. jam
(Kern, 1983)
= 4.615.018,513 Kj
Q
U D T
4.374.425, 131
150 x18,3518
= 4.374.425,131 Btu
= 1.589,098 ft2
= .D.L
= . 3,5882 . 3,5882
= 435,1580 ft2
0,87 .k L2 .N.
Dt
2/3
Cp.
k
1/ 3
0 ,14
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Dimana,
w
0 ,14
=1
hC
Dt
Cp
= viskositas air
L2 .N.
Cp.
k
hC =
2/3
1/ 3
2
3
= (3,9241 ft ) x3.315,2885 / jamx74,1588lb / ft
16,2674 lb / jam. ft
2/3
= 3.783,4984
1/ 3
= 3,5533
= 377,546 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
86 104
= 95oF
2
= 0,356 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Qp
Cp.(T2 T1 )
1.103.016 kkal / jam
1,048 kkal / kg .C.(40 30)C
= 105.249,61 kg/jam
= 232.075,39 lb/jam
Debit air pendingin, Fvp =
Wt
232.075,39 lb / jam
62,0729 lb/ft 3
= 3.738,7553 ft3/jam
ID =
=
4.Fvp
.v
4 x3.738,7553 ft 3 / jam
x 29.527 ,56 ft / jam
Wt
A'
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
232.075,39 lb / jam
0,2007 ft 2
= 1.156.361,79 lb/jam.ft2
V=
Gt
1.156.361, 79 lb / jam. ft 2
62,0729 lb / ft 3
IDxGt
= 301.882,5
Untuk T = 95oF diperoleh hi = 1.450 Btu/jam.ft2.oF. Dari fig. 25, Kern.
hi0 = hi x
ID
OD
= 1.450 Btu/jam.ft2.oF x
0,5054 ft
0,5521 ft
= 1.327,434 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
= 46oC = 114,8oF
= 46oC = 114,8oF
= 30oC = 86oF
= 40oC = 104oF
LMTD =
114,8 86
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Menghitung Uc dan Ud
hcxhi 0
hc hi 0
377,546 Btu / jam. ft 2 . Fx1.327,434 Btu / jam. ft 2 . F
(377,546 1.327,434 ) Btu / jam. ft 2 . F
= 293,943 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Rd
= 0,00326 jam.ft2.oF/Btu
Qp
UdxLMTD
= 1.589,0978 ft2
Adesain
A"
1.589,0978 ft 2
1,734 ft 2 / ft
= 916,4347 ft
DC
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
AC =
=
(9,4178 ) 2 (0,0842 ) 2
= 9,4194 ft = 2,8718 m
Keliling busur AB = x x AB = x x 9,4178 ft = 14,7821 ft = 4,5067 m
Keliling busur AC = x x AC = x x 9,4194 ft = 14,7885 ft = 4,5087 m
Keliling lingkaran koil = keliling busur AB + keliling busur AC
= 14,7821 ft + 14,7885 ft
= 29,5782 ft = 9,0154 m
Jumlah lengkungan koil (N) =
916,435
29,5782
= 30,9 31 lilitan
Tinggi tumpukan koil = y x N = 0,276 ft x 31 = 2,8613 m
Koil tidak tercelup seluruhnya dalam cairan, karena tinggi koil lebih tinggi dari
tinggi cairan (2,8613 m > 2,593 m)
Tinggi cairan setelah ada koil (ZC)
ZC =
Vcairan Vkoil
Areaktor
Vc (0,25 xxOD 2 xL )
=
0,25 xxID 2
=
= 4,2 m
0,264
(Re t ) 0, 42
(Kern, 1983)
= 0,0035 +
0,264
(301.882,5 ) 0, 42
= 4,818.10-3
P =
fxGt 2 xL
5,22.1010 xIDxSxt
t =
W
0 ,19
=1
= 3,6 psi
Syarat P cairan dalam tube < 10 psi, maka P = 3,6 psi memenuhi syarat.
