INTERFACING OF DC MOTOR

USINGMICROCONTROLLER 8051

BACHELORS OFENGINEERING IN ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

Submitted by
UCID NO

Name of student

2013110014

Ravindra gomase

Under the guidance of

Prof. P.V.Kasambe

Department of Electronics Engineering

Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Munshi Nagar, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400058
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
2016-2017
1

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled Interfacing Of DC Motor Using

Microcontroller 8051 has been completed successfully by Ravindra B. Gomase under
the guidance of P.V. Kasambe for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics Engineering from University of Mumbai.
Certified by

P.V.Kasambe

S.S.Rathod

Project Guide

Head of Department
Dr. Prachi Gharpure
Principal

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Munshi Nagar, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400058
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
2016-2017

DISSERTATION APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled Interfacing Of DC Motor Using

Microcontroller 8051 by Ravindra B. Gomase is approved for the award of Degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronic Engineering from University of Mumbai.

External Examiner

Internal Examiner

(signature)

(signature)

Name:

Name:

Date:

Date:

Seal of the Institute

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have great pleasure in presenting the report on Interfacing Of DC Motor Using

8051.I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks towards my guide
P.V.Kasambe, Professor of Department of Electronics Engineering, S.P.I.T., Mumbai, for
providing the technical guidelines and the suggestions regarding line of this work. I
would like to express my gratitude towards their constant encouragement, support and
guidance throughout the development of the project.
I also thank all the staffs of S.P.I.T., Mumbai for their invaluable help rendered during
the course of this work. I wish to express my deep gratitude towards all my colleagues at
S.P.I.T., Mumbai for their encouragement.

Mr. Ravindra B. Gomase

CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Project Objective
4. Theory
5. System Design
6. Software
7. Simulation & Experimental Results
8. Conclusions

ABSTRACT

In industries machines are used for mass production of certain product. These machines
have different purposes and used for different applications. These machines use the same
movement to mass produce certain product. It would be advantageous if speed and
accuracy of these machines are improved. It is important to understand the principal used
by factories to mass produce certain product. The research work is concerned with this
idea and illustrating this concept by a prototype. Basic mechanical movements are used in
industries to do same thing again and again efficiently. Hence this helps in reducing
manufacturing cost of product.
Direct current (DC) motor has already become an important drive configuration
for many applications across a wide range of powers and speeds. The ease of control and
excellent performance of the DC motors will ensure that the number of applications using
them will continue to grow for the foreseeable future. In this paper, a method to control
the speed of DC motor using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is explained. PWM is
generated using Microcontroller 8051. To drive the motor, H-bridge is used which is
made up of four MOSFETs. Precise control of low torque DC motor is obtained by using
simple and inexpensive hardware. This paper shows that accurate and precise control of
small DC motors can be done effectively and efficiently without using complicated
circuitry and costly components.

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1 PWM wave
Fig 2 Microcontroller 8051
Fig3 DC motor
Fig 4 Circuit diagram
Fig 5 Keil V5
Fig 6 Flash magic

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

This work is concerned about the different mechanical movements used in factories to
manufacture certain product. For different movements different machines are used. So
every machine in factory is used for doing different job. Together final product is made.
It is important to understand concept behind it.

1.1 Motivation
It is very important to understand the production process. This is also used in controlling
robots. This very simple concept is used in advanced applications. Hence it is very
important to understand this concept and study this prototype.

1.2 Problem Definition

Controlling speed of DC motor

1.3 Objective of Project

To control speed of DC motor using PWM of MicroController 8051.

1.4 Limitation of Project

This is a prototype. This circuit cant be used that effectively.

CHAPTER 2
Literature Survey

The main objective is to generate PWM signal in Microcontroller 8051 and control speed
of DC motor using it. It achieves this by using concept of duty cycle. By varying duty
cycle of PWM signal we can control speed of DC motor.

2.1 Introduction
This mechanical movement is used in many applications. From robots to factories this
concept is used widely. It is very easy to implement in action and cost effective.

2.2 Existing system

This system exists in industries but in large scale. It is used in huge machinery. The
one with more power is used instead of this prototype.

2.3 Disadvantages of existing system

This system do not have any huge disadvantages but its speed of operation and accuracy
and stability and other factors can be improved.

