Term End Examination - November 2014

Course

: MEE304

Class NBR

: 4522 / 4523 / 4524 / 4525

Time

: Three Hours

- Turbomachines

Slot : G1+TG1

Max.Marks:100

(Symbols used are having their regular meaning)

Answer any FIVE Questions
(5 X 20 = 100 Marks)
1.

(a) Explain the reheat in phenomena in turbines. What is its effect on the work and

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efficiency of the turbine?

(b) Air at 2.05 bar and 417 K is expanded through a row of nozzle blades to a

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pressure of 1.925 bar. The stagnation pressure loss across the nozzle is measured
as 10 mm of Hg. Determine the efficiency of this nozzle and the velocity of air at
the exit. Take Cp = 1005 J/kgK and = 1.4. State the assumptions used.
(c) A diffuser at the exit of a gas turbine has an area ratio of 2.0. If the static pressure

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at the diffuser exit is 1.013 bar and the velocity of gas 30 m/s, calculate the static
pressure of the gas at the turbine exit. Take diffuser efficiency equal to 77 % and
the density of gas as 1.25 kg/m3 (constant). State the assumptions used. Draw the
actual and ideal diffusion processes on the h-s diagram.

2.

(a) Prove the following relations for an axial fan stage with upstream guide vanes and

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downstream guide vanes:

( p)st = 2u2 ( tan 2 1) ; = 4( tan 2 1) ; R =1

(b) A backward-swept (2 = 30o, d2 = 46.6 cm) centrifugal fan is required to deliver

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3.82 m3/s (4.29 kg/s) of air at a total pressure rise of 63 mm of W.G. The flow
coefficient at the impeller exit is 0.25 and the power supplied to the impeller is
3 kW. Determine the fan efficiency, pressure coefficient, degree of reaction and
rotational speed.

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3.

(a) Draw an illustrative diagram of a centrifugal compressor stage indicating the

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names of its principal parts.

(b) The conditions of air at the entry of an axial compressor stage are p1 = 768 mm of

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Hg and T1 = 314 K. The air angles are 1 = 51o, 2 = 9o, 1 = 3 = 7o. The mean
diameter and peripheral speed are 50 cm and 100 m/s, respectively. Mass-flow rate
through the stage is 25 kg/s; the work-done factor is 0.95 and mechanical
efficiency 92 %. Assuming a stage efficiency of 88 %, determine:
(i) Air angle at the stator entry,
(ii) Blade height at the entry and the hub-tip diameter ratio,
(iii) Stage loading coefficient,
(iv) Stage pressure ratio, and
(v) The power required to drive the stage.

4.

(a) Draw and explain an enthalpy-entropy diagram for flow through an inward-flow

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radial turbine stage fitted with an exhaust diffuser. Prove that:

ho 2 rel

1 2
1
u 2 = ho 3 rel u 32
2
2

(b) The initial pressure and temperature of steam entering a multistage turbine

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(d = 100 cm, N = 3000 rpm) are 100 bar and 500oC respectively. The steam flow
rate is 100 kg/s and the exit angle of the first stage nozzle blades is 70o. Assuming
maximum utilization factor, determine the rotor blade angles, blade heights, power
developed and the final stage of steam after expansion for the following
arrangements:
(i) Single-stage impulse, st = 0.78
(ii) Two-stage Rateau wheel (st1 = st2 = 0.78)

5.

(a) What are the various methods employed for improving the efficiency and output

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of a constant pressure gas turbine plant.

(b) Explain briefly four methods with the help of T-s diagrams, which can be

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employed for improving the thermal efficiency of a steam turbine power plant.

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6.

(a) Define cavitation. What are the effects of cavitation? Give the necessary

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precautions against cavitation.

(b) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5 m and a design speed

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of 1000 rpm. The vanes are curved back to an angle of 30o with the periphery. The
impeller diameter is 30 cm and outlet width 5 cm. Determine the discharge of the
pump if the manometric efficiency of the pump is 95%.

7.

(a) Define the specific speed of a turbine? Derive an expression for the specific speed

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of a hydraulic turbine.
(b) The following data is given for a Francis turbine. Net head available H = 60 m;

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speed, N = 700 rpm; shaft power = 294.3 kW; overall efficiency, o = 84%;
hydraulic efficiency, h = 93%; flow ratio = 0.20; breadth ratio, n = 0.1; outer
diameter of the runner is double the inner diameter. The thickness of vanes
occupies 5% of circumferential area of the runner, velocity of flow is constant at
inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at the outlet. Determine:
(i) Guide blade angle,
(ii) Runner vane angles at inlet and outlet,
(iii) Diameters of the runner at inlet and outlet, and
(iv) Width of the wheel at inlet.

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