2. Reaktor 2
Komponen
Panas masuk, Kj/jam Panas keluar,Kj/jam
C12H25C6H5
91.557,93449
76.741,3245
C10H21C6H5
6.886,5895
6.886,5895
C14H29C6H5
69,3755
69,3755
H2SO4
288.237,3013
284.352,2597
H2O
1.503,698
3.586,623
C12H25C6H4SO3H
560.593,042
584.282,5722
panas reaksi
965.093,4809
panas pendingin
958.022,6769
Total
1.913.941,421
1.913.941,421
Perancangan Koil Pendingin
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Dt
Dimana,
w
2/3
Cp.
k
1/ 3
0 ,14
0 ,14
=1
hC
Dt
Cp
= viskositas air
L2 .N.
Cp.
k
hC =
2/3
1/ 3
2
3
= (3,9241 ft ) x3.315,2885 / jamx74,1588lb / ft
16,2674 lb / jam. ft
2/3
= 3.783,4984
1/ 3
= 3,5533
= 377,546 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
86 104
= 95oF
2
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Qp
Cp.(T2 T1 )
228.972,9 kkal / jam
1,048 kkal / kg .C.(40 30)C
= 21.848,561 kg/jam
= 48.176,076 lb/jam
Debit air pendingin, Fvp =
Wt
48.176,076 lb / jam
62,0729 lb / ft 3
= 776,1209 ft3/jam
Fvp
=
(ID)2
4
v
ID =
=
4.Fvp
.v
4 x776,1209 ft 3 / jam
x 29.527 ,56 ft / jam
2,88
in
= 0,07315 m = 0,24 ft
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
ID =
2,469
in
= 0,06271 m = 0,206 ft
A =
4,79
in2
= 0,03326 ft2
A =
0,753 ft2/ft
48.176,076 lb / jam
0,03326 ft 2
= 1.448.299,57 lb/jam.ft2
V=
Gt
1.448.299, 57 lb / jam. ft 2
=
62,0729 lb / ft 3
IDxGt
ID
OD
= 1.500 Btu/jam.ft2. oF x
0,206 ft
0,24 ft
= 1.285,9375 Btu/jam.ft2. oF
= 46oC = 114,8oF
= 46oC = 114,8oF
= 30oC = 86oF
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
= 40oC = 104oF
114,8 86
Menghitung Uc dan Ud
hcxhi 0
hc hi 0
377,546 Btu / jam. ft 2 . Fx1.285,9375 Btu / jam. ft 2 . F
(377,546 1.285,9375 ) Btu / jam. ft 2 . F
= 291,858 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Rd
Ud =
=
Uc Ud
UcxUd
= 0,00324 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas
A=
Qp
UdxLMTD
= 494,8166 ft2
Menghitung Panjang Koil
L=
Adesain
A"
494,8166 ft 2
=
0,753 ft 2 / ft
= 657,127 ft
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
DC
Diameter helix, DC = 0,8 x (ID reaktor) = 0,8 x 11,7722 ft = 9,4178 ft = 2,8705 m
AB = DC = 9,4178 ft = 2,8705 m
Jarak antar gulungan koil, y = OD koil = 0,07315 m = 0,24 ft
BC = y = 0,07315 m = 0,24 ft
AC =
=
(AB) 2 (BC) 2
(9,4178 ) 2 (0,24) 2
= 9,416 ft = 2,871 m
Keliling busur AB = x x AB = x x 9,4178 ft = 14,782 ft = 4,507 m
Keliling busur AC = x x AC = x x9,416 ft = 14,7833 ft = 4,5071 m
Keliling lingkaran koil = keliling busur AB + keliling busur AC
= 14,782 ft + 14,7833 ft
= 29,565 ft = 9,0139 m
Jumlah lengkungan koil (N) =
657,127
29,565
= 22,226 23 lilitan
Tinggi tumpukan koil = y x N = 0,24 ft x 23 =0,9512 m
Koil tercelup seluruhnya dalam cairan, karena tinggi koil lebih rendah dari tinggi
cairan (0,9512 m < 2,2069 m)
Tinggi cairan setelah ada koil (ZC)
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
ZC = Vcairan Vkoil
Areaktor
Vc (0,25 xxOD 2 xL )
=
0,25 xxID 2
=
= 3,673 m
0,264
(Re t ) 0, 42
(Kern, 1983)
= 0,0035 +
0,264
(153.919,23 4) 0, 42
= 5,25.10-3
P =
fxGt 2 xL
5,22.1010 xIDxSxt
t =
W
P =
0 ,19
=1
Syarat P cairan dalam tube < 10 psi, maka P = 2,765 psi memenuhi syarat.