2.4 Conclusion
Concept of this prototype can be used widely in advanced and complex applications.

CHAPTER3
Project Objective

Objective of following project given below:

To control speed of DC motor

To efficiently vary speed of DC motor
Less complexity = very few components required
Ease of use
Compact size
Low cost

10

CHAPTER4
Theory

PWM:
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a
modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although
this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its
main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices,
especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two
principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, [1] the other
being maximum power point tracking. The average value of voltage (and
current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and
load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off
periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load. The PWM switching
frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that
uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load
must be as smooth as possible. The rate (or frequency) at which the power supply
must switch can vary greatly depending on load and application, for example
Switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove; 120 Hz in a
lamp dimmer; between a few kilohertz (kHz), to tens of kHz for a motor drive;
and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power
supplies. The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular
interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because
the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100%
being fully on. The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching
devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when
it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop
across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in
both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which,
because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.
Fig1

11

DC Motor: motor has two terminals. We have to connect one of the motor
terminal to the controller pin and other to the ground. A DC motor is any of a
class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power into
mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism,
either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear
motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line. DC motors were the
first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current
lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a
wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of
current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight
motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in
propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling
mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with
AC motors possible in many applications.
Microcontroller 8051: The Intel MCS-51 (commonly termed 8051) is an
internally Harvard architecture, complex instruction set
computing (CISC) instruction set, single chip microcontroller (C) series
developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems .[1] Intel's original
versions were popular in the 1980s and early 1990s and enhanced binary
compatible derivatives remain popular today. Intel's original MCS-51 family was
developed using N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor ( NMOS) technology like its
predecessor Intel MCS-48, but later versions, identified by a letter C in their
name (e.g., 80C51) used complementary metaloxidesemiconductor ( CMOS)
technology and consume less power than their NMOS predecessors. This made
them more suitable for battery-powered devices. The family was continued in
1996 with the enhanced 8-bit MCS-151 and the 8/ 16 /32-bit MCS-251 family of
binary compatible microcontrollers. [2] While Intel no longer manufactures
the MCS-51, MCS-151 and MCS-251 family, enhanced binary
compatible derivatives made by numerous vendors remain popular today.
Some derivatives integrate a digital signal processor (DSP). Beyond these
physical devices, several companies also offer MCS-51 derivatives as IP cores
for use in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) designs.
12

CHAPTER 5
System design

5.1 Introduction
We going to generate PWM (pulse width modulation) signal using timers in 8051. As
duty cycle of PWM (pulse width modulation) signal increases speed of DC motor will
increase.

5.2 User requirement

Computer

5.3 Software requirement

Keil version 5
Flash magic

13

5.4 Hardware requirement

Microcontroller 8051

Fig2

14

DC motor

Fig3

Power supply
Switch (Button)

15

5.5 Diagram

Fig 4

16

CHAPTER 6
Softwares

Keil version5
Keil was founded in 1982 by Gnter and Reinhard
German GbR. In April 1985 the company was

Keil, initially as a
converted to Keil

Elektronik GmbH to market add-on products for the development tools provided
by many of the silicon vendors. Keil implemented the first C HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler" compiler designed from the ground-up
specifically
for
the
8051
HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller" microcontroller.

Fig 5

17

Flash magic

(PC tool) for programming ash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial or
Ethernet protocol while in the target hardware. Straightforward and intuitive user
interface Five simple steps to erasing and programming a device and setting key
options Programs Intel Hex Files Automatic verifying after programming Fills
unused Flash to increase firmware security Automatically program checksums.
Using the supplied checksum calculation routine your firmware can easily verify
the integrity of a Flash block, ensuring no unauthorized or corrupted code can
ever be executed.
Fig 6

18

Fig

CHAPTER 7
Simulation and Experimental Results

7.1 Software Code

#include<reg51.h>
sbit MTR=P1^0;
void MSDelay(unsigned int value);
void main()
{
unsigned char z;
P2=0xFF;
z=P2;z=z&0x03;
MTR=0;
while(1)
{
switch(z)
{
case(0):
{
MTR=1;
MSDelay(25);
MTR=0;
MSDelay(75);
break;
}
case(1):
{
MTR=1;
MSDelay(50);
MTR=0;
MSDelay(50);
break;
}
19

case(2):
{
MTR=1;
MSDelay(75);
MTR=0;
MSDelay(25);
bresk;
}
default:
MTR=1;
}

7.2 Result Analysis

Speed of DC motor is controlled by duty cycle of

PWM. Higher the duty cycle higher will be the
speed

20

21

CHAPTER 5
Conclusion

From project work it is clear that following objectives are achieved:

1. It fulfills requirement for its application

2. Its possible to improve overall performance of speed of DC motor
3. Speed of motor is controlled by concept of duty cycle of PWM(Pulse width
modulation) signal.
4. Pulse width modulation is a power technique which has found its use in
numerous industrial applications.
5. Hence improved its flexibility

22

Bibliography

1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi and Rolin D. McKinlay,

The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and
C, 2013, 2nd edition, PEARSON Books
2. Microcontroller 8051. [online]. Available: http://www.wikipedia.com
3. Y. S. E. Ali, S. B. M. Noor, S. M. Uashi and M. K Hassan
Microcontroller Performance for DC Motor Speed Control O-780382082003 IEEE.

23