Development of High Density

Optical Storage Media

2002. 04. 26

Outline

Development History of Optical Storage

Media

Classification for Optical Storage Media

Principles of Optical Storage Technology

High Density Optical Storage Media

Conclusions

Development History of Optical Storage Disc

DVDRAM/R/RW 4.7GB
Video CD
CD-MO

DVD ROM & Video

DVD+R /RW 4.7GB
CD-R

CD-RO M

DVD-RAM 2..6GB

Photo CD

DVR 22.5GB

CD-I
CD-DA
CD-RW

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

DVD Audio

1999

2001

2003

Classification for Optical Storage Disc

Read-Only CD-DACD-ROMVCD

DVD-VideoDVD-ROMDVD-Audio
RecordableCD-RDVD-R
RewritableCD-RWDVD-RAMDVD-

RWDVD+RWDVR

Read-Only Disc Structure

Mastering

Replication metallization

Lacquering ( bonding ) Printing

Recordable Disc Structure

Mastering Replication Dye coating
metallization Lacquering Printing

Recordable Disc Structure

Mastering Replication Dye coating
metallization Bonding Printing

Rewritable Disc Structure

Mastering Replication ZnS-SiO2/AgInTeSb
/ZnS-SiO2/Al-Ti Sputtering Lacquering Printing

Rewritable Disc Structure

Pick-up Head

Optical Path of Pick-up Head

Read for Read-Only Disc

Read for Read-Only Disc

00000100010000000100000000010000

Land Pit

Land

Pit

Land

Read and Record for Recordable Disc

Before Recorded

Write strategy

After Recorded

WriteErase and Read for Rewritable Disc

Initialized
Active Layer

Written Bit

Temp.
Tm
Tg

Time
Write

Read

Erase

Multi-Media Applications

1997
Video
ROM
2 hrs

2000

2005

Video
RAM
2 hrs

2010

HDTV
4 hrs

2015

3-D
Video

Capacity

4.7 GB

Transfer Rate

20 MB/s 50-100 MB/s 100-250 MB/s 1 GB/s

Seek Time

30 ms

15GB

36GB

10-20 ms

100GB

5-10 ms

1TB

1-2 ms

Interactive
3-D Video

How to Increase Recording Density

Short

ECC

Super Resolution

Spot Size Reduction

Modulation

Multi-level

Near-Field

High NA

Data
Format

High Density
Optical
Storage Media

Volumetric
Storage

Disc Fabrication
High-tech mastering

L/G and Deep Groove

Multi-layer

Photo-induced

Holographic

How to Increase Recording Density

Reduce Laser Spot Size
Short Wavelength=400nmHigh Numerical Aperture

NA=0.8
Solid Immersion Lens (SLI) : To Increase Numerical

Aperture
Super-RENS
Increase Coding Efficiency Multi-level Coding
Multiple-layer Structure Multi-layer Recording
Volumetric Recording Holographic Optical Recording

DVR ( = 400 nm NA = 0.85 )

Blue Laser
High NA double-Lens

Assemble
0.1mm Hard Cover Layer
Single layer capacity 22.5GB

DVR ( = 400 nm NA = 0.85 )

Solid Immersion Lens

Excess theoretical NA limit

NA=0.55~0.8

Air Gap 10 100 nm

Near Field Recording

Laser spot size 100 nm

f
SIL

Single layer capacity 100G

n1=1.45~1.9
disc

h<

SUPER-RENS

Optical Super-Resolution

Near Field Structure

Can read pit length < 60 nm

Single layer capacity 200GB

SUPER-RENS

Diffraction-Limit

Spot size 0.6 /NA

m ask layer

700

Tm

600
Temperature (C)

readout signal

SUPER-RENS

500
400
rear part front part

300

Tx

200

recording layer

100
0
0

50

100
Tim e(ns)

150

200

mask layer
recording layer

middle dielectric layer

SUPER-RENS
Requirements for mask layer
Fast Response
High sensitivity
Large transmittance change
High stability

SUPER-RENS
Transmitted Type

Scattering Type

Multi-level
Multi-level is to improve the coding efficiency of

recording bits to increase recording density

PPM Pit Position Modulation
PWM Pit Width Modulation

Multi-level Pulse Depth Modulation

Multi-Level Rewritable
Matsushita - Mark Radial Width Modula

Multiple-level Reflection Modulation

Terabyte Optical Storage

3D Storage

Multi-function Volumeric optical disks

Holographic Memory

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

US Constellation 3D

(C3D) Company
06/200040GB

Analogue Video Disc

10/2000 50GB Digital

Video Disc
Future > 100GB

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

Advantages
Every layer is transparent. There is no reflective

interface between layers.

The exciting radiation energy can be achieved by

absorption of 1% incident light.

The exciting fluorescent signals wont be absorbed by

other fluorescent materials.

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

With larger tolerance for the imperfection of storage

media as well as disc drive.

Compatible with the existing CD and DVD systems.
Read and write can be performed simultaneously. Data

transfer rate is much higher than that of single layer

disc.

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

650nm
50nm

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc FMD

Refraction Index

Ambient Light

1 nsecSaturated
Level1mW/cm2

Holographic Optical Recording

Holographic Optical Recording

Holographic Optical Recording

Holographic Optical Recording

High data transfer rate Rewritable Disc

Requirements for phase change materials
High Photo-sensitivity
Large optical contrast between crystalline and

amorphous phases
High thermal stability
High structural stability
Fast re-crystallization rate

How to increase re-crystallization rate ?

Optimum recording layer

thickness

thickness ~ 30 nm

t (nucleation) ~ 17 ns

CET ~ 38 ns

Crystallization acceleration layer

SiC or GeN

t (nucleation) ~ 14 ns

CET ~ 27 ns

GeSbTe + O2

How to increase re-crystallization rate ?

Maximum User Data Rate ( Mbit/s )

How to increase re-crystallization rate ?

80

AgInSbTe
70
60
50

Ge2Sb2Te5

40
30
20
10
0
0.0

780
0.50

0.4

658
0.60

658
0.85

0.8
1.2
1.6
Reciprocal Spot Diameter ( m-1 )

400
0.85

2.0

Fast Growth Materials

Ge (at%)
0 100
10

90
80

20
30

70
60

40
50

50

60

40

70

30

80

20

90
100
Te (at%)
0

10
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0
100 Sb (at%)

Conclusions
Higher recording density Larger
capacity and Faster data transfer rate
is the trend in the development of optical
storage medium !!

Thank you !!