3. Reaktor 3
Komponen
C12H25C6H5
C10H21C6H5
Panas keluar,Kj/jam
4.421,806
6.886,589
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
C14H29C6H5
H2SO4
H2O
C12H25C6H4SO3H
panas reaksi
panas pendingin
Total
69,375
284.352,2597
3.586,623
584.282,5722
808.914,6226
69,375
265.389,4651
13.753,3313
699.910,6006
774.402,198
1.764.833,367
1.764.833,367
Dt
Dimana,
w
2/3
Cp.
k
1/ 3
0 ,14
0 ,14
=1
hC
Dt
Cp
= viskositas air
L2 .N.
Cp.
k
hC =
2/3
1/ 3
2
3
= (3,9241 ft ) x3.315,2885 / jamx74,1588lb / ft
16,2674 lb / jam. ft
2/3
= 3.783,4984
1/ 3
= 3,5533
= 377,546 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
= 0,356 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Qp
Cp.(T2 T1 )
185.086,56 74 kkal / jam
1,048 kkal / kg .C.(40 30)C
= 17.660,932 kg/jam
= 38.942,355 lb/jam
Debit air pendingin, Fvp =
Wt
38.942,355 lb / jam
62,0729 lb / ft 3
= 627,365 ft3/jam
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
A = Fvp = (ID)2
4
ID =
4.Fvp
.v
4 x627,365 ft 3 / jam
x 29.527 ,56 ft / jam
ID =
A =
A =
0,622 ft2/ft
38.942,355 lb / jam
0,0235 ft 2
= 1.673.940,04 lb/jam.ft2
V=
Gt
1.673.940, 04 lb / jam. ft 2
=
62,0729 lb / ft 3
IDxGt
hi0 = hi x ID
OD
= 1.450 Btu/jam.ft2. oF x
0,1723 ft
0,1983 ft
= 1.259,3067 Btu/jam.ft2. oF
= 46oC = 114,8oF
= 46oC = 114,8oF
= 30oC = 86oF
= 40oC = 104oF
LMTD =
114,8 86
Menghitung Uc dan Ud
hcxhi 0
hc hi 0
377,546 Btu / jam. ft 2 . Fx1.259,3067 Btu / jam. ft 2 . F
(377,546 1.259,3067 ) Btu / jam. ft 2 . F
= 290,4636 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Rd
Rd =
=
Uc Ud
UCxUd
= 0,0032 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas
A=
Qp
UdxLMTD
= 266,6513 ft2
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
266,6513 ft 2
0,622 ft 2 / ft
= 428,7 ft
Menentukan Jumlah Lengkungan Koil
C
y
A
DC
Diameter helix, DC = 0,8 x (ID reaktor) = 0,8 x 11,7722 ft = 9,4178 ft = 2,8705 m
AB = DC = 9,4178 ft = 2,8705 m
Jarak antar gulungan koil, y = OD koil = 0,0604 m = 0,1983 ft
BC = y = 0,0604 m = 0,1983 ft
AC =
=
(AB) 2 (BC) 2
(9,41788 ) 2 (0,1983) 2
= 9,4183 ft = 2,8707 m
Keliling busur AB = x x AB = x x 9,4178 ft = 14,7821 ft = 4,5067 m
Keliling busur AC = x x AC = x x 9,4183 ft = 14,783 ft = 4,507 m
Keliling lingkaran koil = keliling busur AB + keliling busur AC
= 14,7821 ft + 14,783 ft
= 29,5726 ft = 9,0137 m
Jumlah lengkungan koil (N) =
428,7
29,57
= 14,5 15 lilitan
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Vc (0,25 xxOD 2 xL )
0,25 xxID 2
= 3,627 m
0,264
(Re t ) 0, 42
(Kern, 1983)
= 0,0035 +
0,264
(148.933,97 3) 0, 42
= 5,274.10-3
fxGt 2 xL
P =
5,22.1010 xIDxSxt
t =
W
0 ,19
=1
NETRALISER
Tugas : Menetralkan DDBS menjadi SDBS dengan menggunakan NaOH 20%.
Jenis : Silinder tegak berpengaduk yang dilengkapi dengan koil pendingin.
Kodisi : Eksotermis, T = 55C, P = 1 atm
1.
Komponen
kg/jam
FV,
fraksi
massa
BM
kmol/jam
mol
p,kg/m3
m3/jam
C12H25C6H5
96,637
0,004
246
0,393
0,001
829,65
0,1165
C10H21C6H5
135,252
0,006
218
0,620
0,002
831,26
0,1627
C14H29C6H5
1,960
0,000
274
0,007
0,000
832,6
0,0024
H2SO4
440,596
0,019
98
4,496
0,016
1.796,03
0,2453
H2O
124,271
0,005
18
6,904
0,025
999,71
0,1243
12.677,932
0,559
326
38,889
0,138
916,06
13,84
9.187,329
0,405
40
229,683
0,817
1.898,42
4,84
22.663,976
1,000
280,993
1,000
C12H25C6H4SO3H
NaOH 20%
Komponen
kg/jam
Cp
x*
C12H25C6H5
96,637
C10H21C6H5
135,252
0,006
1,85
C14H29C6H5
1,960
0,000
3,45 0,000299
H2SO4
440,596
0,019
9,42
H2O
124,271
0,005
0,51 0,002784
12.677,932
0,559
11,19
6,2608
9.187,329
0,405
1,554
0,6299
22.663,976
1,000
C12H25C6H4SO3H
NaOH 20%
0,004 2,4717
19,3302
0,0105
0,01104
0,1831
7,0985
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
2.
2,2838
kmol/m3
13,4884
kmol/m3
5,9061
Konversi (XA)
0,95
(rA ) -
k =
dCA
dCB
kC ACB
dt
dt
M XA
1
.Ln
C AO ( M 1)t
M (1 X A )
0,1678
m/kmol.jam
Fv (X A1 X A0 )
kC AO (1 X A1 )( M X A1 )
XA0 =
XA1 =
0,95
D:H=1
(Brownell, 1959)
Jenis head dipilih teorispherical flanged and dished head, karena operasi pada
tekan atmosferis dan harganya murah.
Volume shell
=
=
4
3
D2 H
D3
4 Vshell
4 x 204,4025
= 6,00 m
= 236,156 in
H
= 6,00 m
Volume dish
= 0,000049 Ds3
Dimana:
Ds
= diameter shell, in
Vdish
= 0,000049 x (236,156)3
= 645,3488 ft3
Vsf
diambil sf
=2
Vsf
D2
sf
144
x ( 236,156 ) 2 x
2
144
= 608,046 ft3
Sehingga,
Vhead
= 2 ( Vdish + Vsf )
= 2 x (645,3488 + 608,046)
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
= 2.506,7887 ft3
= 70,99 m3
Vnetraliser
= Vshell + Vhead
= 204,4025 m3 + 70,99 m3
= 275,3948 m3
4 x168,9064
x(6) 2
= 5,98 m
3.
P.r
+C
f .E 0,6.P
(brownell, 1959)
= camp g
H = tinggi cairan
= 5,98 m = 19,62 ft
gc
xh
dimana g/gc = 1
= 7.959,35 kg/m2
= 11,297 psi
25,99 x118,078
0,125
18.750 x0,85 0,6 x 25,99
tS =
= 0,3178 in
Dipilih tebal standar
3
in
8
OD = ID + 2 tS
= 236,156 + 2 x 0,375
= 236,792 in
Standarisasi dari tabel 5.7 Brownell, hal.90, didapat:
OD = 240 in ; icr = 14,4375 in ; r = 180 in
4.
0,885 .P.r
C
f .E 0,1.P
tH =
= 0,2955 in
Dipilih tebal standar
5
in
16
OD = ID + 2 tH
= 236,156 + 2 x 0,3125
= 236,7813 in
Standarisasi dari tabel 5.7 Brownell, hal.91, didapat:
OD = 240 in ; icr = 14,4375 in ; r = 180 in
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
a = 0,5 x ID
= 0,5 x 236,156 in = 118,0781 in
AB = a - icr
= 118,0781 14,4375 = 103,6406 in
BC = r icr
= 180 14,4375 = 165,5625 in
(BC) 2 (AB) 2
AC =
=
(165,5625 ) 2 (103,6406 ) 2
= 129,1107 in
b = r AC
= 180 129,1107 = 50,8893 in
Dari tabel 5.8 Brownell, hal.93, didapat sf = 2 in
OA = tH + b + sf
= 0,3125 + 50,8893 + 2 = 53,2018 in = 1,3513 m
Jadi tinggi netraliser total = 7,3315 m
5.
karena turbin memiliki range volume yang besar dan dapat digunakan untuk
kecepatan putaran yang cukup tinggi
Data pengaduk diperoleh dari Brown Unit Operation hal. 507.
Ukuran pengaduk:
ID
6
=
= 2 m = 6,5599 ft
3
3
2
Di
= = 0,4 m
4
4
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
E = 1 x Di = 1 x 1,9995 = 1,9995 m
600
.d
WELH
2.d
(Rase, 1977)
WELH = ZL x Sg
Dimana:
(Rase, 1977)
Massatotal
Fv
22.663,976 kg / jam
17,0282 m 3 / jam
7,9836
WELH
=
= 1,3310 1 buah
6
ID
600 ft / menit
x6,5599 ft
26,1930 ft
2 x6,5599 ft
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Np..N 3 .d 3
gC
Dimana :
Np
= power number
gC
N.d 2 .
55,2335
= 62,7654 Hp
0,88
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
6.
Dimana,
w
2/3
Cp.
k
1/ 3
0 ,14
0 ,14
=1
hC
Dt
Cp
= viskositas air
L2 .N.
Cp.
k
hC =
2/3
1/ 3
2
3
= (6,5599 ft ) .2.469,4786 / jam.83,1588 lb / ft
3,5lb / jam. ft
2/3
= 18.542,11128
1/ 3
= 2,096
= 652,938 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Qp
Cp.(T2 T1 )
6.439.033 kkal / jam
1,048 kkal / kg .C.(40 30)C
= 614.411,52 kg/jam
= 1.354.777,4 lb/jam
Wt
1.354.777,52lb / jam
=
62,0729 lb / ft 3
= 21.825,586 ft3/jam
ID =
Fvp
=
(ID)2
4
v
4.Fvp
.v
4 x 21.825,586 ft 3 / jam
x 29.527 ,5591 ft / jam
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Wt
A'
1.354.777, 4 lb / jam
0,7986 ft 2
= 1.275.084,6 lb/jam.ft2
V=
Gt
1.275.084, 6 lb / jam. ft 2
62,0729 lb / ft 3
IDxGt
= 663.557,72
Untuk T = 95F diperoleh hi = 1.500 Btu/jam.ft2.F. Dari fig. 25, Kern.
hi0 = hi x
ID
OD
= 1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F x
1,0075 ft
1,0625 ft
= 1.422,3529 Btu/jam.ft2. F.
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
= 55C = 131F
= 55C = 131F
= 30C = 86F
= 40C = 104F
LMTD =
131 86
= 35,2371F
Menghitung Uc dan Ud
hcxhi 0
hc hi 0
= 447,5077 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Rd
Rd = Uc Ud
UcxUd
= 0,00443 Btu/jam.ft2. F
Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas
A=
=
Qp
UdxLMTD
= 4.834,1022 ft2
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
4.834,1022 ft 2
=
3,338 ft 2 / ft
= 1.448,2032 ft
Menentukan Jumlah Lengkungan Koil
C
y
A
DC
Diameter helix, DC = 0,8 x (ID reaktor) = 0,8 x 6 m = 4,799 m
AB = DC = 4,799 m
Jarak antar gulungan koil, y = 0,5 x OD koil = 0,5 x 1,0625 ft = 0,53125 ft
BC = y = 0,53125 ft = 0,162 m
AC =
=
(AB) 2 (BC) 2
(4,799 ) 2 (0,162 ) 2
= 4,8014 m
Keliling busur AB = x x AB = x x 15,7397 ft = 24,711 ft
Keliling busur AC = x x AC = x x 15,749 ft = 24,725 ft
Keliling lingkaran koil = keliling busur AB + keliling busur AC
= 24,711 ft + 24,725 ft
= 49,4368 ft
Jumlah lengkungan koil (N) =
1.448,2031
49,4368
= 29,294 30 lilitan
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
Vc (0,25 xxOD 2 xL )
0,25 xxID 2
= 7,267 m
Menghitung Pressure Drop Koil
Faktor friksi, f = 0,0035 +
0,264
(Re t ) 0, 42
(Kern, p.53)
= 0,0035 +
0,264
663.557,72 0,42
= 4,447.10-3
P =
fxGt 2 xL
5,22.1010 xIDxSxt
t =
W
0 ,19
=1
Wawan Kurniawan
D 500100026
L-10
TC
FC
LI
S team
F-01
1
46
3a
E-01
1
46
L-01
1
32
1
30
1
VM
1
46
3b
4
30
1
1
46
3c
1
32
LC
L-03
1
46
TC
LC
LC
HW
CW
R-01
S team
R-02
CW
TC
TC
LC
LC
CW
TC
M-01
R-03
E-03
5
55,8
1
TC
E-02
VM
C
F-02
1
30
2
1
55
L-02
TC
9
30
1
1
110
13
TC
S team
55
1
L-04
L-11
6
32
1
L-05
FC
LI
CW
LI
E-04
S team
32
1
TC
E-05
1
30
8
F-04
UPL
LC
LC
HW
S team
LC
FC
VM
M-02
TC
CW
N-01
LI
F-03
10
L-07
30,9
1
TC
1
110
12
11
L-08
E-06
LI
CW
F-05
L-09
55
1
L-06
ALAT
KETERANGAN
ALAT
KETERANGAN
Tekanan, atm
FC
Reaktor
R
M
V
E
F
Flow Control
Nomor arus
Temper atur, C
Kontrol Valve
Arus Utama
Suplai List rik
Udara Tekan
VM
LC
TC
LI
Volumeter
Level Control
Temperatur Control
Level Indicator
E
N
H
F
L
CW
Reaktor
Mixer
Eviapor ator
Heater
Bin
Cooler
Net raliser
Decanter
Tangki
Pompa
Cooling Water
DIKERJAKAN OLEH :
WAWAN KURNIAWAN
D 500100026
DOSEN PEMBIMBING:
1. Dr Ir.AHMAD M.FUADI,MT.
2. ROIS FATONI ST, M.Sc, PhD